JPH10141621A - Pyrolysis reactor in waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Problem] To provide an apparatus for efficiently separating and discharging coarse metal components and solids such as pottery in pyrolysis residues. SOLUTION: Pyrolysis of waste to generate a pyrolysis product consisting of a pyrolysis gas and a pyrolysis residue mainly composed of non-volatile components, and supplying the pyrolysis gas and a combustible component to a combustor for combustion In the waste treatment apparatus, the pyrolysis reactor 2 is provided with a supply port 22 at one end and a discharge port 23 at the other end.
A horizontal rotary drum having
And sieve plates 25, 26, one end of which is connected to the discharge port 23 and the other end of which is extended near the inner wall of the horizontal rotary drum.
A thermal decomposition reactor in a waste treatment apparatus provided with 27.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a thermal decomposition reactor in a waste treatment apparatus, and more particularly, to thermally decompose waste by heating it in a low-oxygen atmosphere at a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure to separate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residue. The present invention relates to a pyrolysis reactor in a waste treatment apparatus for performing combustion treatment by supplying the generated carbonized gas and a combustible component separated from a pyrolysis residue to a combustor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As one of the waste disposal devices including general waste such as municipal waste and combustible materials such as waste plastic,
The waste is placed in a pyrolysis reactor and pyrolyzed by heating in a low-oxygen atmosphere below atmospheric pressure to produce a pyrolysis gas and a pyrolysis residue consisting mainly of non-volatile components, and further cooling the decomposition residue After that, it is supplied to the separation device and the combustible component mainly composed of carbon, for example, metal, pottery, gravel,
Separate into non-combustible components consisting of rubble such as concrete pieces and pulverize the combustible components, guide the pulverized combustible components and the above-mentioned dry distillation gas to a melting furnace which is a combustor, and burn in this melting furnace 2. Description of the Related Art There is known a waste treatment apparatus in which combustion ash generated by processing is used as molten slag, and the molten slag is discharged and cooled and solidified. (For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-49)
No. 816).

[0003] In such a waste disposal apparatus, a horizontal rotary drum is used as a thermal decomposition reactor. As described above, the waste is put into the horizontal rotary drum, heated and pyrolyzed, and the generated carbonized gas and the pyrolysis residue are supplied to a discharge device from an outlet provided in the horizontal rotary drum. To separate the carbonized gas from the pyrolysis residue.
In this case, in order to easily discharge the pyrolysis residue, heat is provided inside the horizontal rotary drum, and one end is connected to the discharge port and the other end is provided with a scraping blade extending to near the inner wall of the horizontal rotary drum. A cracking reactor has been proposed (DE-A-430 278).

[0004]

In the horizontal rotary drum having the above-mentioned scraping blades, the effect of positively guiding and discharging the pyrolysis residue to a discharge port provided in the rotation shaft core is not provided. However, there is a problem that it is not possible to improve the thermal decomposition efficiency for simultaneously guiding the non-combustible component composed of a metallic component or rubble and the combustible component mainly composed of carbon to the discharge port by the scraping blade. That is, according to the findings of the present inventors, it has been found that the pyrolysis residue is composed of the following different substances depending on the properties of the waste.

[0005] Relatively fine flammable components 10 to 60% Relatively fine ash (non-combustible components) 5 to 40% Coarse metal components (non-combustible components) 7 to 50% Coarse rubble, Pottery, concrete pieces, etc. (non-combustible components) 10-60% By the way, metallic components and rubble mixed in combustibles are
In order to adversely affect the thermal decomposition, it is preferable to separate them in advance and then put them in a horizontal rotary drum to perform thermal decomposition. However, such separation is generally very difficult and the construction cost of the device is high.

