JPH09501081A - 関節鏡下手術器具 - Google Patents

関節鏡下手術器具

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JPH09501081A
JPH09501081A JP7506079A JP50607994A JPH09501081A JP H09501081 A JPH09501081 A JP H09501081A JP 7506079 A JP7506079 A JP 7506079A JP 50607994 A JP50607994 A JP 50607994A JP H09501081 A JPH09501081 A JP H09501081A
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jaw
surgical instrument
movable jaw
push rod
hollow tube
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ハーネン、ケビン・エフ
アクイア、グスタボ
クラッチ、ピーター
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シンバイオシス・コーポレーション
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/16Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1604Chisels; Rongeurs; Punches; Stamps
    • A61B17/1606Chisels; Rongeurs; Punches; Stamps of forceps type, i.e. having two jaw elements moving relative to each other
    • A61B17/1608Chisels; Rongeurs; Punches; Stamps of forceps type, i.e. having two jaw elements moving relative to each other the two jaw elements being linked to two elongated shaft elements moving longitudinally relative to each other
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B10/00Instruments for taking body samples for diagnostic purposes; Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. for vaccination diagnosis, sex determination or ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
    • A61B10/02Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
    • A61B10/06Biopsy forceps, e.g. with cup-shaped jaws
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3201Scissors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
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    • A61B2017/0088Material properties ceramic
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2931Details of heads or jaws with releasable head
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2932Transmission of forces to jaw members
    • A61B2017/2933Transmission of forces to jaw members camming or guiding means
    • A61B2017/2934Transmission of forces to jaw members camming or guiding means arcuate shaped guiding means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2932Transmission of forces to jaw members
    • A61B2017/2939Details of linkages or pivot points
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00053Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/00059Material properties
