JPH10274887A - Image forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To provide an image forming method in which transfer efficiency from an electrostatic latent image carrier to an intermediate transfer member and transfer efficiency from an intermediate transfer member to a transfer material are extremely high. SOLUTION: After a toner image 72 formed on an electrostatic latent image carrier 1 is transferred to an intermediate transfer member 20, the toner image is transferred onto the transfer material while the intermediate transfer member is in contact with a transfer material. An image forming method for fixing a toner image on a transfer material by a heat fixing means, wherein the surface layer of the intermediate transfer body contains 20 to 80% by weight of a highly lubricating substance, A magnetic toner for developing an electrostatic charge image having toner particles containing a resin, a magnetic substance and a wax and inorganic fine powder, wherein the toner has a DSC endothermic main peak in the range of 60 to 120 ° C.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an image forming method used in a recording method utilizing an electrophotographic method, an electrostatic recording method, a magnetic recording method, or the like. Specifically, after the toner image formed on the electrostatic latent image carrier is transferred to the intermediate transfer member, the toner image is transferred onto the transfer material while the intermediate transfer member is in contact with the transfer material, and heated with a heat roller. The present invention relates to an image forming method used for a copying machine, a printer, and a facsimile for fixing and forming an image.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An image forming apparatus using an intermediate transfer member includes:
A color image forming apparatus or a multi-color image forming apparatus or a multi-color image forming apparatus that sequentially outputs a plurality of component color images of the color image information or the multi-color image information and outputs an image formed by combining and reproducing the color image or the multi-color image. The image forming apparatus is effective as an image forming apparatus having a forming function and a multicolor image forming function, and can obtain an image without overlapping deviation (color deviation) of each component color image.

A color electrophotographic apparatus having an image forming apparatus using an intermediate transfer member is a conventional technique in which a transfer material is stuck or adsorbed on a transfer drum, and an image is transferred from the electrostatic latent image carrier to the transfer material. It is superior to a color electrophotographic apparatus having an image forming apparatus, for example, a transfer method as described in JP-A-63-301960, in the following points.

(1) There is little color shift at the time of superimposing toner images of each color.

(2) Processing and controlling the transfer material (for example, gripping by a gripper, sucking, giving a curvature, etc.)
Since the image can be transferred from the intermediate transfer member without the need for a transfer member, a wide variety of transfer materials can be selected.
For example, thin paper (40 g /
It is possible to transfer from transfer paper (m ² paper) to thick paper (200 g / m ² paper) irrespective of the width of the transfer material, the length of the transfer material, or the thickness of the transfer material.

(3) Since the intermediate transfer member is excellent in rigidity, dimensional accuracy such as dents, distortion, deformation, etc. is unlikely to occur due to repeated use, so that the frequency of replacing the intermediate transfer member can be reduced. .

As described above, due to the advantages of using the intermediate transfer member, a color copying machine, a color printer, and the like using the image forming apparatus have already started operating in the market.

[0008]

However, these color electrophotographic apparatuses do not function as apparatuses which fully utilize the above-mentioned advantages and which are truly expected and satisfied by users. It is. That is, when the image forming apparatus using the intermediate transfer body is actually used repeatedly in various environments, there are still the following problems.

(1) The transfer efficiency from an electrostatic latent image carrier such as a photosensitive drum to an intermediate transfer member and the transfer efficiency from the intermediate transfer member to a transfer material such as paper or an OHP sheet are not sufficiently high. . Therefore, a cleaning device to be provided for the photosensitive drum and the intermediate transfer member is indispensable, and
Since a large amount of residual toner is cleaned, the load on the apparatus becomes large, and the cleaning apparatus becomes considerably complicated in structure and expensive.

(2) An image transferred to an intermediate transfer member and a part of an image transferred to a transfer material are not transferred as shown in FIG. May be. This is caused by the fact that the transfer efficiency has not been achieved at 100% as described in (1).
As the cause, the material used for the intermediate transfer body, surface properties, resistance, or the magnitude of the applied bias at the time of transfer, its timing or the mechanical configuration of the image forming apparatus, etc. are considered to act in combination, The main cause is unknown. However, it is known that the deterioration becomes worse as the durability of the intermediate transfer member advances or as the environment becomes lower in temperature and humidity.

(3) The surface properties and resistance of the intermediate transfer member may change as the durability of the intermediate transfer member is increased by repeated use. In extreme cases, abrasion occurs on the surface of the intermediate transfer member, and it becomes impossible to maintain good transfer efficiency and a uniform image obtained at the beginning.

(4) In the case where an intermediate transfer member cleaner for removing untransferred toner from the intermediate transfer member before the next series of transfer steps is provided, the cleaning method may be blade cleaning. , Fur brush cleaning, or a combination thereof,
When the cycle of transferring, adhering, and releasing the toner on the surface of the intermediate transfer member is repeated thousands or tens of thousands of times, the toner that cannot be completely removed by the cleaner gradually accumulates on the surface of the intermediate transfer member, So-called filming is formed. In such a case, the transferability of the toner from the first image carrier deteriorates, resulting in an image which looks like a spot-like white spot due to poor transfer of the filmed portion, lowers the image quality, or reduces the overall transfer efficiency. Causes a decline.

However, the present invention proposes an image forming method using an intermediate transfer member and toner which solves the above-mentioned problems.

An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming method in which transfer efficiency from an electrostatic latent image carrier to an intermediate transfer member and transfer efficiency from the intermediate transfer member to a transfer material are extremely high.

