JPH1026302A - Steam generator - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Problem] To provide a steam generator having a small installation area and a small amount of retained liquid. A high-temperature regenerator as a steam generator has an outer cylinder 1, an inner cylinder 2, a flow path 3, a gas-liquid separator 9, and the like. The inner cylinder 2 includes a lower portion 2 a formed of a straight pipe forming a combustion chamber 4,
It has an upper portion 2b made of a bellows tube and the like. In channel 3,
The absorbing liquid that has absorbed the refrigerant flows. [Effect] Since the lower portion forming the radiation heat transfer surface and the upper portion forming the contact heat transfer surface are erected linearly, the installation space is minimized. Since the liquid flow path between the inner and outer pipes,
The liquid holding amount is small, and the cost of the apparatus is reduced. Heat exchange is promoted in the bellows tube portion, and the necessary amount of evaporation is secured.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a steam generator for burning fuel in a combustion chamber to generate steam from a liquid by using the generated heat, and uses, for example, an absorption refrigeration cycle such as an absorption chiller / heater or an absorption chiller / heater. It is conveniently used as a regenerator for existing equipment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various types and structures of steam generators are known, and these are selected and used so as to be suitable for intended applications. For example, as a regenerator of an absorption chiller / heater, a flue-tube type regenerator, which is a steam generator having a simple structure and a relatively small capacity, has conventionally been used. However, the flue-tube type regenerator requires a relatively large installation space. Therefore, when the steam generator is used as a part of a mechanical device as in the above-described regenerator, there is a problem that the overall shape of the mechanical device is increased. Further, the furnace tube regenerator requires a large amount of liquid due to restrictions on the pitch of the flue. Therefore, if the liquid to be handled is, for example, an absorption liquid used in the above absorption chiller / heater or a special liquid such as a chemical plant and is extremely expensive, the problem of increasing the overall cost of the apparatus is a problem. there were.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art. Even if the installation space is small and the amount of retained liquid is small, a predetermined amount of evaporation can be obtained. An object of the present invention is to provide a steam generator that is optimal for miniaturization such as a vessel.

[0004]

According to the present invention, there is provided a steam generating apparatus for burning fuel in a combustion chamber and generating steam from a liquid by the generated heat. An outer cylinder erected in the vertical direction, an inner cylinder erected inside the outer cylinder, the inner cylinder having a lower portion forming the combustion chamber and an upper portion in which combustion gas rises; It has a flow path formed in a space between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder for flowing the liquid.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above, at least a vertical section of the upper portion has an uneven portion formed in an uneven shape.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above, a tubular body is provided in the upper portion so as to narrow the combustion gas flow path in the upper portion.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the features of the first aspect, the liquid is an absorbing liquid absorbing a refrigerant, and the vapor is a vapor obtained by separating and evaporating the refrigerant by heating. And

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of a high-temperature regenerator of an absorption air conditioner which is a steam generator to which the present invention is applied. A high-temperature regenerator is an example of a steam generator that burns fuel in a combustion chamber and generates steam from a liquid by the generated heat. In this case, the liquid is, for example, an absorption liquid for an absorption refrigeration cycle composed of an aqueous solution of lithium bromide, which is a liquid that has absorbed a refrigerant. The vapor is water vapor evaporated by heating the absorbing liquid.

This high-temperature regenerator has an outer cylinder 1 erected in the vertical direction, an inner cylinder 2 erected therein, and a flow path formed in a space between them for flowing the liquid. And 3.

The inner cylinder 2 has a lower part 2 forming a combustion chamber 4.
a and an upper portion 2b in which the combustion gas rises.
The lower portion 2a is formed of a straight pipe or the like, and is provided with a burner 5, a blower 6, a fuel gas inlet 7, an absorbing liquid inlet 8, and the like. Further, in the steam generator of the present example, a gas-liquid separation section 9 is provided on the outer cylinder 1. The gas-liquid separation unit 9
Eliminator 91, refrigerant vapor outlet 92, absorbing liquid outlet 93
Etc. are provided. The uppermost part 2c of the inner cylinder 2 penetrates through the gas-liquid separation part 9, and the top part is an exhaust gas outlet 10. Note that, depending on the target to which the steam generator is equipped, a structure in which the gas-liquid separator 9 is placed in another place and the gas-liquid separator 9 and the flow path 3 are connected by a pipe may be used. On the other hand, between the refrigerant vapor outlet 92 and a low-temperature regenerator described later, it is also possible to omit the steam piping and to have a structure in which the low-temperature regenerator is directly connected to the gas-liquid separator.

The upper portion 2b of the inner cylinder 2 is a bellows tube as an uneven portion having a vertical cross section formed in an uneven shape.
In this example, the lower part 2a having the combustion chamber and the uppermost part 2c forming the flue are formed by straight pipes, but this part can also be a bellows pipe. Further, the entire upper portion 2b may not necessarily be formed as a bellows tube. Instead of the bellows tube, it is also possible to use a tube formed by roller pressing in which a roller is pressed against a straight tube and spirally fed to form a corrugated tube cross section.

