JPH0975011A - Feed composition and its feeding - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a feed additive applicable to various cattle breeds such as Japanese Black Cattle, Holstein and F1, capable of producing high-quality beef using an inexpensive material having high nutritive value and achieving the highest fattening effect and to provide a method for feeding the feed. SOLUTION: This feed composition is produced by compounding (A) 0.1-10wt.% of a fatty acid calcium salt prepared from fatty acids containing 2-60wt.% of linolic acid and 1-30wt.% of linolenic acid and (B) 0.1-10wt.% of one or more phosphorus compounds selected from among phospholipid, inorganic phosphate and phosphoric acid ester. The feed composition may be compounded with 10-75wt.% of hay of gramineous plant.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a feed composition having a meat quality improving effect on beef and a feeding method thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a feed composition capable of producing beef with a higher added value by enhancing the meat quality such as the degree of marbling of beef, the color of fat, and the color of meat, and a feeding method thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art With the liberalization of agricultural products, cheap beef has come to be imported, which is extremely difficult for domestic fattening and breeding farmers. These farmers are working hard to survive this competition by improving the quality of domestic cattle and reducing the price by increasing the efficiency of fattening. The meat quality of beef is graded according to indicators such as meat color, degree of marbling, and fat color. Conventionally, it has been considered that these meat qualities are particularly controlled by genetic strains, and therefore attempts have been made to improve the meat qualities mainly by breeding techniques. Therefore, research to improve meat quality by the type of feed, feeding method, etc. using nutritional techniques has not been active. As a result, individual farmers often establish techniques through various trial and error, and there is no widely generalized method at present. In recent years, rumen bypass fatty acid calcium has been developed and widely used worldwide mainly for the purpose of supplying energy to high-yielding cows. This fatty acid calcium can supply fatty acid, which is an excellent energy source, without disturbing rumen fermentation and at the same time without impairing the homeostasis of rumen function, so it is an efficient energy source for high-producing milk cows that produce large amounts of milk. Has become essential. Recently, attention has been paid to the characteristics of this fatty acid calcium, and attempts have been made to apply it to beef cattle breeding, fattening, and breeding. For example, a report that meat quality grade was improved by using fatty acid calcium derived from palm oil (1
1992, Japan Society of Animal Husbandry Lectures, 32 pages, 1992
FY2007 Okinawa Livestock Research Institute research report, p. 47), also improving the efficiency of calf weight gain by feeding palm oil fatty acid calcium (19)
1994, 88th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Animal Science, page 26), a method of improving the meat quality grade by feeding fatty acid calcium containing palmitoleic acid and oleic acid as main components (JP-A-6-22704), etc. Has been done.

[0003]

As described above, there are few studies on nutritionally improving meat quality, and the general feed system for beef cattle is not well established. This is far behind the milk quality of the cow and its product. Therefore, detailed research is needed on what is meat quality, what is its formation mechanism, and the relationship between meat quality and nutrition. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to various varieties such as Japanese Black cattle, Holstein, and F1, and can produce high-quality beef by using inexpensive and highly nutritive materials, and an efficient feed composition with the maximum weight gain effect. And its salary method.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems As one of the applications of oils and fats, the present inventors have studied the use of rumen bypass fatty acid calcium as a feed for dairy cows. Further, as a result of extensive studies aimed at developing for beef cattle, the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention is linoleic acid 2-6
0.1 to 10% by weight of fatty acid calcium produced from a fatty acid containing 0% by weight and 1 to 30% by weight of linolenic acid, and one or more phosphorus selected from phospholipids, inorganic phosphates, and phosphate esters. A feed composition comprising 0.1 to 10% by weight of a compound, further a feed composition comprising 10 to 75% by weight of grass of the family Gramineae and the feed thereof. Is the way.

[0005]

The fatty acid calcium used in the present invention contains 2 to 60% by weight of linoleic acid and 1 to 3 of linolenic acid.
Synthesized from fatty acids containing 0% by weight. Preferably, linoleic acid is in the range of 5 to 55% by weight and linolenic acid is in the range of 3 to 25% by weight. Animal origin if this composition is satisfied,
Any fatty acid derived from a plant may be used. Further, the composition may be adjusted by mixing a specific fatty acid. The method for synthesizing the fatty acid calcium is not particularly limited, and the fatty acid calcium can be synthesized by a conventional method. (See, for example, Toshiyuki Yoshida et al., Properties and Applications of Metal Soap, p11-19, Koshobo, 1988)
Further, the shape may be powder or may be pelletized to an appropriate size. These fatty acid calciums are added to the feed composition in a proportion of 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 7% by weight. If it is less than 0.1% by weight, effects such as improvement of meat color, fat color and marbling and increase of carcass weight do not appear, and if it exceeds 10% by weight, energy becomes excessive and causes various harmful effects.