    • A61B2018/00071Electrical conductivity
    • A61B2018/00077Electrical conductivity high, i.e. electrically conducting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00053Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/00059Material properties
    • A61B2018/00071Electrical conductivity
    • A61B2018/00083Electrical conductivity low, i.e. electrically insulating
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00053Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/00107Coatings on the energy applicator
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00053Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/00107Coatings on the energy applicator
    • A61B2018/00148Coatings on the energy applicator with metal
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/03Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety
    • A61B2090/037Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety with a frangible part, e.g. by reduced diameter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/08Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/0813Accessories designed for easy sterilising, i.e. re-usable
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2217/00General characteristics of surgical instruments
    • A61B2217/002Auxiliary appliance
    • A61B2217/005Auxiliary appliance with suction drainage system

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Abstract

(57)【要約】 関節鏡下手術器具は中空チューブを有し、操作部が基端部、先端作動部が末端部に連結されている。操作部と先端作動部は、中央チューブを通る円筒状プッシュロッドで連結されている。プッシュロッドは、強度を落とした半円形のサイドカットを有する平坦部の形をした脆弱部を含み、操作部で所定の力が先端作動部に作用したときに脆弱部が壊れる。先端作動部は固定ジョーと可動ジョーを有する。固定ジョーはチューブの末端部に連結されており、プッシュロッドを収容する。可動ジョーはプッシュロッドに連結されており、両ジョーのアーチ状係合面により固定ジョーにより固定ジョーに回動自在に連結されている。可動ジョーには一対のギザギザのナイフ状端部が設けてあり、これらの間には凹状面がある。また、固定ジョーには収容開口部が設けてあり、ジョーが閉鎖位置にあるとき、可動ジョーが上記開口部にぴったりと入る。収容開口部は、鋭い端部で終わる上記テーパを有する一対の側壁と、凹状内面を有する末端壁とで形成される。端部壁内面の凹状は可動ジョーの回転軸を中心とする半径で定義される。中空チューブの電気的接続がジョーに焼灼電流を供給するために設けてある。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 関節鏡下手術器具 技術分野 本発明は概略関節鏡下手術器具に関する。特に、本発明は関節鏡下手術器具に 関し、これは使い捨て可能であって、大きな力が作用したときに破壊する機構を プッシュロッドに備えるとともに、先端作動部を好適に配置したものに関する。 技術背景 関節鏡下手術は外科処置において広く実施されつつある。関節鏡下手術では、 内視鏡を用いて関節の内部を検査するとともに関節における外科手術を行うため に1以上の比較的小さな切開部が作られる。一般的に、外科手術では、処置のた めに、及び/又は関節を構成している骨、半月板、組織、及び軟骨を切断するた めに、少なくとも1つの切開部を介してカッタ、解剖器具、又はその他の外科器 具が挿入される。 従来の使い捨て関節鏡下手術器具は柔らかい組織や器官を含む内視鏡手術に使 用される内視鏡器具と多少似ている。