Another object is to provide an image having uniform and uniform image quality, which is free from so-called hollow images and does not cause transfer failure of minute portions of the image without depending on the type of paper or OHP sheet as a transfer material. The present invention provides a forming method.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an image forming method which does not change even under severe durability by repeated use of the intermediate transfer member and can maintain the same characteristics as those of the initial stage.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an image forming method which does not cause filming due to toner adhesion to the surface of an intermediate transfer member.

[0018]

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above objects, and as a result, have found that a material containing a highly lubricating material is used as a material constituting the surface layer of the intermediate transfer member. It has been found that the above-mentioned object can be achieved by using or preferably defining the contact angle and sliding resistance of the surface of the intermediate transfer member, and by defining the thermal characteristics of the toner. It was completed.

That is, according to the present invention, after a toner image formed on an electrostatic latent image carrier is transferred to an intermediate transfer member, the toner image is transferred onto the transfer material while the intermediate transfer member is in contact with the transfer material. In an image forming method for transferring and fixing a toner image on the transfer material by a heat fixing means, the surface layer of the intermediate transfer body contains 20 to 80% by weight of a highly lubricating substance,
The toner is a magnetic toner for developing an electrostatic charge image having toner particles containing at least a binder resin, a magnetic substance and a wax, and inorganic fine powder, wherein the toner has a DSC endothermic main peak within a range of 60 to 120 ° C. An image forming method according to any one of the preceding claims.

Further, according to the present invention, after a toner image formed on an electrostatic latent image carrier is transferred to an intermediate transfer member, the toner image is transferred onto the transfer material while the intermediate transfer member is in contact with the transfer material. In the image forming method in which the toner image is transferred and the toner image on the transfer material is fixed by a heating and fixing unit, the contact angle of water of the intermediate transfer body is 60 ° or more, and the slip resistance is 200 g or less, and the toner has at least What is claimed is: 1. A magnetic toner for developing an electrostatic image, comprising toner particles containing a binder resin, a magnetic substance and a wax, and inorganic fine powder, wherein the toner has a DSC endothermic main peak in the range of 60 to 120 ° C. Image forming method.

An image forming method in which a toner image formed on an electrostatic latent image carrier is transferred to an intermediate transfer member, and further transferred to a transfer material, and the toner image on the transfer material is fixed by a heating and fixing means. In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the secondary transfer property and durability are improved by reducing the adhesion of toner by the surface lubricity of the intermediate transfer body, and at the same time, the filming is prevented, Can be reduced. For this purpose, a method of adding a lubricant to the constituent material of the intermediate transfer member is preferable. However, when a liquid lubricant such as silicone oil is used, the so-called lubricant leaks out to the surface of the intermediate transfer member over time. Bleeding may occur, and the exuded lubricant may adhere to the photoreceptor and cause serious defects such as cracks on the photoreceptor surface. This tendency is particularly remarkable when an organic photoreceptor is used.

Accordingly, in the present invention, a high lubricity is imparted to the surface of the intermediate transfer member by adding a specific amount of a highly lubricating powder to the material constituting the surface of the intermediate transfer member. By defining the contact angle of water and the slip resistance in the preferred ranges, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of bleeding due to the use of a lubricant and to achieve high transfer efficiency and prevention of filming.

These effects can be expected to be improved to some extent even when the conventional toner is used, but the transferability can be further improved by using the toner of the present invention. The transfer efficiency of about 80% when the conventional toner is used is 88% or more by the toner of the present invention.
It has been found that a transfer efficiency of 93% can be obtained. It has also been found that filming is prevented at the same time, and wear of the photoreceptor is reduced.

Further, by using an intermediate transfer member having a high release surface according to the present invention and a toner having high transferability and high release characteristics together, an intermediate transfer member cleaner (35 in FIG. 1) is used as shown in FIG. ), The toner 71 on the intermediate transfer body 20 can be removed by cleaning only by contacting the intermediate resistance cleaning roller 70 to which the bias can be applied with the intermediate transfer body 20.

[0025]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

(Image Forming Process) FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of an image forming apparatus which is a transfer apparatus using an intermediate transfer body having a roller shape.

FIG. 1 shows a color image forming apparatus (copier or laser beam printer) using an electrophotographic process. Medium resistance elastic roller 2 as intermediate transfer member
0 is used.

Reference numeral 1 denotes a rotating drum type electrophotographic photosensitive member (hereinafter, referred to as a photosensitive drum) which is repeatedly used as a first image carrier, and has a predetermined peripheral speed (process speed) in a clockwise direction indicated by an arrow. It is driven to rotate.

In the course of rotation, the photosensitive drum 1 is uniformly charged to a predetermined polarity and potential by a primary charger (corona discharger) 2, and then subjected to image exposure means (color separation / composition of a color original image) as shown by the arrow. An image exposure optical system, a scanning exposure system using a laser scanner that outputs a laser beam modulated in accordance with a time-series electric digital pixel signal of image information, etc.) to obtain a first color image of a target color image. (For example, a magenta component image) is formed.

Next, the electrostatic latent image is transferred to the first developing device 41.
(Magenta developing device) is developed with magenta toner M as the first color. At this time, the second to fourth developing devices 42,
43,44 (cyan, yellow, black developing units)
Is turned off and does not act on the photosensitive drum 1,
The first color magenta toner image is not affected by the second to fourth developing units 42 to 44.

