JPH0987610A - Frictional resistance reducing agent for aqueous medium and method for reducing frictional resistance of aqueous medium using the reducing agent - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) Abstract: To provide an additive which can be stably used for a long time without precipitation at low temperature and which can reduce frictional resistance of an aqueous medium in a wide temperature range from low temperature to high temperature. (A) At least one ether group, amide group or ester group bonded to a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and two Alternatively, a friction resistance reducing agent for an aqueous medium containing a quaternary ammonium cation having three alkyleneoxy groups, and (b) an organic acid residue.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an additive for reducing the frictional resistance of a turbulent aqueous medium, and more particularly to a frictional resistance capable of reducing the frictional resistance of turbulent flow in a pipe in a wide temperature range from low temperature to high temperature. The present invention relates to a reducing agent and a method for reducing frictional resistance using the frictional resistance reducing agent.

2. Description of the Related Art It is generally known as a drag reducing effect that a frictional resistance is reduced by adding a small amount of a specific substance to a turbulent flow in a pipe. It is known to use a polymer compound as a substance exhibiting such a drag reducing effect, that is, a drag reducing agent, and US Pat. No. 3,961,639 is known.
The publication discloses polyethylene oxide,
Further, JP-A-56-28262 discloses the use of polyacrylamide or the like. However, the polymer compound has a drawback that the polymer chain is broken when flowing through a pump or a bent pipe, and the drag reducing effect is not exhibited. Therefore, the polymer compound cannot be used for a long time as a drag reducing agent due to its mechanical deterioration. On the other hand, a method of reducing the drag by adding a surfactant has been considered. The surfactant is considered to form micelles in an aqueous medium to exert a drag reducing effect and does not cause mechanical deterioration, so that it can be used as a drag reducing agent for a long period of time.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-6231 discloses a method in which a viscoelastic surfactant and an organic electrolyte are used in combination.
However, not all such viscoelastic surfactants exert a drag reducing effect, and there are problems that crystals are precipitated at low temperatures and the drag reducing effect is significantly impaired. Further, JP-B-5-47534 discloses a surfactant such as an alkyltrimethylammonium salt and pyridinium salt, and JP-A-60-99199 discloses a surfactant such as an alkyldi (hydroxyethyl) amine oxide. JP-A-60-152448 describes a method of using a surfactant such as an alkyldimethylpolyoxyethylammonium salt as a drag reducing agent. Although these methods show a drag reducing effect from room temperature (about 25 ° C.) to a high temperature region (80 ° C. or higher), their solubility is remarkably poor in a low temperature region (5 ° C. or lower), resulting in insufficient effect. is there.

[0003]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention uses an additive which can be stably used for a long period of time without precipitation at low temperature and which can reduce the friction resistance of an aqueous medium in a wide temperature range from low temperature to high temperature, and the additive. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for reducing the frictional resistance of an aqueous medium.

The present invention relates to a fourth aspect having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having an ether bond, an amide bond or an ester bond in the molecule and an oxyalkylene group.
This was done based on the finding that the above problem can be efficiently solved by using a combination of a quaternary ammonium cation and an organic acid residue. That is, the present invention provides a friction resistance reducing agent for an aqueous medium, which comprises (a) a quaternary ammonium cation represented by the following general formula (I), and (b) an organic acid residue. provide.

[0004]

Embedded image

(In the formula, R ¹ is a linear or branched saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and R ² and R ³ are represented by the following general formula (II). The group
R ⁴ is a methyl group, an ethyl group or a group represented by R ² or R ³ , and Y is —O—, —CONH— or —COO—.
And m is 1 to 5. )

[0006]

Embedded image

(In the formula, n is 1 to 5 and Z is hydrogen or a methyl group.)

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION As the component (a), a salt of a quaternary ammonium cation represented by the general formula (I) is preferable, and a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the following general formula (III) is particularly preferable. Is preferred. As the component (b), an organic acid salt is preferable.