腹膣鏡下外科手術器具のような道具は、一 般に、チューブ、このチューブ内に延在するプッシュロッド、このプッシュロッ ドを軸方向に往復動作させるためにチューブとプッシュロッドと係合する操作手 段、プッシュロッドに連結された先端作動手段、及び基端部でチューブに連結さ れると共に末端部で先端作動手段に連結されたクレビスを備えており、プッシュ ロッドの軸方向の動作によりプッシュの長手方向軸と平行な平面上で先端作動手 段が動作する。この道具の先端作動手段は、例えば鋏、解剖器具、又は保持具の ような種々の形をしている。また、先端作動手段はダブルアクティング又はシン グルアクティングとすることもできる。 そのような道具を如何に強く作るか、また関節鏡下手術で使用できるように如 何に小さくするかという制限があるので、使用中に道具が壊れたりする可能性が 常にある。確かにこの問題は、使い捨てでない道具に用いられる標準的なステン レス鋼よりも弱い材料で一般的に作られる使い捨ての道具にはつきものである。 柔らかいか又は比較的柔らかい組織を含む多くの内視鏡処置ではそのような可能 性はないが、骨組織を含む関節鏡下手術で使用される場合には、骨組織をつかん だり切断したりするために操作手段を介して先端作動部に付加的な力が加わるの で、先端作動部または末端のリンケージ部材が壊れるという可能性が高い。その ような場合、先端作動部または末端のリンケージの一部が破壊すると、それが関 節に突き剌さったり、それを取り除くために更なる処置が必要になる。 内視鏡の分野では、オガワの米国特許4,896,678号でこの問題が述べ られている。オガワでは、操作力が所定の値を越えると、先端作動部への力の伝 達を解除する手段が設けてある。その力を解除するためにオガワで使用されてい る機構はプッシュロッド中のV形状のノッチであり、これは過剰な力が作用した ときに壊れるようにしてある。しかしながら、オガワの教示は過去において関節 鏡下手術器具に適用されていない。 関節鏡下手術に使用するために先端作動部に幾つかの改良がなされてきた。特 に、ホンカネンの米国特許4,712,545号には耐久性のある外科用鉗子と パンチ用先端作動部が開示されている。ホンカネンの先端作動部は固定ジョー( あご部)と可動ジョーとを備えており、可動ジョーは第1のアーチ状突起および 溝構造によって固定ジョーに取り付けられているとともに、第2のアーチ状突起 および溝構造によってプッシュロッドに取り付けられている。このプッシュロッ ドは固定ジョーに対して相対的に移動し、第2の突起および溝構造によって可動 ジョーに係合し、それにより可動ジョーが第1の突起および溝構造により固定ジ ョーに対して相対的に付勢されてスライドし、開放または閉鎖される。これらの ジョーは、パンチまたは鉗子のように動作するために異なる形状に作られている 。この構造によれば先端作動部の回転位置にかかる応力の大部分が軽減されるが 、特に第2の突起および溝構造が比較的複雑な構造である。 先端作動部における強度を高める別の改良がホンカネン等の米国特許5,15 2,780号に記載されている。そこでは、一体的なクレビスピンを有する固定 ジョーと、スタッドを有するプッシュロッドに連結されたアーチ状の係合溝を備 えた可動ジョーとが記載されている。この固定ジョーは一般的に砂時計の形をし た一体型のピボットピンを有するU型の部材である。可動ジョーはピボットピン の上に位置する溝を備えている。プッシュロッドのスタッドを可動ジョーの溝に 係合すると、ピボットピンに対して可動ジョーを保持し、そのピボットピンを中 心として可動ジョーが回転される。 近年、関節鏡下手術器具に多くの改良がなされているが、依然として解消すべ き幾つかの問題点が存在する。多くの関節鏡用先端作動部は、鋸歯状の表面を有 する可動式の内側パンチ部材を備えた概略U型の固定部材からなる。この構造の 欠点は、先端作動部に作用する力がU型部材に保持される全組織に分散されると いうことである。これによりパンチの切断作用の効率が制限される。また、時折 鋸歯表面が組織切断前にU型部材の外側に組織を押しやる。さらに、先端作動部 の破壊を防止するために、脆弱なリンクに関して改良がなされてきたが、これら のリンクの幾つかは製造するのが困難であった。さらにまた、ある関節鏡下手術 器具に焼灼電流を供給することが知られているが、関節鏡下手術器具には焼灼能 力が設けられていなかった。 発明の開示 そこで、本発明の目的は、優れた切断/パンチング作用を提供する先端作動部 を有する関節鏡下手術器具を提供することである。 本発明の他の目的は、外科用のパンチ形状を有するが挟みのような切断動作を する先端作動部を備えた関節鏡下手術器具を提供することである。 本発明のさらに他の目的は、操作手段、プッシュロッド、及び先端作動部材に 連結された末端部リンケージを有し、器具の使用中における先端作動部と末端部 リンケージの破壊が防止されている関節鏡下手術器具を提供することである。 本発明の別の目的は、複数の異なる先端作動部と共に使用される力を制限する プッシュロッドを使い捨ての関節鏡下手術器具に設けることである。 本発明のさらに別の目的は、耐久性に優れていると共に相当な応力に耐えるこ とができる、特に関節鏡下手術に適した先端作動部を提供することである。 本発明のその他の目的は、焼灼能力を有する関節鏡下手術器具を提供すること である。 