The intermediate transfer member 20 is driven to rotate at the same peripheral speed as the photosensitive drum 1 in the counterclockwise direction indicated by the arrow.
The intermediate transfer body 20 includes a pipe-shaped core 21 and an elastic layer 22 formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof.

The above-described first type formed and supported on the photosensitive drum 1
In the process in which the magenta toner image of the color passes through the nip portion between the photosensitive drum 1 and the intermediate transfer body 20, an outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer body 20 is generated by an electric field formed by a primary transfer bias applied to the intermediate transfer body 20. The intermediate transfer is sequentially performed.

After the transfer of the magenta toner image of the first color corresponding to the intermediate transfer member 20, the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 is cleaned by the cleaning device 14.

Hereinafter, similarly, the cyan toner image of the second color,
The third color yellow toner image and the fourth color black toner image are sequentially superimposed and transferred onto the intermediate transfer body 20 to form a composite color toner image corresponding to the target color image.

Reference numeral 25 denotes a transfer roller, which is provided in parallel with the intermediate transfer member 20 so as to bear in parallel with the intermediate transfer member 20 and contact the lower surface thereof.

First transfer from the photosensitive drum 1 to the intermediate transfer member 20
The primary transfer bias for the sequential superimposed transfer of the toner images of the fourth to fourth colors has a polarity (+) opposite to that of the toner and a bias power source 6
Applied from 1. The applied voltage is, for example, +2 kV to +
The range is 5 kV.

First transfer from the photosensitive drum 1 to the intermediate transfer member 20
The transfer roller 25 and the intermediate transfer member cleaner 35 can be separated from the intermediate transfer member 20 in the process of sequentially transferring the toner images of the fourth to fourth colors.

The transfer of the composite color toner image superimposedly transferred onto the intermediate transfer member 20 onto the transfer material 24 is carried out while the transfer roller 25 is in contact with the intermediate transfer member 20 and the intermediate transfer member 20 is fed from the paper feed cassette 9. The transfer material 24 is fed to the contact nip between the transfer roller 25 and the transfer roller 25 at a predetermined timing, and at the same time, a secondary transfer bias is applied to the transfer roller 25 from the bias power supply 29. The composite color toner image is transferred from the intermediate transfer body 20 to the transfer material 24 by the secondary transfer bias. The transfer material 24 to which the toner image has been transferred is introduced into the fixing device 15 and is fixed by heating.

After the image transfer to the transfer material 24 is completed, the transfer residual toner on the intermediate transfer member 20 is cleaned by contacting the intermediate transfer member cleaner 35.

On the other hand, FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of an image forming apparatus which is a transfer apparatus using an intermediate transfer member having a belt shape.
Shown in

FIG. 5 shows a color image forming apparatus (copier or laser beam printer) using an electrophotographic process. Medium resistance elastic belt 10 as intermediate transfer member
4 is used.

Reference numeral 1 denotes a rotating drum type photosensitive drum that is repeatedly used as a first image carrier, and is driven to rotate at a predetermined peripheral speed (process speed) clockwise as indicated by an arrow.

In the course of rotation, the photosensitive drum 1 is uniformly charged to a predetermined polarity and potential by a primary charger (corona discharger) 2, and then subjected to image exposure means (color separation / composition of a color original image) shown by an arrow. An image exposure optical system, a scanning exposure system using a laser scanner that outputs a laser beam modulated in accordance with a time-series electric digital pixel signal of image information, etc.) to obtain a first color image of a target color image. (For example, a magenta component image) is formed.

Next, the electrostatic latent image is transferred to the first developing device 41.
(Magenta developing device) is developed with magenta toner M as the first color. At this time, the second to fourth developing devices 42,
43,44 (cyan, yellow, black developing units)
Is turned off and does not act on the photosensitive drum 1,
The first color magenta toner image is not affected by the second to fourth developing units 42 to 44.

The intermediate transfer member 104 is rotated at the same peripheral speed as the photosensitive drum 1 in the counterclockwise direction indicated by the arrow.

The above-mentioned first type formed and carried on the photosensitive drum 1
While the magenta toner image of the color passes through the nip portion between the photosensitive drum 1 and the intermediate transfer body 20, the intermediate transfer body 104
The intermediate transfer is sequentially performed on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer body 104 by the electric field formed by the primary transfer bias applied to the intermediate transfer member 104.

After the transfer of the first color magenta toner image corresponding to the intermediate transfer member 104, the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 is
The cleaning is performed by the cleaning device 14.

Hereinafter, similarly, the cyan toner image of the second color,
The yellow toner image of the third color and the black toner image of the fourth color are sequentially superimposed and transferred on the intermediate transfer member 104 to form a composite color toner image corresponding to the target color image.

Reference numeral 62 denotes a secondary transfer wire.
04 and are arranged in parallel.

The primary transfer bias for the sequential superposition transfer of the first to fourth color toner images from the photosensitive drum 1 to the intermediate transfer member 104 is applied from a bias power supply 61 with a polarity (+) opposite to that of the toner. . The applied voltage is, for example, +2 kV or more.
The range is +5 kV.

In the step of sequentially transferring the toner images of the first to fourth colors from the photosensitive drum 1 to the intermediate transfer member 104,
The intermediate transfer member cleaner 35 can be separated from the intermediate transfer member 104.