[0008]

Embedded image

(Where R is¹, R², R^ThreeAnd R^FourIs one
As defined in general formula (I), X ^-Is a halogen shade
ON, organic sulfonic acid anion or organic carboxylic acid anion
Is on. ) In the general formulas (I) and (III), R²And R^ThreeAre the same group
It is preferable that m is 2 or 3. Moreover, one
In general formula (II), Z is preferably hydrogen and n is preferably 1.
Yes. In the present invention, R of the component (a) is¹Has 8 to 2 carbon atoms
2, preferably 10 to 18 linear or branched
Saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, especially alkyl,
Represents an alkenyl group, lauryl, myristyl, palmitic
And a stearyl, oleyl group and the like. In the present invention
Specific examples of the quaternary ammonium salt used include lauri
Luoxyethyldi (hydroxyethyl) methylammoni
Umchloride, lauryloxypropyl di (hydroxy)
Ciethyl) methyl ammonium chloride, oleyl
Xypropyldi (hydroxyethyl) methylammoniu
Muchloride, lauryloxypropyl di (hydroxy)
Ethyl) methylammonium salicylate, lauryl
Midoethyldi (hydroxyethyl) methyl ammonium
Chloride, cocoamidoethyldi (hydroxyethyl)
Methyl ammonium chloride, lauroyloxyethyl
Ludi (hydroxyethyl) methyl ammonium chloride
De, lauryloxypropyl tri (hydroxyethyl)
Ammonium chloride, cocoamidoethyl tri (hydroxide)
Roxyethyl) ammonium chloride, etc. or
Examples include a mixture of two or more kinds. Of these, especially
Uryloxypropyl di (hydroxyethyl) methyla
Ammonium chloride, laurylamidoethyl di (hydroxide)
Roxyethyl) methylammonium chloride and LA
Uroyloxyethyldi (hydroxyethyl) methyla
Preference is given to ammonium chloride.

Examples of the organic acid salt as the component (b) include one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds such as organic sulfonate and organic carboxylate. Organic sulfonic acid salts and organic carboxylate salts are alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl or alkenyl sulfonic acids, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, aliphatic carboxylic acids or aromatic carboxylic acids. Examples thereof include an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of an acid, and particularly preferably an aromatic sulfonate or carboxylate. Of these, salts of aromatic carboxylic acids having 7 to 10 carbon atoms are preferred. Specific examples include sodium hydroxybenzoate and sodium hydroxynaphthoate. Of these, sodium salicylate is particularly preferable. The addition amount of the quaternary ammonium salt of the component (a) is 0.
001-5% by weight is suitable, more preferably 0.01
~ 0.1% by weight. The amount of the organic acid salt of the component (b) is preferably 0.1 to 5 times, more preferably 0.3 to 2 times the mole of the component (a).

The test of the drag reducing effect of the frictional resistance reducing agent of the present invention is carried out by a usual method, and an aqueous solution of the surfactant is caused to flow through a tube having a diameter D to examine the relationship between the average flow velocity u _av and the pressure loss ΔP. Can be done by The Reynolds number Re and the friction coefficient f are obtained from these measured values. Re = (Du _av ρ) / μ where ρ is density and μ is viscosity. Usually ρ and μ
For, the value of water is used. f = (1 × D × 2ΔP) / (4 × L × ρu _av ² ) where L represents the pressure extraction interval. The frictional resistance reducing agent of the present invention contains, in addition to the above quaternary ammonium salt, an alkyldi (hydroxyethyl) methylammonium salt and an alkyltri (hydroxyethyl) ammonium salt containing no ether bond, amide bond or ester bond group. can do. Further, a rust preventive such as an amine and a solvent such as ethylene glycol may be contained in accordance with various purposes of the aqueous medium. The frictional resistance-reducing agent of the present invention can be used as a mixture of the above components or diluted with water to give a concentrate containing 20% by weight or more of the above components. Further, when carrying out the frictional resistance reduction method of the present invention, it is preferable to add the frictional resistance reducing agent of the present invention as it is or after diluting it to a desired concentration to a target fluid.
Further, the components (a) and (b) can be separately added to the target fluid.