[0006] For this reason, waste in which metallic components, rubble, and the like are mixed in combustibles is charged into a horizontal rotary drum, and is thermally decomposed and discharged at the same time. There is a problem that processing time is required.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems. This waste is put into a cracking reactor, and this waste is heated and thermally decomposed to produce a pyrolysis product consisting mainly of the dry distillation gas and a pyrolysis residue mainly composed of non-volatile components. And a non-combustible component, wherein the pyrolysis reactor is provided at one end and a supply port is provided at the other end. Disposing of a horizontal rotating drum having a discharge port in the horizontal rotary drum, and a sieve plate provided with one end connected to the discharge port and the other end extended to near the inner wall of the horizontal rotary drum To provide a pyrolysis reactor in waste processing equipment It is an.

[0008] The sieve plates are arranged at least two or more at equal intervals in the rotation direction of the horizontal rotary drum, are preferably formed of a lattice or perforated plate, and face from the discharge side to the inner wall of the horizontal rotary drum. , So that the width is gradually increased. More preferably, when the sieve plate is formed of a perforated plate, a number of short tubes communicating with respective small holes are attached to the back surface of the perforated plate.

In the sieve plate, a large diameter portion is connected to the other end of the small diameter portion having one end connected to the discharge port, and the small diameter portion extends to approximately one third of the entire length of the horizontal rotary drum. Have been. In a pyrolysis reactor in such a waste treatment apparatus, waste put into a horizontal rotary drum from a supply port by a supply device such as a screw feeder is heated here, and is transferred to the discharge port side while being thermally decomposed. Is done.

[0010] As the pyrolysis proceeds, combustibles are carbonized as the pyrolysis proceeds, and coarse metallic components and rubble are easily separated. When the waste reaches the vicinity of the discharge port, the coarse metallic components are removed by a sieve plate. It is separated and supplied to the discharge device via the discharge port. On the other hand, the combustible components of the fine particles that have passed through the sieve plate are further subjected to a thermal decomposition reaction in the horizontal rotary drum, and are supplied from the outlet to the discharge device as good combustible components having a high carbon content.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a thermal decomposition reactor in a waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a waste treatment apparatus, and 1 is a waste supply apparatus for supplying waste a containing combustibles such as municipal waste into a pyrolysis reactor 2. The apparatus 1 comprises a crane 4 having a bucket 3;
It comprises a screw feeder 5.

As shown in FIG. 2, the thermal decomposition reactor 2 is composed of a horizontal rotating drum, is sealed by a sealing mechanism (not shown), is attracted by an induction blower 6 disposed at the last stage of the exhaust gas path, and has an atmospheric pressure inside. It is kept below (that is, low oxygen atmosphere). Heated air b heated by the air heater 7 is supplied to the pyrolysis reactor 2 in a line L _1.
, And is heated to about 300 ° C. to 600 ° C., usually to about 450 ° C., and the waste a is thermally decomposed in the pyrolysis reactor 2 to form a carbonization gas G ₁ and mainly A non-volatile pyrolysis residue c is produced. And this carbonization gas G ₁ and the non-volatile pyrolysis residue c are separated in the discharge device 8, carbonization gas G ₁ is supplied to the burner 10 of the melting furnace 9 is a combustor via line L _2.

On the other hand, the pyrolysis residue c is supplied to a cooling device 11, where it is cooled to a temperature at which there is no fear of oxidation, for example, to about 80 ° C. The cooled pyrolysis residue c is separated in the separator 12 into a combustible component d such as mainly carbon and a non-combustible component e such as metal, pottery, gravel and concrete pieces. The combustible component e is collected in the container 13 and the combustible component d is supplied to the pulverizer 14, where it is pulverized into fine powder having a size of, for example, 1 mm or less.

The pulverized combustible component d 'is supplied to a line L
The ₃ is supplied to the burner 10, wherein the carbonization gas G ₁ supplied via line L _2, about the combustion air f supplied via the forced draft fan 15 and the line L ₄ 1,300 The ash contained in the combustion ash and the combustible component d 'is melted slag g
, And is cooled and solidified in the water tank 16. In addition,
The solidified slug g is used as a building material, a road pavement material, or the like.