後に詳細に説明するこれらの目的にしたがって、本発明の関節鏡下手術器具は 、チューブ、チューブ内に延在するプッシュロッド、プッシュロッドを軸方向に 往復動作するためにチューブとプッシュロッドに係合する操作手段、チューブに 連結されると共に開口部を形成する鋭い端部を備えた第1の固定先端作動部、及 びプッシュロッドに連結されると共に凹状表面により連結された鋭い端部を備え た第2の可動先端作動部とを備えており、プッシュロッドの軸方向の動作に基づ いて2の可動先端作動部を第1の固定先端作動部の開口部中で移動及び回転し、 これにより第1と第2の先端作動部の鋭い端部の間で切断作用を行う。先端作動 部の好適な例では、可動作動部の鋭い端部に歯を形成するギザギザが形成されて おり、可動先端作動部のギザギザ端部は歯先端の基部側よりも以前に歯の先端が 固定先端作動部の鋭い端部に接触するように配置され、これにより切断時に基部 方向に組織が引っ張られ、固定先端作動部に開口部末端に位置する鼻部を設け、 中心が可動先端作動部の回転位置にある円弧を有する凹状面を上記鼻部が有し、 鋭い端部を形成するように固定先端作動部の開口部形成壁の断面厚を先細りにし 、フランジと溝の構造により固定先端作動部と可動先端作動部とを連結している 。この好適な先端作動部の構成によれば、優れた切断/パンチング作用が得られ る。 本発明の他の例では、関節鏡下手術器具に焼灼機能が設けてあり、先端作動部 及び/又はプッシュロッドを可動先端作動部に連結する末端部リングの破壊を防 止する脆弱リンクが関節鏡下手術器具に設けてある。焼灼機能は、ステンレス鋼 又はアルミニウムチューブの外面を絶縁性のプラスチック製収縮被覆で覆い、絶 縁性材料(ポリスルホンを含む繊維のような材料)から操作手段を形成し、チュ ーブに焼灼電流が供給されるように操作手段を介してチューブに延在する電気接 続部を設けることで達成される。脆弱リンクは、円筒状プッシュロッドの一部を 平坦化して、一対の強度低下した実質的に半円形のサイドカット(側部切込)を 設けることでプッシュロッドに形成される。これにより、先端作動部及び/又は 末端部リンケージを破壊するのに必要な力以下の力でプッシュロッドが壊れる。 プッシュロッドと脆弱リンクは所定の引張強度に時効硬化されたステンレス鋼で 作るのが好ましい。 本発明の関節鏡下手術器具の先端作動部は、耐火材料の鋳造コバルト合金又は ブロンズで作るのが好ましい。そのような材料によれば、関節鏡下手術器具は消 毒可能で、そのようなデザインゆえに製造コストを制限するが、使い捨て装置と して使用することもできる。 本発明のその他の目的および利点は添付図面とともに詳細な説明を参照するこ とにより当業者に対して明らかとなる。 図面の簡単な説明 図1は、本発明にかかる関節鏡下手術器具の一部切断側面図である。 図1aは、図1に示す器具の部分詳細図である。 図2aは、閉鎖位置にある先端作動ジョーの斜視図である。 図2bは、開放位置にある先端作動ジョーの斜視図である。 図2cは、一部開放位置にある先端作動ジョーの斜視図である。 図3aは、固定先端作動ジョーの平面図である。 図3bは、固定先端作動ジョーの側面図である。 図3cは、図3aのC−C線に沿った断面図である。 図3dは、固定ジョー先端作動部の基端図である。 図3e−3iは、図3bにおけるE−E,F−F,G−G,H−HおよびI− I線に沿った断面図である。 図4aは、可動ジョー先端作動部の平面図である。 図4bは、図4aのB−B線に沿った断面図である。 図4cは、可動ジョー先端作動部の側面図である。 図4dは、可動ジョー先端作動部の基端図である。 図4eは、図4cにおける方向Eから見た可動ジョー先端作動部の末端図であ る。 図4fは、可動ジョーと固定ジョーの末端部の部分断面図である。 図5aは、プッシュロッドの一部切断平面図である。 図5bは、プッシュロッドの一部切断側面図である。 図5cは、図5bの線C−Cに沿った拡大断面図である。 図5dは、プッシュロッドの末端図である。 本発明を実施する最良の形態 図1および1aにおいて、関節鏡下手術器具は符号10で示されている。この 関節鏡下手術器具10は、概略、アルミニウムまたはステンレス鋼からなるチュ ーブ15、先端作動部40、操作手段50、およびプッシュロッド60を備えて いる。本発明の好適な例に従って、チューブ15はプラスチックまたはセラミッ ク20の絶縁性収縮被覆層により外周を覆われ、操作手段はプラスチック又はポ リスルホンを含む繊維などの絶縁材料から形成されており、焼灼接点25が絶縁 性操作手段50を介して延在し、チューブ15と接触している。図示するように 、収縮被覆は操作手段50からチューブ15の末端部に延在し、後に詳細に説明 するように先端作動部40の一部まで延在させるのが好ましい。必要ならば、米 国特許出願07/680,389に示されかつ記載されているような金具(図示 せず)を、収縮被覆20と操作手段50との間の連続した絶縁性を保証するため に用いてもよい。実際、必要ならば、チューブ15とプッシュロッド60の操作 手段50に対する連結は、共に譲渡された米国特許5,174,300号に記載 された回転式金具を使用することにより、焼灼接点25を回転チューブ15に接 触させて、強化しかつ回転可能とすることができる。しかし、絶縁性収縮被覆2 0とその他の絶縁機構により、関節鏡下手術器具の外部の高温(すなわち焼灼電 圧を受ける)部分を、基部の接点25とチューブ15を介して焼灼電源(図示せ ず)から焼灼電圧を受ける先端作動部40とすることができる。 