JPH0965780A - Dripping irrigation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dripping irrigation apparatus capable of preventing the shortage of raw water for irrigation and enabling the performance of constant dripping irrigation even in the case where the bottom surface of the water passage of a trough itself has undulation. SOLUTION: This dripping irrigation apparatus 1 has the following structure and mechanism. At least a part of a water-impermeable trough body 2, which has a water passage 4 for irrigation water, is buried in the soil. The upper part of the trough body 2 is covered with a translucent lid 3. The irrigation water in the water passage 4 is warmed up by solar heat and the density of water vapor in a space under the lid is increased and the water vapor is condensed on the inside surface of the lid 3 to form water drops. The water drops are led outside from the inner surface of the lid and allowed to penetrate into the soil to supply water to roots of a plant. A water guiding material 10 for guiding irrigation water by capillary action is placed on the water passage 4 of the trough 2. The irrigation water-guiding material 10 is preferably water- absorbing woven cloth or nonwoven cloth sheet or a water-absorbing open-cell foam.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a drip irrigation system, and more particularly to a drip irrigation system capable of performing irrigation without interruption of water even on a slope.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, while the population of the world has been rapidly increasing, the amount of crops produced per unit has reached a ceiling, and it is expected that food problems will become a major issue in the future.

In order to increase the yield of agricultural products, it is necessary to expand the cultivated land, but it is considered that the conditions of land to be cultivated in the future will be severe for agriculture.

[0004] For example, slash-and-burn agriculture by deforestation in a rainy area is not preferable because the air cleaning function is deteriorated, especially the carbon dioxide concentration decreasing function is impaired.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to find the land for future development in barren land in the rainy region. Irrigation is required for farming in the rainy region. For irrigation, a method is generally adopted in which water is irrigated from a reservoir through a canal or a gutter to cultivated land.

However, this method consumes a large amount of water, and it is difficult to secure water in a rainy region. Also, in deserted barren soil, the content of salt in the soil is high, so if a large amount of water is irrigated, the water that has penetrated into the soil will dissolve the salt, and the water with dissolved salt will dry the ground surface. Along with it, it rises to the ground surface by capillarity and evaporates. For this reason, salt concentration is concentrated on the ground surface, resulting in salt damage, which makes agriculture impossible.

[0007] Therefore, the inventor of the present invention has earnestly studied a drip irrigation method which has a high water use efficiency and enables irrigation with a small amount of water, and can be used as irrigation even for water having a high dissolved salt content. An impermeable gutter having a flow channel for raw irrigation water and a permeable lid covering the upper part of the gutter were provided, and a gap was provided between the upper end of the edge of the lid and the lid. We developed a drip irrigation system and proposed it as Japanese Patent Application No. 7-159887.

[0008]

However, in the previously proposed drip irrigation system, when the gutter body is installed on the undulating land, the high position part of the gutter body is drought and irrigation becomes impossible. In reality, it is not technically and economically easy to flatten the water so that it will stay in the entire flow channel of the gutter itself.
There was a risk of undulations on the running water surface of the gutter itself.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a drip irrigation system capable of performing drip irrigation at all times by preventing drought of the raw water for irrigation even if the running water surface of the gutter itself is uneven. .

[0010]

The inventors of the present invention have achieved the present invention as a result of earnest studies to achieve the above object, and the drip irrigation system according to the present invention is a flowing water channel for irrigation. At least a part of the impermeable gutter having the above is buried in the soil, the upper part of the gutter is covered with a translucent lid, and the raw water for irrigation existing in the running channel is heated by solar heat. While increasing the water vapor density in the space below the lid, the water vapor is condensed on the inner surface of the lid to form water droplets, and the water droplets are guided from the inner surface of the lid to the outside to penetrate into the soil. A drip irrigation device for replenishing water to the roots of plants, characterized in that a raw water irrigation material for irrigation for guiding irrigation by a capillary action is provided in the running channel of the gutter body.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the irrigation raw water induction material is a water absorbent woven or non-woven sheet, and the irrigation raw water induction material is a water absorbent continuous foam.

In a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the water-absorbing continuous foam contains an inorganic filler in a soft urethane foam, a hard urethane foam, a phenol resin foam, a urea foam, hay and rubber. It is at least one kind selected from the sponges.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of the drip irrigation apparatus of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is a drip irrigation apparatus, and the drip irrigation apparatus 1 comprises a gutter body 2 and a lid 3. To do.