The combustion gas G ₂ generated in the melting furnace 9 is heat-recovered by an air heater 7 and a waste heat boiler 17 via a line L ₅ , and then, is dust-removed by a dust collector 18 a, and is removed by a gas cleaning device 18
desulfurization and denitration has been most relatively a low temperature clean exhaust gas G ₃ in b is released from the chimney 19 into the atmosphere,
The remaining part thereof is supplied to the cooling device 11 via the line L ₆ to cool the pyrolysis residue c until no possibility of the temperature of the oxidation. Reference numeral 20 denotes a power generator that generates power by driving a generator using a turbine driven by the steam S generated by the waste heat boiler 17 as a power source.

The thermal decomposition reactor 2 uses a horizontal rotary drum as described above. As shown in FIG. 2, one end of the horizontal rotary drum 21 is provided with a supply port 22 facing one end of the screw feeder 5. In addition, a discharge port 23 is provided at the other end, and a plurality of heat transfer tubes 24 through which the heated air b passes are arranged inside the discharge port 23 along the peripheral wall. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a sieve plate 25 having one end connected to the discharge port 23 and the other end extending to near the inner wall 21 a of the horizontal rotary drum 21 is provided in the horizontal rotary drum 21. Have been.

The sieve plate 25 has a mesh of, for example, 30 mm.
It is formed of a lattice or perforated plate of about 300 mm, preferably about 50 mm to 200 mm, and is configured so that the width W increases in order from the discharge port 23 side toward the inner wall 21 a of the rotating drum 21. The waste a supplied into the horizontal rotary drum 21 by the screw feeder 5 by the pyrolysis reactor 2 configured as described above is heated,
It is transferred to the outlet 23 side while being stirred, but in the process, the combustibles are thermally decomposed. And the pyrolysis residue c
Moves on the sieve plate 25 when reaching the vicinity of the outlet 23,
As a result, coarse metal components and rubble such as pottery are actively guided into the discharge port 23 and discharged. On the other hand, the combustible components that have passed through the sieve plate 25 stay in the horizontal rotary drum 21 to continue the thermal decomposition. Then, after sufficient thermal decomposition is performed, it is supplied into the discharge device 8 through the discharge port 23.

Although the sieve 25 in the above embodiment has a J-shape as viewed from the front as shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of sieves 25 are provided in the circumferential direction of the horizontal rotary drum 21 as shown in FIG. May be. FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the sieve plate 26, wherein the sieve plate 26
And a large-diameter portion 26b extending to the vicinity of the inner wall 21a of the horizontal rotary drum 21, and is formed in a conical cylindrical sieve plate.
Are also formed in a lattice or perforated plate.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show another embodiment of the sieve plate 25. The sieve plate 25 is composed of perforated plates 25a and 25b made of metal plates.
One end 25b is connected to the discharge port 23 of the horizontal rotary drum 21 and the other end is disposed so as to extend to the vicinity of the inner wall 21a of the horizontal rotary drum 21 and faces from the discharge port 23 side to the inner wall 21a of the rotary drum 21. And the width is sequentially increased.

The back surfaces of the perforated plates 25a and 25b,
Specifically, a number of short pipes 29 are attached to the inner wall 21a side of the horizontal rotary drum 21 so as to communicate with a number of small holes 28, respectively. In the case of the sieve plate 25 having such a configuration, even if a linear substance such as a wire is present in the pyrolysis residue c which is scraped up by the sieve plate 25 and transferred to the discharge port 23, The linear object can be easily discharged without being caught in the small hole 28.

FIG. 9 shows still another embodiment, in which a sieving plate 27 arranged in a horizontal rotary drum 21 is shown.
Is a cylindrical small-diameter portion 27 which is formed of a lattice-like or perforated plate as in the above-described embodiment and has one end connected to the discharge port 23
and a conical surface portion 27b having one end connected to the other end of the small diameter portion 27a and the other end extending to the vicinity of the inner wall 21a of the horizontal rotary drum 21.