The phosphorus compounds used in the present invention are phospholipids such as soybean lecithin, egg yolk lecithin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid; monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate. Inorganic phosphates such as dipotassium phosphate; phosphate esters with alcohols such as oleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and polyethylene glycol. One or more phosphorus compounds selected from them are mixed and used in the range of 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 7% by weight, based on the feed composition. If it is less than 0.1% by weight, effects such as improvement of meat color, fat color and marbling, increase of carcass weight and the like do not appear, and even if it is used over 10%, these effects are not observed. These phosphorus-based compounds are mixed by mixing fatty acid calcium and other components with phosphorus-based compounds to dissolve or mix the used fatty acids and phosphorus-based compounds, and then synthesize fatty acid calcium to synthesize the used fatty acid calcium and phosphorus-based compounds. After mixing, there is a method of pelletizing and using. The grasses used in the present invention include rice straw, timothy hay and Italian grass hay. These hay are not limited, but can be used as long as they have a quality for commercial feed. These grass hays are usually cut into pieces having a length of 2 to 8 cm in order to enhance digestibility. It is preferable that these grass hay are fed continuously throughout the entire fattening period. This grass hay is used in the range of 10 to 75% by weight based on the feed composition. As the other feed components used in the present invention, commercially available products can be used as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.

The feed amount of the feed composition thus obtained varies depending on the age, type and health condition of the cow, but it is from 1 to 1
The range is 5 kg / day / head. As for the feeding method, it is generally established that the concept of designing the feed by dividing the fattening of beef cattle into three stages of the early fattening period, the middle fattening period and the late fattening period is established. The feeding period of the feed composition used in the present invention is from the early period of fattening (from 6 months after birth) to the end of the medium period of fattening immediately after the calf is weaned. This mid-term end of fattening refers to the case of Japanese Black Cattle and is 20 after birth.
About 28 months from birth, in the case of castrated Holstein, 1
It is said that it takes about 2 to 18 months, and about 20 to 24 months in F1, but the end of this period is decided by individual judgment according to factors such as the degree of growth of each cow and the health condition. If the start of feeding is earlier than that of the fattening period, calves are liable to suffer indigestion and become unhealthy, which is not preferable. Also, if you continue to feed after the middle of fattening, the meat color (BC
It is not preferable because S) becomes black and the carcass meat quality evaluation deteriorates. After finishing the feeding period of the above feed composition, the general feed is fed.

[0008]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to synthesis examples, production examples and examples. In addition,% in the examples is% by weight. Synthetic Examples 1 to 5 21 kg of calcium hydroxide powder was dispersed in 500 kg of water, and each of the fatty acids having the composition shown in Table 1 was stirred while stirring.
A neutralization reaction was carried out by dropping 0 kg each. After aging for 1 hour, the solid portion was taken out by centrifugation and dried at 80 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain about 120 kg of fatty acid calcium. The fatty acid calcium thus obtained was used in Synthesis Examples 1, 2, 3 and
It was set to 4, 5.

[0009]

[Table 1]

Production Example 1 A feed composition for Japanese Black cattle was prepared by mixing the fatty acid calciums of Synthesis Examples 1 to 5 so as to have the composition shown below. The obtained feed compositions were designated as concentrated feeds A, B, C, D and E, respectively. ──────────────────── <Compound of concentrated feed for Japanese Black Cattle> ──────────────────── Corn 24% Soybean meal 20% Clover hay 10% Wheat stem 5% Hay beer meal 10% Fatty acid calcium 15% Phosphatidylcholine 15% Vitamin / mineral additive 1% ──────────────── ─────

Production Example 2 A feed composition for castrated holstein was prepared by blending the fatty acid calciums of Synthesis Examples 1 to 5 so as to have the compositions shown below. The obtained feed compositions were designated as concentrated feeds F, G, H, I and J, respectively. ──────────────────── <Casting Holstein concentrate concentrate> ──────────────────── Corn 43% Corn silage 41% Sugar-contained 2% Soybean meal 5% Fatty acid calcium 4% Monooleyl phosphate 4% Vitamin / mineral additive 1% ─────────────────── ──