The trough body 2 is a concave long body, and a flowing water channel 4 is formed at the center thereof. In the illustrated embodiment, ribs 6, 6 are provided on the upper end of the outer wall 5 of the gutter body 2 so as to project outward.

As the material for the gutter body 2, any material having water impermeability and water resistance can be used, but in general, metal, concrete, pottery, ceramic,
Plastic or the like is used, and as the plastic, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, high density polyethylene, polypropylene or the like can be used.

Further, it is preferable that at least the inner surface of the gutter body 2 is colored in a color having good absorption of sunlight, generally black.

Further, it is preferable that the outer circumference of the gutter body 2 is thermally insulated, and a heat insulating member can be additionally provided on the outer circumference.

On the other hand, the lid 3 covers the top of the gutter 2 and is made of a translucent material. As a material having a light-transmitting property, plastic is preferable, and it is manufactured from polyvinyl chloride, polyester, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, or the like. In this embodiment, engaging portions 9 having steps 8 that bulge inward are formed on both sides of the hemispherical canopy portion 7 (lid body 3).

In order to prevent water from adhering to the inner surface 17 of the lid 3 in the form of water droplets and reducing the transmission of sunlight, the lid 3
It is preferable to impart antifogging property to the inner surface 17 of the. The antifogging property can be imparted by adding a surfactant represented by a partial ester compound of a polyhydric alcohol (eg sorbitol, glycerin, pentaerythritol, etc.) to the plastic for molding a lid. . Further, a surfactant may be applied to the inner surface 17 of the lid body 3, and it is particularly preferable to coat a surface coating type non-drip agent containing an inorganic hydrophilic colloid substance and a hydrophilic organic compound as main components. Examples of inorganic hydrophilic colloid materials include:
Colloidal silica, colloidal alumina, colloidal
Fe (OH) ₂ , colloidal Sn (OH) ₄ , colloidal TiO ₂ , colloidal BaSO ₄ , colloidal lithium silicate and the like can be mentioned. Particularly preferred materials are colloidal silica and colloidal alumina. Examples of hydrophilic organic compounds include various surfactants (nonionic, anionic, cationic) and hydroxyl group-containing vinyl monomer components as main components, and acid group-containing vinyl monomer components at 0.1%.
Copolymers or partially or completely neutralized products thereof containing up to 40% by weight and sulfonic acid group-containing polyester resins can be mentioned.

In FIG. 1, 10 is a raw water irrigation material for irrigation which induces irrigation in the flow channel 4 of the trough 2 by a capillary action.

The raw water inducing material 10 for irrigation may be made of a water-absorbent woven or non-woven sheet, for example, a water-absorbent woven or non-woven sheet made of a synthetic resin having high corrosion resistance such as polyester or polyamide. Further, polyethylene, polypropylene fibers or the like whose surface is hydrophilically treated can also be used.

It is also preferable to use a water-absorbing open-cell foam as the raw water irrigation material 10. As the water-absorbing open-cell foam, one kind is selected from a soft urethane foam, a hard urethane foam, a phenol resin foam, a urea foam, hay and a sponge containing rubber and an inorganic filler. It may have a layered structure, or may have a multilayered structure of two or more layers by selecting two or more kinds. Further, the water-absorbent woven or non-woven fabric sheet and the water-absorbent continuous foam can be used in combination.

The wall thickness of the raw material for irrigation water induction 10 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.5 to 20 mm.

Next, in order to construct the drip irrigation system 1, the ends of the plurality of gutters 2 and 2 are closely connected to each other to form a long gutter, and as shown in FIG. Is buried along the ridge 11 of the cultivated land, and the lid 3 is put on the upper part thereof.

In order to tightly connect the ends of the plurality of gutters 2 and 2, the ends of the plurality of gutters 2 and 2 are butted to each other and fused or bonded with the same kind of resin or another hot melt agent. However, it is also possible to connect the ends by using a tape to prevent water leakage.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a transparent film 12 is stretched over the lid 3 in order to maintain the watertightness of the lid connecting portion and guide condensed water into the soil. Both sides of the elastic film 12 are buried in the soil.

A mulch film 13 or a soil cover block 20 is laid on the ridges 11, and a crop 14 is planted in a vegetation hole of the mulch film 13 or in a gap between the soil cover blocks 20.