The transfer of the composite color toner image superimposedly transferred onto the intermediate transfer member 104 onto the transfer material 24 is performed at a predetermined timing when the transfer material 24 comes from the paper feed cassette 9 onto the secondary transfer wire 62. A secondary transfer bias is applied to the secondary transfer wire 62 from the bias power supply 29, and the composite color toner image is transferred from the intermediate transfer body 104 to the transfer material 24. The transfer material 24 to which the toner image has been transferred is introduced into the fixing device 15 and is fixed by heating.

(Intermediate Transfer Body) The highly lubricating substance used in the present invention can impart lubricity to the surface of the intermediate transfer body. To determine the lubricity of the powder used in the present invention, the following is required. Such a method can be used.

20 parts by weight of the powder to be tested and a resin used for the intermediate transfer member surface layer, for example, urethane prepolymer 1
Then, 5 parts by weight of a curing agent were added and mixed, and then spray-coated on a PET plate to prepare a test sample. At this time, care should be taken to adjust the viscosity of the coating with a mixed solvent such as toluene and MEK that can be dissolved to obtain a uniform coating surface. On the other hand, a comparative painted sample is prepared in the same manner except that the powder to be tested is not added. Next, the slip resistance of both is measured using a surface property measuring device HEIDON-14DR (manufactured by Shinto Kagaku). As a measurement method,
An unpainted PET plate was fixed to an ASTM flat indenter as an object to be measured, and 100 mm / mi under a vertical load of 200 gf.
The coating sample is moved horizontally at a speed of n. If the slip resistance of the test sample is 80% or less of the comparative sample,
The test powder can be judged as a highly lubricating substance.

On the other hand, when the physical properties are such that the contact angle of water on the surface of the intermediate transfer member is 60 ° or more and the slip resistance is 200 g or less, the releasability of the toner is large and the transfer efficiency is improved. Therefore, the filming resistance is also improved at the same time. Also, increasing the contact angle with water has the effect of reducing the environmental dependence of electrical resistance. This is presumed to be because the surface of the intermediate transfer member is hydrophobic, so that the intermediate transfer member is less likely to absorb moisture, and is less likely to be affected by humidity in the use environment. Further, since the transfer efficiency is improved, the cleaning can be performed by the simple cleaning device as described above, so that the load on the surface of the intermediate transfer member is reduced, and as a result, the life of the intermediate transfer member is improved. If the contact angle of water of the intermediate transfer member is less than 60 ° and the slip resistance exceeds 200 g, the releasability of the toner is reduced, which causes a decrease in transfer efficiency, deterioration of image quality, and filming.

Therefore, in order to achieve the object of the present invention, a material having the above-mentioned characteristics is selected. Examples of the highly lubricating substance include the following, but are not necessarily limited thereto. Powders of fluororubber, fluoroelastomer, fluorocarbon in which fluorine is bonded to graphite or graphite, and fluorine compounds such as resins such as PTFE, PVDF, ETFE, and PFA; silicone resins such as silicone resin particles, silicone rubber, and silicone elastomer Powders; resins such as PE, PP, PS, acrylic resin, nylon resin, phenolic resin, and epoxy resin, and powders of these compounds and mixtures, granular carbon such as granular graphite, silica, alumina, titanium oxide, and magnesium oxide , Tin oxide, iron oxide and the like, and these can be used after surface treatment, or can be used alone or in combination.

The shape and particle size of the highly lubricating particles are not particularly limited, and any shape such as a spherical shape, a fibrous shape, a plate shape, and an irregular shape can be used as long as lubricity is obtained.
The particle size is not limited, but is preferably 0.02 to 50 μm in consideration of dispersibility and surface properties. These powders may be subjected to a surface treatment as needed within a range that does not impair lubricity. Also, a dispersant can be used within a range that does not cause a problem in various properties.

In order for the image forming method of the present invention to exhibit the desired effects, the highly lubricating material satisfying the object of the present invention is required to be based on the solid content before the material constituting the surface layer of the intermediate transfer member. It is necessary to occupy 20 to 80% by weight, preferably 25 to 75% by weight. Content is 20% by weight
If it is less than 3, lubricity is insufficiently imparted, secondary transfer efficiency and durability are reduced, and toner filming occurs. If it exceeds 80% by weight, the adhesion to the binder component will be insufficient, and the durability will be reduced.

In order to prepare a substance constituting the surface layer of the intermediate transfer member, a known method can be appropriately used as a method for mixing and dispersing such a powder in a binder such as a resin, an elastomer or a rubber. . When the binder component is a rubber or an elastomer, a device such as a roll mill, a kneader, or a Banbury mixer is used. When the binder component is a liquid, it can be dispersed using a ball mill, a bead mill, a homogenizer, a paint shaker, a nanomizer, or the like.

The highly lubricating substance used in the present invention needs to appear on the surface of the intermediate transfer member, and therefore needs to be added to the composition constituting the surface layer of the intermediate transfer member. When the intermediate transfer member is composed of a plurality of layers, it must be added at least in the outermost layer.

By forming such a surface layer, the contact angle of water and the slip resistance can be set in desired ranges.

As the intermediate transfer member used in the present invention, FIGS.
The roller shape shown in FIG. 4, that is, a roller shape having an elastic layer 101 made of rubber, elastomer or resin on the outer peripheral surface of, for example, a cylindrical conductive support (core bar) 100 (FIG. 2). A roller shape having one coating layer 102 on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer 101 (FIG. 3);
Alternatively, two coating layers 10 may be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer 101.
The purpose and the need can be selected from the roller shape having the rollers 2 and 103 (FIG. 4), the belt shape 104 as shown in FIG. 5, and the intermediate transfer member in various modes. Taking into account the color misregistration of image superposition and the durability due to repetition, a more preferable shape of the intermediate transfer member is a roller shape.

