JPH10244247A - Fermentation method and fermentation apparatus for organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [PROBLEMS] To efficiently produce useful compost products without using a water conditioning material and without inoculating aerobic bacteria. SOLUTION: In a granulation dryer 11, an organic waste is dried and granulated to obtain a water content of 45 to 70%.
To produce organic waste granules having a particle size of 0.5 to 5 cm. In the fermenter 12, the organic waste granules are received and fermented. As a result, a compost product can be manufactured without using a water conditioning material and without inoculating aerobic bacteria.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to an organic waste fermentation method and a fermentation apparatus suitable for fermentation treatment of organic waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, many organic wastes represented by sewage sludge have been incinerated after dehydration and landfilled. However, due to a shortage of land for disposal sites, disposal costs are increasing. Landfill and dumping at sea are not suitable methods for global environmental protection.

[0003] Since many organic wastes contain living organisms, they can be reused as biomass resources. As one of the methods, composting for fermenting organic wastes has been proposed.
In recent years, it has attracted attention.

[0004]

However, composting of organic waste has the following problems.
That is, when composting the organic waste, it is necessary to add a moisture regulator in order to adjust the water content of the raw material to around 60% at which the microbial activity is maximized. The main components of the moisture control material are fir, sawdust, bark and the like. However, since these water control materials are mainly composed of cellulose which is difficult to biodegrade, the time required for composting is extremely long. This leads to an increase in the size of the composting fermentation apparatus. In addition, it is becoming difficult to obtain water conditioning materials, which has led to an increase in cost.

As a composting method for solving these drawbacks, a fermentation apparatus has recently been devised in which organic waste is dehydrated, dried by heating, inoculated with aerobic bacteria, and fermented. In this fermentation apparatus, aerobic bacteria are inoculated as described above to sterilize microorganisms useful for composting when heating and drying organic waste.

However, inoculation of such aerobic bacteria involves problems such as high cost.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides a method of fermenting organic waste, which does not require the use of a water conditioning material and which does not require inoculation of aerobic bacteria. It is an object to provide a fermentation apparatus.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an organic waste granule having a water content of 45 to 70% and a particle size of 0.5 to 5 cm by drying and granulating the organic waste. And a fermentation method for organic waste, comprising: a step of fermenting particulate matter of organic waste, and drying and granulating the organic waste to obtain water-containing material. A granulating dryer for producing organic waste granules having a ratio of 45 to 70% and a particle size of 0.5 to 5 cm, and a fermenter for receiving and fermenting the organic waste granules were provided. An organic waste fermentation apparatus characterized in that:

According to the present invention, a useful and compostable product can be efficiently produced by performing a good and rapid fermentation reaction without using a water conditioning material and without inoculating aerobic bacteria. .

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a method and an apparatus for fermenting organic waste according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are diagrams showing a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, an organic waste fermentation apparatus 10 according to the present invention includes: a granulation dryer 11 for drying and granulating organic waste to produce organic waste granules; And a fermenter 12 for receiving and fermenting granular materials. An air supply line 13 having a blower 14 is connected to the fermenter 12, and an exhaust gas line 15 is connected to the fermenter 12.

The organic waste 1 produced by the granulating dryer 11 has a water content of 45 to 70% and a particle size of 0.5 to 5 cm. In this case, the particle size of the granular material is preferably in the range of 1 to 3 cm.

Next, the operation of the embodiment having the above-described configuration will be described. In FIG. 1, first, organic waste such as sewage sludge is supplied into a granulation dryer 11, and the organic waste is dried in the granulation dryer 11, and an organic waste granular material 1 is formed. It is made.

In this case, as the granulation dryer 11, for example, a known thin film dryer is used. By changing the flow rate, the water content, the heating temperature, and the like of the sludge charged into the dryer 11, the granular material 1 of the organic waste is converted to a water content of 45.
~ 70%, its particle size is 0.5 ~ 5cm, preferably 1 ~
It can be adjusted to be 3 cm.