関節鏡下手術器具の先端作動部40は米国特許出願07/837,046およ び07/780,034に開示された耐火材料からなる鋳造コバルト合金または ブロンズで形成するのが好ましい。この器具ではステンレス鋼で形成されている プッシュロッド60は、後に詳細に説明するように、末端部65でリンケージ3 0を介して先端作動部40に係合されており、基端部において手動で操作される 操作手段50に連結されている。そのために、器具10の「末端部」またはその 任意の部分が手術部に最も近い端部でかつ外科医から離れた部分であり、器具1 0の「基端部」またはその任意の部分が外科医に最も近くかつ手術部から離れた 部分である。 使用に際して、関節鏡下手術器具10は関節部に挿入され、プッシュロッドを 往復動作させるために操作手段50が操作される。このプッシュロッド60の動 きは、後に詳細に説明するように、先端作動部40の少なくとも1つの動きに変 換される。 図2a,2bおよび2cは、特に関節鏡下手術に適した手術パンチ用の先端作 動部400を示す。この先端作動部400は、固定ジョー(固定先端作動部)4 02と可動ジョー(可動先端作動部)404を備えている。固定ジョーはシャン ク部408と末端部406を備えている。シャンク部はプレスフィット、ハンダ またはその他の方法によりチューブ15の内側に固定的に取り付けてあり、プッ シュロッド60を受けるために貫通孔422が設けてある。可動ジョー404は 連れ合い面412、414により固定ジョー402に回動自在に取り付けてあり 、ピン430によりプッシュロッド60の末端部65に連結されている。固定ジ ョー402の末端部406には開口部420(図3a−3cおよび3h−3iに 詳細に示す)を形成する鋭い端部が設けてある。この開口部420には図2aに 示すように可動ジョーが回転して入り込む。このように、固定ジョー402は金 型のように機能し、可動ジョー404は骨や関節組織を突き進むパンチとして機 能する。この機能を促進するために、可動ジョー404にはナイフ状の端部41 6が設けてある。プッシュロッド60が動作することにより、固定ジョー402 に対して相対的に可動ジョー404を図2bに示す開放位置または図2aに示す 閉鎖位置に回転させる。 図3a−3iは固定ジョー402の詳細を示す。固定ジョー402のシャンク 部408は末端部406よりも狭く、チューブ15(図1)の内部に係合するリ ブ408aを備えている。末端部406には、壁432a、432b、432c で形成された開口部420が設けてある。図3hと3iに最もよく示すように、 壁432aと432bは外側先細り部を有し、これらは鋭い上端部433a、4 33bで終わっている(壁432cもまた先細りになっており、鋭い上端部43 3cで終わっている)。このようにして、鋏と同様の作用が得られ(後に詳細に 説明する)、可動ジョーが開放位置から閉鎖位置に移動すると(図2aおよび2 b)、鋭い上端部433a、433bは可動ジョーのナイフ状端部416と係合 する。図3aに示すように、後述するように可動ジョー404の先細りになった 肩部と係合する先細りの窪み430a、430bにより、基端方向に向かうに従 って壁432a、432bは狭くなっている。固定ジョー402のヘッド部とシ ャンク部との間には、可動ジョー404のアーチ状溝412a、412bと係合 するアーチ状のフランジ414a、414bが設けてある。溝422(U型また はその他の形状)はシャンク部408を介して開口部620に延在し、図2aと 2bに示すプッシュロッド60を収容する。 図3bと3cに最もよく示すように、固定ジョー402の末端部406はシャ ンク部408に対して約15度曲げられている。しかし、先端作動部がチューブ 15に対して異なる方向に曲げられている場合や全く曲げられていない関節鏡下 手術器具にも本発明は適用できることは明らかである。 図3bと3cは末端の鼻部407を示し、これは基端側の開口部形成用壁43 2cと境界をなしている。本発明の好適な例によれば、開口部420を形成する 壁432cは凹面としてある。この壁432cの凹面は図3cに示すように可動 ジョー404の回転軸CRからの半径Rによって定義され、後に詳細に説明する 切断作用を促進する。 図3d−3gに最もよく示すように、溝422の底部は図2aと2bに示すよ うにプッシュロッド60を収容するために開放されている。しかし、必要ならば 、絶縁性の収縮被覆20を上記開口部の少なくとも一部上に延在させてもよい。 図4a−4fに可動ジョー404が詳細に示されている。この可動ジョー40 4はシャンク部426と末端部436を備えている。シャンク部は末端部よりも 幾分狭く、固定ジョー402のアーチ状フランジ414a、414と連れ合うア ーチ状の溝412a、412bと、プッシュロッドピン430を収容する貫通孔 418とを備えている(図2aおよび2b)。末端部436はシャンク部よりも 幾分広いが、固定ジョー402の内側開口部420にぴったりと合うように十分 小さくしてある。末端部にはナイフ状の端部416a、416bが設けてあり、 先細りの肩部428a、428bによりシャンク部426に連結されている。し かしながら、本発明は、シャンク部が末端部と同一の幅またはそれよりも広い幅 を有する関節鏡下手術器具にも適用できることは明らかである。 図4bおよび4cに最もよく示されるように、可動ジョー404のナイフ状端 部416a、416bは複数のギザギザ419a、419b、419c・・・を 備えている。このギザギザは歯例えば417a−417bとその歯の間に位置す る窪み例えば421a−421dを形成している。