The cylindrical conductive support (core bar) can be manufactured using a metal or alloy such as aluminum, iron, copper and stainless steel, a conductive resin in which carbon, metal particles and the like are dispersed, and the like. Examples of the shape include a cylindrical shape as described above, a shape in which a shaft passes through the center of the cylinder, and a shape in which the inside of the cylinder is reinforced.

The rubber, elastomer, and resin used for the elastic layer and the cover layer of the intermediate transfer member used in the present invention include:
For example, as the elastomer or rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, high styrene rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer, chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, silicone rubber, fluorine rubber,
Examples include acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, urethane rubber, acrylic rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polynorbornene rubber, and the like. Further, as resins, polystyrene, chloropolystyrene, poly-α-methylstyrene, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-vinyl chloride copolymer, styrene-vinyl oxide copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer, styrene -Acrylate copolymers (styrene-methyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-octyl acrylate copolymer and styrene-phenyl acrylate copolymer) Styrene-methacrylic ester copolymers (styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-phenyl methacrylate copolymer, etc.), styrene-α-chloroacrylic acid Methyl copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-acryl Styrene resins such as acrylate copolymers (mono- or copolymers containing styrene or styrene substituents), methyl methacrylate resin, butyl methacrylate resin, ethyl acrylate resin, butyl acrylate resin, modified acrylic Resins (silicone-modified acrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin-modified acrylic resin, acrylic / urethane resin, etc.), vinyl chloride resin, styrene-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, rosin-modified maleic resin, phenol resin , Epoxy resin, polyester resin, polyester polyurethane resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutadiene, polyvinylidene chloride, ionomer resin, polyurethane resin, silicone resin, fluorine resin, ketone resin, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, xylene Resins and polyvinyl butyral resins, polyamide resins, modified polyphenylene oxide resins.

The thickness of the elastic layer is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 1 mm or more, and particularly preferably 1 mm to 10 mm. Further, the thickness of the coating layer is preferably a thin layer for transmitting the flexibility of the lower elastic layer further to the upper layer or the surface of the photoreceptor, specifically 1 mm or less, more preferably 500 μm or less. In particular, the thickness is preferably 1 μm to 200 mm.

The resistance value of the intermediate transfer member used in the present invention is 1
It is preferably 0 ⁴ ~10 ¹⁰ Ω.

In order to control the resistance as described above, it is necessary to add a conductive agent in some cases. The conductive agent can be added as appropriate as long as the object of the present invention is not hindered. For example, carbon, aluminum powder, nickel powder, or the like can be used. However, when conductive titanium oxide is used, the resistance can be adjusted and the relative dielectric constant can be improved.
It is also conceivable to use a conductive resin instead of dispersing a conductive agent in the resin. Specific examples include quaternary ammonium salt-containing polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylaniline, polyvinylpyrrole, polydiacetylene, and polyethyleneimine. Among these, a conductive particle-dispersed resin is preferred from the viewpoint of controlling the conductivity.

The intermediate transfer member of the present invention is manufactured, for example, as follows.

First, a metal roll as a cylindrical conductive support is prepared. An elastic layer is provided by molding rubber, elastomer, resin, or the like on a metal roll by melt molding, injection molding, dip coating, spray coating, or the like. Next, the coating layer is provided by forming the material of the coating layer on the elastic layer by melt molding, injection molding, dip coating, spray coating, or the like.

(Toner) On the other hand, in the toner used in the present invention, it is preferable that the wax used has a DSC endothermic main peak in the range of 60 to 120 ° C. (more preferably 70 to 110 ° C.).

The use of the intermediate transfer member having high releasability according to the present invention provides an image forming method having high transferability. However, the above-described wax is further contained in a magnetic toner to provide high transfer performance. By providing high mold release performance, an image forming method having higher transferability is provided.

The DSC endothermic main peak of the wax was 12
If at least one temperature is 0 ° C. or less (more preferably 110 ° C. or less), the effect of improving transferability is exhibited. Further, the endothermic peak may be located at a temperature exceeding 120 ° C. However, it is preferable that the endothermic peak in DSC does not exist below 60 ° C (more preferably 70 ° C or lower). If the endothermic peak in DSC exists below 60 ° C., the image density may be low. Also, the storage stability tends to be unstable. Endothermic peak is 120 ° C
If it does not exist below and exists only above 120 ° C,
A wide fixing temperature range cannot be obtained.

Examples of the wax include petroleum waxes such as paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax and petrolactam and derivatives thereof, montan wax and derivatives thereof, hydrocarbon waxes and derivatives thereof by Fischer-Tropsch method, polyolefin waxes represented by polyethylene and polyolefin waxes thereof. Derivatives, carbana wax,
Natural waxes such as candelilla wax and derivatives thereof, and derivatives include oxides, block copolymers with vinyl monomers, and graft-modified products. Endothermic peaks in DSC of alcohols such as higher aliphatic alcohols; fatty acids such as stearic acid and palmitic acid or compounds thereof; acid amides, esters, ketones, hydrogenated castor oil and derivatives thereof, vegetable waxes, animal waxes, etc., at 120 ° C. or less Anything you have can be used.