Subsequently, the organic waste granules 1 are supplied into a fermenter 12 where they are fermented. During this time, air is supplied from the air supply line 13 into the fermenter 12, and the exhaust gas in the fermenter 12 is
Exhausted from 5

By fermenting the organic waste granular material 1 in the fermenter 12 in this manner, a compost product 2 can be produced from the granular material 1.

Next, a case where the method and apparatus for fermenting organic waste according to the present invention are compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2 will be described.

Comparative Example 1 shows an example of fermenting an organic waste having a water content of 60% and containing a moisture controlling material such as peach, and Comparative Example 2 shows an example of planting an aerobic bacterium having a water content of 60%. An example in the case of fermenting a sterilized organic waste is shown. Next, the fermentation conditions of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown in the following table. FIG. 2 shows the fermentation temperature with respect to the reaction time in the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

As shown in FIG. 2, in Comparative Example 1, the amount of the easily decomposable substance per unit volume of the fermenter is small because the moisture regulator is used. In addition, the generation of fermentation heat is reduced, the microbial activity is low, and the reaction time is long.

In Comparative Example 2, since the aerobic bacteria were inoculated, the rise of the reaction was accelerated, and the completion of the reaction was also accelerated because no water conditioning material was used.

On the other hand, according to the present invention, although the inoculation is not performed, the reaction is started immediately, and the completion of the reaction is quick because no water regulator is used. The start of the reaction is equivalent to that of Comparative Example 2 without inoculation, because the organic waste is granulated and dried to about 0.5 to 5 cm, so that the fermentation reaction occurs well even in the central part of the granular material. It is thought to be.

As described above, according to the present invention, a compost product can be obtained by a good and rapid fermentation reaction without using a water conditioning material and without inoculating bacteria.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3, a mixing tank 18 for receiving and mixing organic waste and a deodorizing bacteria supply device 19 for supplying deodorizing bacteria to the mixing tank 18 are provided upstream of the granulation dryer 11. The other parts are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS.

In FIG. 3, the first shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
The same reference numerals are given to the same portions as those of the embodiment, and the detailed description is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 3, the deodorizing bacteria are supplied to the mixing tank 18 for mixing the organic waste, so that the particulate matter 1 is removed.
Can contain deodorizing bacteria. For this reason, when the granular material 1 is fermented in the fermenter 12, the odor in the exhaust gas discharged from the fermenter 12 via the exhaust gas line 15 can be suppressed low.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the deodorizing bacterium supply device 19 is provided with a receiving port 19a for receiving a part of the organic waste granular material 1, and the other is the second embodiment shown in FIG. This is substantially the same as the embodiment.

In FIG. 4, the same parts as those in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 4, a part of the organic waste granular material 1 is introduced into the deodorizing bacteria supply device 19 from the receiving port 19a, so that the deodorizing bacteria can be removed using the granular material 1 as a culture substrate. It can be cultured appropriately.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 5, an odor detector 16 is provided in an exhaust gas line 15, and an odor control device 20 for adjusting the supply amount of odor bacteria from an odor supply device 19 is provided in the odor detector 16. And
The other parts are substantially the same as those of the second embodiment shown in FIG.

In FIG. 5, the same portions as those of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the detailed description is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 5, the odor in the exhaust gas discharged from the fermenter 12 via the exhaust gas line 15 is detected by the odor detector 16. A signal from the odor detector 16 is sent to the odor control device 20, and the supply amount of the odor bacteria from the odor bacteria supply device 19 is adjusted by the odor control device 20. Therefore, the odor in the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas line 15 can be adjusted to a predetermined value.

Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The fifth embodiment shown in FIG.
A storage tank 21 for receiving and storing organic waste is provided on the upstream side of the granulation dryer 11, a sprayer 22 is provided in the fermentation tank 12, and a pump 23 a is provided between the sprayer 22 and the storage tank 21. It is connected by a water supply line 23, and the other parts are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS.