When raw water (for example, irrigation raw water) is passed from one end of the running water channel 4 of the gutter 2 of the drip irrigation system 1 shown in FIG. 5, the raw water has undulations as shown in FIG. In this case, raw water exists in the running water channel 4 at point A (raw water exists above the irrigation raw water inducer 10), and the same applies at point B. However, at point C, the raw water cannot flow through the running channel, and there is no raw water above the irrigation raw water guide material 10.

However, in such a case, the raw water irrigation material 10 of the present invention functions effectively. That is, raw water induction material for irrigation
No. 10 can send raw water for irrigation at point B to the terminal side by the capillary action. Therefore, the raw water for irrigation exists on the terminal side from point C.

This raw water for irrigation is warmed by the sunlight 15 which is irradiated. Since the running water channel 4 has a greenhouse shape as a result of the gutter body 2 and the lid body 3, the temperature becomes high, and the vapor partial pressure becomes high due to the vaporized vapor. Since the upper lid 3 is in contact with the outside air, the temperature is lower than that of the greenhouse space above the flowing water channel 4. Therefore, when the water vapor in the greenhouse space comes into contact with the back surface of the upper lid body 3, it condenses and forms water droplets 16, 16. The formed water droplets 16, 16 flow downward along the back surface 17 of the lid 3, pass through the gap 19 formed between the upper edge portion 18 of the gutter body 2 and the back surface 17 of the lid 3, and the ridge 11 Is irrigated.

The soil cover block 20 shown in FIG. 2 is made of a heavy body such as concrete or brick. When placed on the mulch film 13 as shown on the right side of the figure, the mulch film 13 is prevented from being blown off in strong wind. In addition, as shown in the left side of the figure, even if it is laid directly on the ridges 11, the same anti-drying effect as the mulch film can be exerted. As the soil cover block 20, it is possible to use the soil cover block described in the specification and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 7-158579, but when using a brick block, as shown on the right side of the figure from the viewpoint of retaining water. In addition, it is preferable to lay it on the mulch film 13.

In the present invention, the shape of the gutter body 2 is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 1, but may be any shape as long as it has the flowing water channel 4 in the central portion, for example, as shown in FIG. Alternatively, although not shown, a semicircular curved shape may be used. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a groove corresponding to the shape of the gutter is previously dug between the ridges, and a resin film is formed on the groove.
21 may be laid to form a gutter body, and rod bodies 22 and 22 may be provided along the upper edge portions on both sides of the gutter body 2, and if necessary, a plurality of connecting members 23 may be provided between the rod bodies 22 and 22. it can.

In the present invention, a plurality of running water channels 4 may be formed, and raw water may flow in the plurality of flow paths in the same direction or in the opposite direction.

Further, the shapes of the gutter body and the lid body are not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and those described in the specification or the drawings attached to Japanese Patent Application No. 7-206488 can be used.

[0036]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a drip irrigation system which can prevent drip irrigation water from running out and can always perform drip irrigation even if the flow channel surface of the gutter itself is uneven. it can.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of a drip irrigation device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an example of use of the drip irrigation device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the undulating state of a running water channel and the existing state of raw water.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another example of the gutter body.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Drip irrigation device 2: Trough body 3: Lid body 4: Flowing channel 5: Outer wall 6: Rib 7: Canopy portion 8: Step 9: Engagement portion 10: Raw water induction material for irrigation 11: Ridge 12: Transparent film 13: mulch film 14: crop 15: sunlight 16: water drop 17: back surface 18: edge upper end 19: gap 20: block 21: resin film 22: rod 23: connecting material

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An at least part of a water-impermeable trough having a running water channel for irrigation is buried in soil, and an upper part of the trough is covered with a translucent lid so that it exists in the running channel. The temperature of the raw water for irrigation is raised by solar heat to increase the water vapor density in the space below the lid, and the water vapor is condensed on the inner surface of the lid to form water droplets, and the water droplets are formed from the inner surface of the lid. A drip irrigation device that guides water to the outside by infiltrating it into the soil to replenish water to the roots of the plant. Characteristic drip irrigation device. 2. The drip irrigation system according to claim 1, wherein the raw water inducing material for irrigation is a water absorbent woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric sheet. 3. The drip irrigation system according to claim 1, wherein the raw water irrigation material for irrigation is a water-absorbing continuous foam. 4. The water-absorbing continuous foam is at least one selected from a soft urethane foam, a hard urethane foam, a phenol resin foam, a urea foam, hay and a sponge containing rubber and an inorganic filler. The drip irrigation device according to claim 3, wherein