Production Example 3 A feed composition for F1 was prepared by using each of the fatty acid calciums of Synthesis Examples 1 to 5 and compounding them so as to have the composition shown below. The obtained feed composition was concentrated feed K,
L, M, N, and O. ──────────────────── <F1 concentrated feed formulation> ──────────────────── Maize 42 % Corn silage 38% Sugar-contained 2% Soybean meal 5% Fatty acid calcium 6% Inorganic phosphoric acid 6% Vitamin / mineral additive 1% ─────────────────────

Example 1 40 6-month-old Japanese Black cattle were divided into 8 groups of 5 heads each. These cattle were fattened by ligation for each individual. Each group was fed with the feed composition in the manner shown in Table 2.
After 28 months (late fattening period), the following feed composition was continuously fed with rice straw that was chopped into 10 to 12 kg / head / day and 2 to 8 cm. After slaughter at the age of 34 months, the carcasses were evaluated according to the standards of the Japan Meat Grading Association. (For example, refer to "Beef / Pork Carcass, Beef / Pork Part Meat Trading Standards Manual", Japan Meat Rating Association, 1989 edition). The results are shown in Table 3. ────────────────── <Feed composition after 28 months> ────────────────── Corn 49% large Soybean meal 25% Clover hay 10% Wheat stem 5% Hay beer lees 10% Vitamin / mineral additive 1% ───────────────────

The indices of the Japan Meat Rating Association are as follows. The carcass rating alphabetical part is
It means the carcass yield grade, and after calculating the yield standard value of each carcass by a certain formula, it is rated as A, B, or C.
A is the highest quality and the highest price. The meat quality grade is determined by 5 grades from 1 to 5 with respect to each of the carcasses, "marbling", "luster of meat", "tightness and texture of meat" and "color and quality of fat". The lowest grade among the item grades is rated as the carcass grade. The higher the number, the higher the quality and the higher the price.

[0015]

[Table 2]

[0016]

[Table 3]

Example 2 Sixteen-month old castrated Holsteins, each of 160 160 horses 8
The animals were divided into groups and tested in group heads. Each group was fed in the manner shown in Table 4. After fattening with these samples until the age of 18 months, until the age of 24 months (late stage of fattening), fat was fed by 10-12 kg / day / head and 2-8 cm chopped Timothy hay chopped continuously. . It was then slaughtered and carcasses evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5. ────────────────── <Feed composition> ────────────────── Corn 62% Corn silage 30% Sugar-tight 2% Soybean meal 5% Vitamin / mineral additive 1% ──────────────────

[0018]

[Table 4]

[0019]

[Table 5]

Example 3 Sixty-month-old F1 species 160 heads were divided into 8 groups of 20 heads each and tested in group heads. Each group was fed in the manner shown in Table 6. After fattening with these samples up to 20 months old,
By the age of 26 months (late fattening period), the following feed composition 1
They were fattened with 0-12 kg / day / head and Italian grass hay fed ad libitum. It was then slaughtered and carcasses evaluated. The results are shown in Table 7. ────────────────── <Feed composition> ────────────────── Corn 62% Corn silage 30% Sugar-tight 2% Soybean meal 5% Vitamin / mineral additive 1% ──────────────────

[0021]

[Table 6]

[0022]

[Table 7]

[0023]

As described above, according to the present invention, meat quality such as marbling of beef, meat color and gloss, and color and quality of fat is improved. Moreover, the weight gain is also excellent, and the yield increases because the carcass increases.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. 0.1 to 10% by weight of fatty acid calcium produced from a fatty acid containing 2 to 60% by weight of linoleic acid and 1 to 30% by weight of linolenic acid, phospholipids, inorganic phosphates, and phosphoric acid. A feed composition comprising 0.1 to 10% by weight of one or more phosphorus compounds selected from esters. 2. A fatty acid calcium produced from a fatty acid containing 2 to 60% by weight of linoleic acid and 1 to 30% by weight of linolenic acid, and 0.1 to 10% by weight of phospholipid, inorganic phosphate, and phosphorus. A feed composition comprising 0.1 to 10% by weight of one or more phosphorus compounds selected from acid esters and 10 to 75% by weight of grass hay. 3. A feeding method comprising feeding a feed composition according to claim 1 or 2 to a cow during the period from the early fattening period to the middle fattening period.