In FIG. 6, the first shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
The same reference numerals are given to the same portions as those of the embodiment, and the detailed description is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 6, a storage tank 21 for receiving and storing organic waste is provided on the upstream side of the granulation dryer 11, and the organic waste is charged into the storage tank 21. Then, a desorbing liquid 21a that desorbs from the organic waste in the storage tank 21 is generated. The desorbed liquid 21a is supplied to the pump 23
a reaches the sprayer 22 in the fermenter 12 via the water supply line 23. Thereafter, the desorbed liquid 21a is supplied to the sprayer 22.
From the fermenter 12.

According to the present embodiment, it is possible to effectively use the desorbed liquid generated from the organic waste.

Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The sixth embodiment shown in FIG.
Along with providing an exhaust gas line 25 in the granulation dryer 11,
This exhaust gas line 25 is merged with the exhaust gas line 15 of the fermentation dryer 11, and the first exhaust gas line 30
The heat exchanger 27 is connected. Also, a second heat exchanger 28 is connected to the air supply line 14, and the first heat exchanger 27 and the second heat exchanger 28 are connected by a heat medium line 29, and the others are shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. This is the same as the first embodiment.

In FIG. 7, the first shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
The same reference numerals are given to the same portions as those of the embodiment, and the detailed description is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 7, the exhaust gas from the fermenter 12 and the exhaust gas from the granulator / drier 11 enter into an exhaust gas line 30 which is joined via exhaust gas lines 15 and 25, respectively.
The combined exhaust gas in the exhaust gas line 30 then heats the heat medium in the heat medium line 29 in the first heat exchanger 27. The heat medium in the heat medium line 29 then heats the air in the air supply line 14 in the second heat exchanger 28, and the heated air is sent into the fermenter 12 to perform the fermentation reaction of the organic waste. To contribute.

Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the seventh embodiment, the fermenter 12
A water supply line 23 having a pump 23a is connected to the atomizer 22 and the water content detector 32 inside the atomizer 22, and the others are substantially the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. Are identical.

Referring to FIG. 8, the first type shown in FIGS.
The same reference numerals are given to the same portions as those of the embodiment, and the detailed description is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 8, the water content detector 32 is connected to a water amount control device 31 for controlling the water amount of the pump 23a based on the water content detected by the water content detector 32. When the water content in the fermenter 12 is detected by the water content detector 32, the water amount control device 31 controls the water amount of the pump 23a based on the water content, and
Adjust the spray amount from. Therefore, the inside of the fermenter 12 can be maintained at a substantially constant water content.

Next, an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Eighth embodiment is a granulation dryer 1
The exhaust gas line 25 is connected to the exhaust gas line 25 from the fermenter 12, and a drain tank 33 is connected to the merged exhaust gas line 30. This is substantially the same as the seventh embodiment.

In FIG. 9, the same portions as those of the seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 9, an exhaust gas line 25 from the granulation dryer 11 is connected to an exhaust gas line 1 from the fermenter 12.
The exhaust gas line 30 merges into the exhaust gas line 30, and the merged exhaust gas line 30 is connected to the drain tank 33 via the first heat exchanger 27. A second heat exchanger 28 is connected to the air supply line 14, and the first heat exchanger 27 and the second heat exchanger 28 are connected by a heat medium line 29.

The drain tank 33 includes a pump 23a.
Is connected to the sprayer 22.

As shown in FIG. 9, the exhaust gas generated from the granulating dryer 11 and the fermenter 12 enters an exhaust gas line 30 which is joined via an exhaust gas line 25 and an exhaust gas line 15, respectively. The exhaust gas in the exhaust gas line 30 then heats the heat medium in the heat medium line 29 in the first heat exchanger 27, and the heat medium in the heat medium line 29 then turns to the second heat exchanger 2.
At 8, the air in the air supply line 14 is heated. The air in the heated air supply line 14 enters the fermenter 12 and contributes to the fermentation reaction.