Among these, compounds having an endothermic peak in DSC of 120 ° C. or less are at least one wax component selected from the group consisting of polyolefin wax, hydrocarbon wax or petroleum wax by Fischer-Tropsch method, and higher alcohol. And more preferably one or more wax components selected from the group consisting of polyolefin waxes, hydrocarbon waxes by the Fischer-Tropsch method, and petroleum waxes in the toner of the present invention.

When the above-mentioned specific substance is used, effects such as improvement of transferability, prevention of filming, and reduction of abrasion of the photoreceptor are further enhanced.

It is considered that these compounds have relatively low polarities themselves, stabilize the charge of the toner, and increase the charge amount of the toner on the latent electrostatic image bearing member or the intermediate transfer member.

Among these compounds, when the compound having an endothermic peak in DSC at 120 ° C. or lower is a polyolefin wax, a hydrocarbon wax according to the Fischer-Tropsch method, a petroleum wax or a higher alcohol, its weight averaged by GPC measurement. Molecular weight (M
melt-kneading process in the production of toner by incorporating the above wax having a fairly sharp molecular weight distribution in which the ratio (Mw / Mn) of w) to the number average molecular weight (Mn) is 1.0 to 2.0. It is believed that the dispersion state of the magnetic substance, the charge control agent, and the like in the binder resin is more preferable for the present invention.

In the toner of the present invention, the ratio D / C of the value C of the viscoelastic tan δ at 100 ° C. to the value D of the viscoelastic tan δ at 150 ° C. is D / C ≧ 1,
The value of tan δ in the range of 150 ° C. to 190 ° C. is 3.0 ≧ E ≧ 0.5 (more preferably 2.0 ≧ E ≧ 1.
0). When the D / C value and the E value satisfy the above ranges, high transferability and appropriate image gloss can be obtained in a wide fixing temperature range, and also durability stability can be satisfied.

When the D / C value is less than 1, or when the E value exceeds 3.0 or is less than 0.5, the relationship between the glossiness and the fixing temperature region is deteriorated, and further high transferability and durability stability are obtained. Compatibility is difficult. When the E value is 2.0 ≧ E ≧ 1.0, the above characteristics are further improved.

The viscoelastic tan δ value is measured by a viscoelasticity measuring device RDA.
Using a type II (manufactured by Rheometrics), a parallel plate having a diameter of 25 mm as a measuring jig, a measuring frequency of 6.28 radians / second, and a measuring temperature of 100 ° C. to 20 ° C.
The temperature was measured at a rate of 1 ° C./min to 0 ° C.

In the present invention, the toner particles preferably have a weight average diameter of 4 μm to 10 μm in order to further enhance transferability and faithfully develop finer latent image dots.
In toner particles having a weight average diameter of less than 4 μm, a large amount of residual toner remains on the photoreceptor or the intermediate transfer member due to a decrease in transfer efficiency, and further, it is likely to cause non-uniform unevenness of an image due to fog or poor transfer. It is not preferable for the toner used in the present invention. The toner particles have a weight average diameter of 10 μm.
If it exceeds m, characters and line images are likely to scatter.

The average particle size and the particle size distribution of the toner were measured using a Coulter Counter TA-II or Coulter Multisizer (manufactured by Coulter), and an interface (manufactured by Nikkaki) for outputting the number distribution and volume distribution, and PC9.
801 personal computer (manufactured by NEC) is connected, and the electrolyte is 1% NaCl using primary sodium chloride.
Prepare an aqueous solution. For example, ISOTON R-II
(Manufactured by Coulter Scientific Japan) can be used. As a measuring method, the electrolytic aqueous solution 100 to 1
0.1 to 5 ml of a surfactant (preferably an alkylbenzene sulfonate) is added as a dispersant in 50 ml,
Further, 2 to 20 mg of a measurement sample is added. The electrolytic solution in which the sample was suspended was subjected to dispersion treatment for about 1 to 3 minutes using an ultrasonic disperser, and the volume and number of toner particles having a size of 2 μm or more were measured using a 100 μm aperture as the aperture by the Coulter Counter TA-II. The volume distribution and number distribution were calculated. Then, a volume-based weight average particle diameter (D4) determined from the volume distribution according to the present invention and a number-based length average particle diameter (D1) determined from the number distribution were determined.

The binder resin used in the toner according to the present invention has a THF-insoluble content of 5% by weight of the binder resin.
In the binder resin, the content of the component having a molecular weight of less than 50,000 (M
1) is 40 to 70%, the content (M2) of the component having a molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000 is 20 to 45%, and the molecular weight is 50 to 50%.
The content (M3) of the component exceeding 10,000 is 2 to 25%,
It is desirable that Ml ≧ M2 ≧ M3.

By specifying the binder resin used for the toner according to the present invention as described above, filming can be prevented while maintaining higher transferability, and the image quality after durability can be favorably maintained. be able to.

The molecular weight is measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography). Specific GP
As a method for measuring C, a sample obtained by previously extracting a toner with a THF (tetrahydrofuran) solvent using a Soxhlet extractor for 20 hours was used, and the column configuration was A-801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 80 manufactured by Showa Denko.
6,807, and the molecular weight distribution can be measured using a standard polystyrene resin calibration curve.