In the upper part 2b of the inner pipe 2, a refractory insert 11 as a cylindrical body is disposed at an appropriate distance from the bellows pipe so as to narrow the flow path of the combustion gas. Is fixed in some way. This interval is set to an appropriate value in consideration of the heat exchange efficiency between the rising combustion gas and the liquid in the flow path, pressure loss, and the like. In the illustrated example, when the inner and outer cylinders are cylindrical, the refractory insert 11 is also a cylindrical body. However, since the temperature of the combustion gas decreases from the bottom to the top and the specific volume decreases, the diameter of the refractory insert 11 decreases at the bottom and increases at the top and the flow rate of the combustion gas becomes substantially constant. Such a structure may be adopted. Also, the refractory insert 11 may be formed of a bellows tube.

In addition, without providing the refractory insert 11, the cross-sectional area of the bellows tube is gradually reduced from the lower side to the upper side, and the turbulent flow condition is always maintained at a gas flow velocity of a certain level or more to promote heat exchange. A structure is also possible.

FIG. 2 shows an example of the structure of an absorption air conditioner equipped with a high temperature regenerator to which the present invention is applied. The absorption air conditioner 50 of this example is of an air-cooled type, and has a high temperature regenerator 5 shown in FIG.
1 and a low-temperature regenerator 52 which is directly connected to the gas-liquid separation section 9 and directly introduces the generated steam into the steam header portion; an evaporator 53 which evaporates or condenses the refrigerant at the time of cooling or heating; A cool / hot air fan 54 for supplying cool air or hot air, an absorber 55 for absorbing the refrigerant evaporated or condensed by the evaporator with an absorbing liquid, a condenser 56 for condensing the refrigerant evaporated in the cooling operation, and a condenser at this time. A cooling air fan 57 for sending cooling air to cool the absorber 56 and the absorber 55, and other various auxiliary equipments, such as a heat exchanger, a valve, an instrument, a sensor, and a control panel, are provided.

In this apparatus, the high-temperature regenerator 51 is set upright and arranged on one side of the cooling air fan 57,
7, a low-temperature regenerator 52 is disposed. Therefore,
By using the high temperature regenerator of the present invention, the arrangement of this portion is maximized. If a furnace tube regenerator is used as the high-temperature regenerator as in the conventional apparatus, it is impossible to simplify the structure of the absorption cooling / heating machine in this way. In this example, an air-cooled absorption air conditioner is shown, but the arrangement of the high-temperature regenerator of the present invention is still effective for a water-cooled absorption air conditioner.
The same applies to an apparatus using another absorption refrigeration cycle such as an absorption refrigerator.

The high-temperature regenerator according to the present invention provided in such an absorption cooling / heating machine has the following operation. The absorbing liquid having a low concentration by absorbing the refrigerant in the absorber 55 shown in FIG. 2 is supplied to the low-temperature regenerator 5 through a pump or a heat exchanger (not shown).
2 where it is heated and evaporates a portion of the absorbed refrigerant. The evaporated refrigerant vapor is introduced into the condenser 54. The absorption liquid having an intermediate concentration by evaporating a part of the refrigerant is introduced into the flow path 3 from the absorption liquid inlet 8 of the high-temperature regenerator shown in FIG. 1 via a pump, a heat exchanger, and the like (not shown).

The intermediate-concentration absorbing liquid introduced into the flow passage 3 absorbs combustion heat by radiant heat transfer in the lower portion 2a where the combustion chamber 4 is located, and contacts heat transfer in the upper portion 2b which is a bellows tube. As a result, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the combustion gas and evaporates the absorbed refrigerant to become a highly concentrated liquid. In this case, in the bellows tube portion, the contact heat transfer area is enlarged, the flow of the combustion gas becomes turbulent due to the bellows tube shape, the heat transfer efficiency on the gas side is greatly improved, Although the turbulence is generated by the bellows tube and the flow path 3 is narrow, the heat transfer is sufficiently promoted. It absorbs heat efficiently and evaporates the absorbed refrigerant sufficiently.

On the other hand, since the flow path 3 is formed in a narrow space by the double pipe structure, the amount of liquid retained therein is much smaller than that of the conventional flue-tube type regenerator, and is about 60%. Therefore, when the high-temperature regenerator of the present invention is applied to an absorption cooling / heating machine, extremely expensive absorption liquid can be saved, and the overall cost of the apparatus can be reduced. In addition, as mentioned above,
Although the lower portion 2a of the inner tube 2 may be formed as a bellows tube continuous from the upper portion 2b, the lower portion 2a is mainly a radiant heat transfer surface and the liquid holding amount is reduced. Then it is a straight pipe.

The absorption liquid that has risen in the flow path 3 reaches the gas-liquid separation section 9 where the refrigerant liquid is evaporated to become a high-concentration liquid and sent out from the absorption liquid outlet 93. This absorbent is sent to the absorber 55 via a heat exchanger or the like (not shown),
The refrigerant vapor evaporated in 3 is absorbed.

The refrigerant vapor separated in the gas-liquid separation section 9 via the eliminator 91 flows into the inlet side header portion of the adjacent low-temperature regenerator 52 as described above, and heats the absorption liquid to liquefy it. It is introduced into the evaporator 53 via the condenser 56.