図4bおよび4cに示すよう に、このギザギザは互いに約90度の角度をもって切られている(好適な実施例 では、窪み421aは実際上104度、窪み421bと421cは90度を形成 している)。しかし、所定半径のかぎ状ギザギザ(窪み421dのようなもの) も利用可能である。本発明の好適な例によれば、歯417a−417dおよび窪 み421a−421dは図4eに示すように端部416aと416bとの間で凹 面となっている。可動ジョー404の歯417a−417dと窪み421a、4 21dの凹面と(ナイフ状のギザギザ端部416a)416bを形成する)、固 定ジョー402の開口部形成用壁432a、432bの鋭い上端部433a、4 33bとで、固定ジョーの開口部430に可動ジョーを回転して入れた時に生ず る切断作用は、2組の互いに接触する2つの鋭い面を備えた(2重)鋏のようで ある。 歯が凹面としてあるので、関節鏡下手術器具の末端部では、最も末端側の歯4 17dの切断端部416aと416bが、鋭い上端部433cとを接する凹状の 歯417dの残りの部分より先に固定ジョー402の鋭い上端部433a、43 3bと接触する。しかしながら、可動ジョー404が閉鎖するにつれて、切断は 凹状の歯417dと壁432cの上端部433cに沿って継続して行われる。こ の切断は、固定ジョー402の鼻部407が凹状壁432cを備えていることか ら確実に行われる。この凹状壁432cは、末端の凹状歯417dが開口部42 0に回転して入る際に、壁432cと末端歯417dとの間に材料が割り込むの を防止する。 本発明の別の例によれば、可動ジョー404の凹状歯と窪みは後方切断効果が 得られるように窪みが十分深く形成されている。特に、可動ジョー404が固定 ジョー402中に閉じる際に、可動ジョー404におけるナイフ状端部416a 、416bの歯417の頂点が、この頂点のすぐ基部側の点よりも以前に固定ジ ョーの鋭い上部切断端部433a、433bと接触する(図2cの符号499参 照)。換言すれば、ジョーが閉鎖する際に、まず始めに1つの切断点が形成され 、これは窪みに沿って末端に向かって移動する。切断点が窪みの天底に到達する 前に、次の末端部切断歯417が切断端433a、433bと係合し、2つの切 断接触点が形成される。最初の切断接触点は末端側に移動する点の続きである。 第2の切断点は第2の末端側切断歯の基部側に移動し窪みの天底に進む。この第 2の切断点は歯の深さと角度により生じ、これが後方切断を実行する。 図5a−5dは、本発明に係る関節鏡下手術器具に用いられる好適なプッシュ ロッド60の実施例を示す。円筒状プッシュロッドの末端部65には平坦化され た板状の終端部122が設けてあり、これは図5bに示すようにプッシュロッド 60の長手方向軸から鍛造または圧縮で変形して作られる。この終端部120に は、上述のように先端作動部に係合する1以上の貫通孔120が設けてある。本 発明によれば、プッシュロッド60にはまた強度を弱くした脆弱部(壊れ易い部 分)60aが設けてあり、これは図5aと5bと示すように実質的に半円形のサ イドカット60b、60cを有する平坦化された部分である。プッシュロッドの 平坦化された部分の実質的半円形のサイドカットにより製造時における耐久性が 保証されると共に一貫した脆弱リンクが得られる。サイドカット60b、60c は、プッシュロッド60の耐久時間が脆弱リンク部60dに依存する大きさとし てある。プッシュロッド60における部分60dの強度および壊れ易さはこの平 坦化された部分60aの厚さとサイドカット60b、60cの大きさにより調整 することができる。本発明によれば、脆弱リンク部は、先端作動部または末端部 リンクが壊れる前にそれが壊れるような引張強度を有するようにすべきである。 この目的を促進するために、プッシュロッド60は、終局引張強度−150,0 00/180,000psi、硬度RC33−37に処理されたカーペンタ・テ クノロジーズ・カスタム455 ステンレス鋼処理で製造されている。プッシュ ロッドは次に100度Fで2時間時効硬化し、保護雰囲気内で冷却され、終局引 張強度210,000/250,000psi、硬度RC44−50となる。プ ッシュロッド60の径は一般に0.61インチである。平坦化された脆弱部分6 0aは一般に厚さ約0.30インチ、高さ約0.10インチであり、プッシュロ ッド60の直径よりも僅かに大きい。サイドカット60b、60cは約0.04 インチの半径を有する半円形カットであり、脆弱リンク部60dは約0.02イ ンチの最小高さとしてある。プッシュロッド60における末端部65の平坦化さ れた板状の終端部122は一般に約0.30インチの厚さ、約0.61インチの 高さを有し、プッシュロッドの長手方向軸から約0.09インチだけオフセット している。貫通孔120は一般に約0.33インチの径を有し、部分122の末 端部から0.21インチの所に中心を位置している。上記寸法及び材料により、 プッシュロッドは約110ポンドの引張強度を有する。 以上の記載から明らかなように、プッシュロッド60の軸方向移動により、ジ ョーが開放及び閉鎖する。また、ジョーの操作中に最も弱いリンクがプッシュロ ッドの脆弱リンク60dである。したがって、堅い骨組織を切断する場合、プッ シュロッドを介してあまりに大きな力が加えられると、先端作動部の部分が壊れ る前に脆弱リンクが壊れ、これにより切開部に異物が偶発的に付着するのが防止 される。 