Examples of the kind of the binder resin used in the present invention include, for example, a homopolymer of styrene such as polystyrene, poly-p-chlorostyrene and polyvinyltoluene and a substituted product thereof; styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymer. Copolymer, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymer, styrene-acrylate copolymer, styrene-methacrylate copolymer, styrene-α-chloromethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene- Acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile- Styrene copolymers such as indene copolymers Coalescence: polyvinyl chloride, phenolic resin, natural resin modified phenolic resin, natural resin modified maleic acid resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyvinyl acetate, silicone resin, polyester resin, polyurethane, polyamide resin, furan resin, epoxy resin, xylene Resins, polyvinyl butyral, terpene resins, cumarone indene resins, petroleum resins and the like can be used. Further, a crosslinked styrene resin is also a preferable binder resin.

Examples of comonomers for the styrene monomer of the styrene copolymer include acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and the like.
Such as dodecyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, etc. A monocarboxylic acid having a heavy bond or a substituted product thereof;
For example, a dicarboxylic acid having a double bond such as maleic acid, butyl maleate, methyl maleate, dimethyl maleate, and the like; and vinyl chloride;
Vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl benzoate and the like, for example, ethylene olefins such as ethylene, propylene, butylene and the like; vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone and vinyl hexyl ketone;
For example, vinyl monomers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, and vinyl isobutyl ether; and the like, or a vinyl monomer such as vinyl monomers, may be used alone or in combination. Here, as the cross-linking agent, a compound having two or more polymerizable double bonds is mainly used, for example, an aromatic divinyl compound such as divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene or the like; for example, ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol Dimethacrylate,
Carboxylic acid esters having two double bonds such as 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate; divinyl compounds such as divinylaniline, divinyl ether, divinyl sulfide and divinyl sulfone; and compounds having three or more vinyl groups; Can be used alone or as a mixture.

The magnetic iron oxide of the toner according to the present invention is made of resin 10
It is used by adding 30 to 200 parts by weight to 0 parts by weight.

Examples of the magnetic material include metal oxides containing elements such as iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, magnesium, manganese, aluminum, and silicon. In the present invention, triiron tetroxide, γ-iron oxide, etc. Magnetic iron oxide containing iron oxide as a main component is preferable, and (a) contains 0.4 to 4% by weight of silicon element based on iron element and / or (b) aluminum element contains 0 to 4 weight% based on iron element. .05-10
% By weight.

Preparation of magnetic iron oxide containing 0.4 to 4% by weight of silicon element based on iron element and / or 0.05 to 10% by weight of aluminum element based on iron element according to the present invention. For example, a known method is used. For example, when a ferrous salt aqueous solution is oxidized at 60 to 90 ° C. to generate magnetic iron oxide, a silicon compound aqueous solution and / or
Alternatively, there is a method in which an aqueous solution of an aluminum compound is mixed in a reaction solution before the oxidation reaction to carry out the oxidation reaction, dropped during the oxidation reaction, or added after the oxidation reaction of the magnetic iron oxide is completed to further react.

Further, the distribution of the silicon element and the aluminum element present in the magnetic iron oxide is continuously increased from the inside of the magnetic iron oxide particle toward the surface by the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-213620. Alternatively, it is preferable to increase stepwise.

[0091] These magnetic iron oxides are produced by the nitrogen adsorption method.
The ET specific surface area is preferably 3 to 35 m ² / g, particularly 5 to 5 m ² / g.
A magnetic powder having 30 m ² / g and a Mohs hardness of 5 to 7 is preferable.

The shape of the magnetic material may be octahedron, hexahedron,
There are spheres, needles, scales, etc., but octahedrons, hexahedrons, spheres, irregular shapes and the like with little anisotropy are preferred in order to increase the image density. The average particle size of the magnetic material is 0.05 to
1.0 μm is preferred, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.1 μm.
6 μm, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.4 μm.

The amount of the magnetic substance is 3 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
0 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 40 to 200 parts by weight, more preferably 50 to 150 parts by weight. If the amount is less than 30 parts by weight, in a developing device using a magnetic force for conveying toner, the conveying property is insufficient and the developer layer on the toner carrier tends to be uneven, resulting in image unevenness. As a result, the image density tends to decrease. On the other hand, if it exceeds 200 parts by weight, a problem tends to occur in the fixing property.

In the toner of the present invention, it is preferable that a charge control agent is blended (internally added) to the toner particles or mixed (externally added) with the toner particles. The charge control agent enables optimal charge control according to the development system.
In particular, in the present invention, it is possible to further stabilize the balance between the particle size distribution and the charge amount. The following substances control the toner to be negatively charged.

For example, organic metal complexes and chelate compounds are effective, and examples thereof include monoazo metal complexes, acetylacetone metal complexes, aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, and aromatic dicarboxylic acid-based metal complexes. Other examples include aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, aromatic mono- and polycarboxylic acids and their metal salts, anhydrides, esters, and phenol derivatives such as bisphenol.

The following substances are controlled to be positively charged.

Modified products of nigrosine and fatty acid metal salts; quaternary ammonium salts such as tributylbenzylammonium-1-hydroxy-4-naphthosulfonate and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate, and phosphonium salts which are analogs thereof Onium salts and lake pigments thereof; triphenylmethane dyes and these lake pigments (as the lacking agent, phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungsten molybdic acid, tannic acid, lauric acid, gallic acid, ferricyanic acid) Metal salts of higher fatty acids; diorganotin oxides such as dibutyltin oxide, dioctyltin oxide, dicyclohexyltin oxide; dibutyltin borate, dioctyltin borate, dicyclohexyl Diorgano tin borate such as Suzuboreto; can be used in combination singly or two or more kinds.