In the absorption cooler / heater, a cool / hot air fan 54 sends air passing through the evaporator 53, and at the time of cooling, the air evaporates the refrigerant liquid condensed in the condenser 56, and is cooled by the latent heat to be cooled. It becomes cold wind. During heating, the refrigerant vapor generated by the high-temperature regenerator 51 flows into the evaporator 53 via the low-temperature regenerator 52 and a solenoid valve (not shown), and the air sent by the cool / hot air fan 54 condenses the refrigerant vapor, and the latent heat Is heated to produce warm air for heating. The cooling and heating operation is performed in this manner.

According to the high temperature regenerator described above, the radiation heat transfer surface forming the combustion chamber portion and the contact heat transfer surface of the upper portion extend in a straight line, so that the structure can be reduced in size and simplified. Installation space can be minimized. As a result, the entire structure of the absorption air conditioner equipped with the high-temperature regenerator can be compactly assembled. In addition, such a simplification of the structure makes it possible to make the high-temperature regenerator suitable for mass production.

In the above description, the upper portion 2b in which the combustion gas rises in the inner cylinder 2 is a tube having an uneven cross section such as a bellows tube, and a refractory insert 11 is disposed therein, and the upper portion 2b is Although the example in which the contact heat transfer surface has an enlarged area is shown, if the height is allowed to be increased to some extent due to arrangement or the like, the inner cylinder 2 may have an uneven cross-section or may have The inner and outer cylinders may have a simple double-pipe structure to simplify the shape without disposing the refractory insert. In this case, the inner cylinder 2 also serves as a radiation heat transfer surface.

In the above, the double effect type having two types of regenerators has been described in which the absorption liquid of the low temperature regenerator 52 is heated by the steam generated by the high temperature regenerator 51.
It goes without saying that the present invention can also be effectively used as a regenerator of a single-effect type device. Further, the present invention is not limited to these, and is, for example, a steam boiler that generates steam from water and is installed in a narrow space such as a mechanical device, or can be applied to an evaporative concentrator used in a chemical plant. is there.

[0025]

As described above, according to the present invention, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the lower part forming the combustion chamber and the upper part in which the combustion gas rises are formed in the outer cylinder vertically erected. Since the inner cylinder is provided, the steam generator becomes straight in the up-down direction, the structure can be reduced in size and simplified, and the installation area can be minimized. Since the liquid flow path is formed between the inner and outer pipes, the liquid holding amount can be greatly reduced as compared with a conventional furnace tube type structure. As a result, when the steam generator is used for expensive liquids, the overall cost of the apparatus can be reduced.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above, since at least the upper portion is provided with an uneven portion having an uneven vertical section, the size is increased by the turbulent flow effect and the heat transfer surface enlarging effect by the uneven portion. Therefore, a large evaporation capacity can be obtained.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above, since the tubular body is disposed in the upper portion so as to narrow the combustion gas flow path, the flow rate of the combustion gas is increased and the gas flow is disturbed. And the heat exchanger performance can be further improved.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the steam generator handles the absorption liquid absorbing the refrigerant for the absorption refrigeration cycle, the steam generator can be used as a regenerator for an apparatus using an absorption refrigeration cycle such as an absorption chiller / heater. Can be used. As a result, the effect of cost reduction by reducing the space of such an apparatus and reducing the amount of retained liquid becomes more remarkable.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a high-temperature regenerator as an example of a steam generator to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a schematic structure of an absorption air conditioner equipped with the high temperature regenerator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outer cylinder 2 Inner cylinder 2a Lower part 2b Upper part (uneven part) 3 Flow path 4 Combustion chamber 11 Refractory insert (tubular body) 51 High temperature regenerator

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Osamu Oishi, 1000 Aochi-cho, Kusatsu-shi, Shiga Prefecture, Kawagei-Hiroshi Kogyo Co., Ltd. (72) Atsushi Sekikawa 1-5-20, Kaigan, Minato-ku, Tokyo Tokyo Gas Inside the Company (72) Inventor Ryuichiro Kawakami Within Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. 4-1-2 Hirano-cho, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka (72) Inventor Toshiharu Shimizu 507-2 Shinhocho, Tokai-shi, Aichi Prefecture Toho Gas Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kenji Ooka 2-4-1 Hamamatsucho, Minato-ku, Tokyo Inside Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A steam generator for burning fuel in a combustion chamber to generate steam from a liquid by the generated heat, comprising: an outer cylinder vertically provided in the vertical direction; and an inner cylinder provided in the outer cylinder. An inner cylinder having a lower part forming the combustion chamber and an upper part in which combustion gas rises, and a flow formed in a space between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder for flowing the liquid. A steam generator having a path. 2. A steam generator, characterized in that at least a vertical section of the upper portion has an uneven portion formed in an uneven shape. 3. The steam generator according to claim 2, wherein a tubular body is provided in the upper portion so as to narrow a combustion gas flow path in the upper portion. 4. The steam generator according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is an absorbing liquid that has absorbed a refrigerant, and the vapor is a vapor obtained by separating and evaporating the refrigerant by heating.