[0022] The length L ₂ of the small diameter portion 27a when the total length of the horizontal rotary drum 21 and L _1, preferably within 1/3 from the discharge port 23 side. That is, the thermal decomposition of the waste a charged into the horizontal rotary drum 21 is promoted as the waste a is transferred to the discharge port 23 side. As a result, the non-combustible component such as a metallic component and the combustible component are substantially reduced. When it reaches about 1/3, separation becomes relatively easy. Therefore, if the non-combustible component is separated and recovered at such a position, not only the thermal decomposition efficiency can be further improved, but also the non-combustible component does not come into contact with the heat transfer tube 24 and does not wear it. is there.

[0023]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the thermal decomposition reactor in the waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention,
This pyrolysis reactor is constituted by a horizontal rotary drum, and a sieve plate in the horizontal rotary drum, one end of which is connected to the discharge port of the combustible products, and the other end extending to near the inner wall of the horizontal rotary drum. In the last stage of the horizontal rotary drum, coarse metallic components contained in the pyrolysis residue and rubble such as pottery can be separated and quickly discharged.
There is an effect that the efficiency of thermal decomposition can be improved.

Further, the sieve plate is formed of a grid or a perforated plate, and further has a triangular shape narrowing from the inner wall of the reactor toward the discharge port, or a conical shape which extends from the inner wall of the reactor to the discharge port. By doing so, an efficient sieving effect can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a waste treatment apparatus equipped with a pyrolysis reactor according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially broken side view of a pyrolysis reactor provided with a sieve plate according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a view taken in the direction of arrows BB in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 shows another type of sieve plate viewed from the same direction as FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a side view of a main part of another embodiment of a pyrolysis reactor provided with a sieve plate according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the sieve plate according to the present invention.

8 is a view taken in the direction of arrows BB in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 shows a pyrolysis reactor provided with a sieve plate according to the present invention;
It is a principal part side view in other Example.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waste supply apparatus 2 Pyrolysis reactor 3 Bucket 4 Crane 5 Screw feeder 6 Induction blower 7 Air heater 8 Discharge device 9 Melting furnace 10 Burner 11 Cooling device 12 Separation device 13 Container 14 Crusher 15 Push-in blower 16 Water tank 17 Waste Heat boiler 18a Dust collector 18b Gas cleaning device 20 Power generator 21 Horizontal rotating drum 22 Supply port 23 Discharge port 24 Heat transfer tube 25, 26, 27 Sieving plate 28 Small hole 29 Short tube

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Tosumi Tsukada 5-6-4 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toru Ogasawara 3-1-1 Tamama, Tamano-shi, Okayama Mitsui Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Tamano Plant

Claims (6)

[Claims] A waste is charged into a pyrolysis reactor in which the inside is kept at a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, the waste is heated and pyrolyzed, and a pyrolysis residue mainly composed of a dry distillation gas and a non-volatile component is removed. A pyrolysis product is formed, the pyrolysis residue is separated into a combustible component and a non-combustible component, and the dry distillation gas and the combustible component are supplied to a combustor for combustion. In the waste treatment apparatus, the thermal decomposition reactor is constituted by a horizontal rotary drum having a supply port at one end and a discharge port at the other end, and inside the horizontal rotary drum, one end is connected to the discharge port. A pyrolysis reactor in a waste treatment apparatus, characterized in that a sieve plate is provided at the other end thereof, the sieve plate extending to near the inner wall of the horizontal rotary drum. 2. The thermal decomposition reactor according to claim 1, wherein at least two sieve plates are arranged at equal intervals in the rotation direction of the horizontal rotary drum. 3. The sieve plate according to claim 1, wherein the sieve plate is constituted by a lattice or a perforated plate. 4. The perforated plate according to claim 3, wherein a large number of small holes are provided in the metal plate, and a large number of short tubes communicating with the small holes are attached to the back surface of the metal plate. 5. A structure in which the width is gradually increased from the discharge side toward the inner wall of the horizontal rotary drum.
The sieve plate as described. 6. A small-diameter portion having one end connected to the discharge port and a large-diameter portion connected to the other end, wherein the small-diameter portion is extended to approximately one-third of the entire length of the horizontal rotary drum. The sieve plate as described.