On the other hand, the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas line 30 which has heated the heat medium in the heat medium line 29 in the first heat exchanger 27 becomes drain and is collected in the drain tank 33. The drain in the drain tank 33 is then discharged to the pump 23a.
The water reaches the sprayer 22 via the water supply line 23 and is sprayed from the sprayer 22 into the fermenter 12. In this case, the water content in the fermenter 12 is detected by the water content detector 32, and the pump 23 a is controlled by the water amount control device 31 based on a signal from the water content detector 32. Therefore, the moisture content in the fermenter 12 is kept constant.

[0048]

As described above, according to the present invention, a useful and quick fermentation reaction can be carried out without using a water conditioner and without inoculating aerobic bacteria, thereby producing a useful compost product. Can be manufactured efficiently. For this reason, a large amount of compost products can be obtained at low cost.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of an organic waste fermentation method and a fermentation apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the reaction time and the fermentation temperature according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the method and apparatus for fermenting organic waste according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the method and apparatus for fermenting organic waste according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the organic waste fermentation method and the fermentation apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the method and apparatus for fermenting organic waste according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a sixth embodiment of the method and apparatus for fermenting organic waste according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a seventh embodiment of the method and apparatus for fermenting organic waste according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a view showing an eighth embodiment of the method and apparatus for fermenting organic waste according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 Fermentation device for organic waste 11 Granulation dryer 12 Fermenter 13 Air supply line 15 Exhaust gas line 18 Mixing tank 19 Deodorizing bacteria supply device 20 Odor control device 21 Storage tank 22 Sprayer 23 Water supply line 23a Pump 25 Exhaust gas line 27 1st heat exchanger 28 2nd heat exchanger 29 Heat medium line 31 Water amount control device 33 Drain tank

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A process for producing organic waste granules having a water content of 45 to 70% and a particle size of 0.5 to 5 cm by drying and granulating the organic waste. Fermenting granular waste material. A method for fermenting organic waste. 2. A granulation dryer for drying and granulating organic waste to produce organic waste granules having a water content of 45 to 70% and a particle size of 0.5 to 5 cm. A fermenter for receiving and fermenting organic waste granules;
A fermentation apparatus for organic waste, comprising: 3. A mixing tank provided on the upstream side of the granulation dryer for receiving and mixing organic waste, and a deodorizing bacteria supply device for supplying deodorizing bacteria to the mixing tank. The organic waste fermentation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein 4. The organic waste fermentation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the deodorizing bacteria supply device has a receiving port for receiving a part of the organic waste particulate matter. 5. The fermenter is provided with an exhaust gas line,
This exhaust gas line is provided with an odor detector that detects the odor concentration in the exhaust gas, and an odor control device that adjusts the amount of deodorant bacteria supplied from the deodorant bacteria supply device based on a signal from the odor detector is provided. The organic waste fermentation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein 6. A fermenter further comprising a storage tank provided on the upstream side of the granulation dryer for receiving and storing organic waste, a sprayer is provided in the fermentation tank, and a storage tank is provided between the sprayer and the storage tank. The organic waste fermentation apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a water supply line that guides the desorbed liquid desorbed from the organic waste in the tank toward the sprayer. 7. An exhaust gas line is provided in each of the granulating dryer and the fermenter, and an air supply line is provided in the fermenter. The air supply line is connected to an exhaust gas line of the granulating dryer and an exhaust gas line of the fermenter. The organic waste fermentation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a heat exchanger is provided between the fermentation apparatus and the organic waste. 8. A water amount control for providing a sprayer and a water content detector in a fermenter, connecting a water supply line having a pump to the sprayer, and adjusting a water amount of the pump based on a signal from the water content detector. The organic waste fermentation apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising an apparatus. 9. The organic solvent according to claim 8, wherein an exhaust gas line is provided in each of the granulating dryer and the fermenter, and the exhaust gas lines are connected to a drain tank, and the drain tank is connected to a water supply line. Fermentation equipment for sexual waste.