これまで関節鏡下手術器具を記載し説明してきた。本発明の特定の実施例を説 明したが、本発明はそれに限定されるものでなく、発明は範囲が広く、明細書は そのように解釈される。したがって、特定の先端作動部を説明したが、その他の 先端作動部も本発明の壊れ易いリンクや焼灼例と共に用いることができるのは明 らかである。また、鋏状のパンチ用先端作動部をアーチ状溝を有する可動ジョー とアーチ状フランジを有する固定ジョーと共に示したが、フランジと溝は置き換 えてもよいし、その他の機構を用いてもよく、その場合でも同様の結果が得られ る。さらに、特定のリンケージ手段を示したが、プッシュロッドを先端作動部に 連結して同一の結果を得るためにその他の形式のリンケージ手段を使用してもよ い。さらにまた、本発明に係る関節鏡下手術器具のジョーに関して特定の詳細を 提案したが、それに対して例えば歯の数や角度などの変更を加えてもよい。同様 に、壊れ易いリンクやその他の関節鏡下手術器具要素に関して特定の設計寸法や 材料を開示したが、その他の寸法や材料を利用してもよい。したがって、クレー ムされた発明の思想及び範囲を逸脱することなく、種々の改良を発明に加えても よいことは当業者にとって明らかである。
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (81)指定国 EP(AT,BE,CH,DE, DK,ES,FR,GB,GR,IE,IT,LU,M C,NL,PT,SE),OA(BF,BJ,CF,CG ,CI,CM,GA,GN,ML,MR,NE,SN, TD,TG),AP(KE,MW,SD),AM,AT, AU,BB,BG,BR,BY,CA,CH,CN,C Z,DE,DK,ES,FI,GB,GE,HU,JP ,KE,KG,KP,KR,KZ,LK,LT,LU, LV,MD,MG,MN,MW,NL,NO,NZ,P L,PT,RO,RU,SD,SE,SI,SK,TJ ,TT,UA,US,UZ,VN (72)発明者 クラッチ、ピーター アメリカ合衆国、33323、フロリダ州、サ ンライズ、ノースウェスト・フィフティー ンス・ストリート 12669番 【要約の続き】 がジョーに焼灼電流を供給するために設けてある。

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 1.(a)基端部と末端部とを有する中空チューブと、 (b)上記中空チューブの末端部に連結された固定ジョーと、 (c)上記固定ジョーに対して回転する可動ジョーと、 (d)上記可動ジョーを動作するために可動ジョーに連結されると共に中空チュ ーブの基端部に連結された操作手段とを有し、 上記固定ジョーには可動ジョーを収容するための開口部を形成する一対の間隔 を置いた側壁が設けられ、上記側壁は第1の鋭い端部を有し、上記可動ジョーに は一対の間隔を置いた第2の鋭い端部がこれら第2の鋭い端部間に凹状内面を具 備して設けてあり、上記可動ジョーが固定ジョーに対して回転すると、上記第1 の鋭い端部と第2の鋭い端部が鋏のような切断作用を行うようにした関節鏡下手 術器具。 2.上記固定ジョーの外側の側壁は先細にしてある請求項1の関節鏡下手術器具 。 3.上記固定ジョーの先細にした外側の側壁は実質的に断面三角形をしている請 求項2の関節鏡下手術器具。 4.上記末端部の壁が先細にしてある請求項3の関節鏡下手術器具。 5.上記固定ジョーの側壁のそれぞれが内面と外面を有し、これら内面と外面は これらの間に鋭角に形成された第1の鋭い端部で出会うようにしてある請求項1 の関節鏡下手術器具。 6.上記可動ジョーは回転軸を中心に回転し、上記固定ジョーは上記開口部を形 成する末端壁を有し、上記末端壁は上記回転軸からの半径により定義される凹面 を有する内面を備えている請求項1の関節鏡下手術器具。 7.上記可動ジョーの第2の鋭い端部がそれぞれ歯と窪みを形成するようにギザ ギザに形成され、上記第2の鋭い端部の第1の歯と窪みは上記凹状内壁により第 2の鋭い端部の第2の歯と窪みに連結されている請求項1の関節鏡下手術器具。 8.上記固定ジョーは上記開口部を形成する末端壁を有し、上記末端壁と上記歯 の末端が、上記凹状内面と共同して、切断端を形成する上記歯の上記末端に連結 される請求項7の関節鏡下手術器具。 9.上記可動ジョーが回転軸を中心に回転し、上記固定ジョーの末端壁が上記回 転軸からの半径により定義される凹面を有する内面を備えている請求項8の関節 鏡下手術器具。 10.上記第1の鋭い端部が所定の平面に沿って存在し、上記窪みは、上記歯の 少なくとも一つの歯の頂点が該頂点の基端側にある歯の表面が上記平面に到達す る前に上記平面に到達するように十分に深く切られ、これにより後方切断が行わ れるようにした請求項7の関節鏡下手術器具。 11.上記歯の少なくとも一つがかぎ状である請求項7の関節鏡下手術器具。 12.上記歯の少なくとも一つが三角形でほぼ90度の角度を形成している請求 項7の関節鏡下手術器具。 13.上記操作手段がプッシュロッドに連結されたレバーを有し、上記プッシュ ロッドが上記可動ジョーに連結されて一体の壊れ易いリンクを有する請求項1の 関節鏡下手術器具。 14.上記壊れ易いリンクが上記プッシュロッドの平坦部からなり、一対の実質 的に半円形のサイドカットが上記平坦部に設けてある請求項13の関節鏡下手術 器具。 15.上記作動手段の非導電部を介して延在し上記中空チューブに連結され、上 記中空チューブを介して焼灼電流を上記固定ジョーに供給する電気接続手段と、 上記中空チューブの外面を覆う絶縁手段とを備えた請求項1の関節鏡下手術器具 。 