[0012]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The frictional resistance reducing agent and the reducing method of the present invention are effective in reducing piping equipment cost and pumping power required for fluid transportation. In particular, since it can be used in a wide temperature range from low temperature to high temperature without mechanical deterioration, it can be used in a fluid that is circulated, for example, for heating, cooling systems and district heating / cooling systems of various industrial plants. Next, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.

[0013]

【Example】

Example 1 Lauryloxypropyldi (hydroxyethyl) methylammonium chloride (LOPDHAC), laurylamidoethyldi (hydroxyethyl) methylammonium chloride (LAEDHEAC), or lauroyloxyethyldi (hydroxyethyl) methylammonium chloride (LOOEDHAC) and An aqueous solution in which sodium salicylate (NaSa) is dissolved is circulated in a stainless steel circular tube having an inner diameter of 11.4 mm at 25 ° C.
The drag reduction effect in was measured. That is, the Reynolds number Re in the turbulent flow in the circular pipe was calculated from the flow rate of the aqueous solution, and the friction coefficient f was calculated from the pressure loss. In Comparative Example 1, Example 1 was repeated except that the friction resistance reducing agent for aqueous medium was not used.
An experiment was conducted in the same manner as in. The amounts of ODHAC and NaSa used and the results obtained are summarized in Table 1.

[0014]

[Table 1] Table-1 Inventive No. 1 Inventive No. 2 Inventive No. 3 Comparative Example 1 Quaternary Ammo LOPDHAC LAEDHAC LOOEPDHAC Nickel salt concentration (PPM) 500 500 500 0 NaSa concentration (PPM) 300 300 300 0 Reynolds number (Re) 14000 13000 14500 16000 18000 17500 18500 21000 22000 21500 22500 33500 Friction coefficient (f) 0.0030 0.0032 0.0029 0.0066 0.0024 0.0026 0.0024 0.0064 0.0026 0.0029 0.0027 0.0060

Example 2 In a measuring apparatus similar to that of Example 1, using an aqueous solution in which 500 ppm of lauryloxypropyldi (hydroxyethyl) methylammonium chloride and 300 ppm of sodium salicylate were dissolved, the Reynolds number was changed by changing the temperature of the aqueous solution. And the friction coefficient was measured. Comparative Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that stearyltrimethylammonium chloride (STAC) was used instead of lauryloxypropyldi (hydroxyethyl) methylammonium chloride at 5 ° C. using the same measuring apparatus as in Example 1. The Reynolds number and friction coefficient were measured.
The results are summarized in Table-2.

[0016]

[Table 2] Table-2 Present invention Comparative Example No4 No5 2 Quaternary ammonium salt LOPDHAC LOPDHAC STAC Temperature (° C) 5 70 5 Reynolds number (Re) 6000 28000 5000 8200 37000 8000 105000 47000 11500 Friction coefficient (f) 0.0047 0.0048 0.0091 0.0033 0.0032 0.0084 0.0050 0.0042 0.0073

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A fourth represented by the following general formula (I):
A friction resistance reducing agent for an aqueous medium, which comprises a primary ammonium cation and (b) an organic acid residue. Embedded image (In the formula, R ¹ is a linear or branched saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and R ² and R ³ are groups represented by the following general formula (II). , R ⁴ is a methyl group, an ethyl group or a group represented by R ² or R ³ , and Y is
The group represented by -O- or -CONH- or -COO-, m is 1 to 5. ) (In the formula, n is 1 to 5, and Z is hydrogen or a methyl group.) 2. The friction resistance reducing agent according to claim 1, which contains (a) a salt of a quaternary ammonium cation represented by the general formula (I), and (b) an organic acid salt. 3. A method for reducing frictional resistance of an aqueous medium, which comprises adding the frictional resistance reducing agent according to claim 1 to the aqueous medium.