16.(a)基端部と末端部とを有する中空チューブと、 (b)上記中空チューブの末端部に連結された固定ジョーと、 (c)上記固定ジョーに対して回転する可動ジョーと、 (d)上記可動ジョーを動作させるために上記可動ジョーに連結され、上記中空 チューブの基端部に連結され、非導電部を有する操作手段と、 (e)上記中空チューブの非導電部を介して延在し、上記中空チューブを介して 焼灼電流を上記固定ジョーに供給するために上記中空チューブに連結された電気 接続手段と、 (f)上記中空チューブの外面を覆う絶縁手段と、 を備えた関節鏡下手術器具。 17.上記操作手段が非導電性レバーとプッシュロッドとを有し、上記プッシュ ロッドは上記可動ジョーに連結されている請求項16の関節鏡下手術器具。 18.(a)基端部と末端部とを有する中空チューブと、 (b)上記中空チューブの末端部に連結された第1の強度の先端作動手段と、 (c)上記先端作動部材を作動するために上記中空チューブに連結された操作手 段とを有し、 上記操作手段は、レバーと実質的に円筒状のプッシュロッドとを有し、上該プ ッシュロッドは上記レバーに連結する長手方向軸を有し、かつ、プッシュロッド 長手方向軸に実質的に平行に平坦化された壊れ易いリンク部を有すると共に、強 度を低下する一対のサイドカットを含み、 上記プッシュロッドは該プッシュロッドを上記先端作動手段に連結するために 第2の強度の連結手段を備え、 上記壊れ易いリンクは上記第1と第2の強度よりも弱い第3の強度を有し、 上記操作手段により上記プッシュロッドを介して先端作動手段に加えられる力 を作用させると、上記先端作動手段又は上記連結手段が壊れる前に上記プッシュ ロッドの壊れ易いリンク部が壊れるようにした関節鏡下手術器具。 19.上記サイドカットが実質的に半円形である請求項18の関節鏡下手術器具 。 20.上記先端作動手段が、上記中空チューブの末端部に連結された固定ジョー と、上記連結手段に連結されかつ上記固定ジョーに対して回転する可動ジョーを 備えている請求項19の関節鏡下手術器具。 21.上記固定ジョーには上記可動ジョーに係合するために第1のアーチ状係合 面が設けられ、上記可動ジョーには上記第1のアーチ状係合面と係合するために 第2のアーチ状係合面が設けられ、上記固定ジョーには上記プッシュロッドを収 容する貫通孔が設けられ、上記連結手段が上記可動ジョーを上記プッシュロッド に連結するピンを備えている請求項20の関節鏡下手術器具。 22.(a)基端部と末端部とを有する中空チューブと、 (b)上記チューブの末端部に連結され、開口部を形成する一対の側壁と末端部 壁とを有し、上記末端壁が凹状内面を有する固定ジョーと、 (c)上記操作手段に連結され、上記固定ジョーに対して回転軸を中心に回転し 、上記開口部で回転すると共に、上記末端部の凹状面が回転軸からの半径で定義 され、上記可動ジョーが上記開口部で回転すると、末端部が上記凹状内面に係合 する可動ジョーと、 (d)上記固定ジョーに対して上記可動ジョーを回転するために、上記チューブ の上記基端部に連結されると共に上記可動ジョーに連結された操作手段と、 を備えた関節鏡下手術器具。 23.上記操作手段が、レバーと、該レバーと上記可動ジョーに連結されたプッ シュロッドとを有し、上記レバーの動作によりプッシュロッドが動作し、これに より上記可動ジョーが回転軸を中心に動作するようにした請求項22の関節鏡下 手術器具。
JP7506079A 1993-08-03 1994-08-03 関節鏡下手術器具 Pending JPH09501081A (ja)

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US08/101,190 US5389104A (en) 1992-11-18 1993-08-03 Arthroscopic surgical instruments
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PCT/US1994/008908 WO1995003741A2 (en) 1993-08-03 1994-08-03 Arthroscopic surgical instruments

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AT (1) ATE201578T1 (ja)
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US5389104A (en) 1995-02-14
EP1066799A2 (en) 2001-01-10
WO1995003741A3 (en) 1995-03-16
WO1995003741A2 (en) 1995-02-09
EP0715504B1 (en) 2001-05-30
ATE201578T1 (de) 2001-06-15
EP0715504A1 (en) 1996-06-12
AU675577B2 (en) 1997-02-06
DE69427359D1 (de) 2001-07-05
CA2168744A1 (en) 1995-02-09
AU7557194A (en) 1995-02-28

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