The charge control agents described above are preferably used in the form of fine particles. In this case, the number average particle size of these charge control agents is particularly preferably 4 μm or less, more preferably 3 μm or less. When these charge control agents are internally added to the toner, it is preferable to use 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, particularly 0.2 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.

As the inorganic fine powder contained in the toner of the present invention, known ones may be used. However, in order to improve high transferability, charge stability, developability, fluidity, and storage stability, silica fine powder is used.
It is preferable to be selected from alumina, titania or a composite oxide thereof. Furthermore, silica is more preferable. For example, as the silica, both a so-called dry method produced by vapor phase oxidation of a silicon halide and an alkoxide, and a so-called wet silica produced from an alkoxide, a water glass and the like, and a dry silica called a fumed silica can be used. However, there are few silanol groups on the surface and inside the silica fine powder, and Na ₂ O,
Towards less dry silica of manufacture residues of SO ₃ ^2-like. In the case of fumed silica, it is also possible to obtain a composite fine powder of silica and another metal oxide by using another metal halide such as aluminum chloride and titanium chloride together with a silicon halide in the manufacturing process. Is also included.

[0100] Inorganic fine powder used in the present invention is the specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption measured by BET method is 30 m ² / g or more, give good results, especially in the range of 50 to 400 m ² / g, the toner 100 weight It is particularly preferable to use the silica fine powder in an amount of 0.1 to 8 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight based on parts by weight.

The inorganic fine powder used in the present invention includes:
The primary particle size is preferably 30 nm or less.

The inorganic fine powder used in the present invention comprises:
Silicon varnish, various modified silicone varnishes, silicone oil, various modified silicone oils, silane coupling agents, silane coupling agents having functional groups, other organosilicon compounds, organic It is possible and preferable to use a treating agent such as a titanium compound or a combination of various treating agents.

In order to maintain a high charge amount and achieve a low consumption and a high transfer rate, it is more preferable that the inorganic fine powder be treated with at least silicone oil.

In the present invention, transferability and / or
Alternatively, in order to improve the cleaning property, in addition to the inorganic fine powder, the primary particle size further exceeds 30 nm (preferably, the specific surface area is less than 50 m ² / g), and more preferably 50 nm or less.
It is also a preferred embodiment to further add inorganic or organic particles having a spherical shape of at least nm (preferably having a specific surface area of less than 30 m ² / g). For example, spherical silica particles,
Spherical polymethylsilsesquioxane particles, spherical resin particles and the like are preferably used.

In the toner of the present invention, other additives such as lubricant powders such as Teflon powder, zinc stearate powder and polyvinylidene fluoride powder; cerium oxide powder, silicon carbide Powder,
Abrasives such as strontium titanate powder; fluidity imparting agents such as titanium oxide powder and aluminum oxide powder; anti-caking agents; or conductivity imparting agents such as carbon black powder, zinc oxide powder and tin oxide powder, Organic and inorganic fine particles of opposite polarity can also be used in small amounts as a developer improver.

The magnetic toner particles according to the present invention have a particle size distribution of 0.6 μm or more and
m or less account for 5.0% of the total number of particles
And a number average particle size of 4 to 10 μm.

The circle equivalent diameter and particle size distribution of the toner used in the present invention were measured using a flow particle image analyzer FPIA-1000 manufactured by Toa Medical Electronics Co., Ltd. In this device, the equivalent circle diameter is measured as follows.

As a measuring method, a surfactant (preferably alkylbenzene sulfone) is used as a dispersant in about 50 ml of water (the number of particles in 10 ⁻³ cm ³ is 20 or less) from which fine dust is removed by passing through a filter or the like. Acid drops), about 2 to 20 mg of the measurement sample is further added, and a dispersion treatment is performed for about 1 to 3 minutes with an ultrasonic disperser, and the particle concentration of the measurement sample is increased to 4000 to 8000 particles / 10 ^-3 cm ³ . The adjusted sample solution is flowed in a thin layer in a flow cell, a projection photograph of the flowing particles is taken, the projected area of each particle is measured, and the diameter of a perfect circle having the same area is determined as the equivalent circle diameter. The particle size distribution of the equivalent circle diameter was determined, and the number-based% and the number average particle size of the particles having a particle size of 0.6 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less were calculated.

In the particle size distribution based on the circle equivalent diameter of the toner particles, if the proportion of the particles having a particle size of 0.6 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less is 5.0% or more based on the number, the charge amount of the toner is initially small. There is a large difference between the state and the state after the long run, and a phenomenon occurs in which the transferability of the toner fluctuates accordingly. In addition, ultrafine powder easily accumulates on the surface of the toner carrier or the surface of the intermediate transfer member, and when a resin having a low softening point is used, the accumulated ultrafine powder easily forms a film. As a result, filming is likely to occur, causing problems such as stains on the image, and many image characteristics such as low image density and fogging due to a decrease in transferability are likely to be affected.

Further, the number average particle diameter based on the circle equivalent diameter is 10
If it exceeds μm, it is difficult to obtain a high-definition image stably.

In the magnetic toner of the present invention, particles having a circularity a = 0.90 or more among particles having a particle size of 3 μm or more are 9 based on the number.
30% or more of particles having 0% or more and a circularity of 0.98 or more
% Is more preferable, and when this condition is satisfied, the variation in transferability is further reduced.

The circularity in the present invention is used as a simple method for quantitatively expressing the shape of a particle.
For example, Toa Medical Electronics' flow type particle image analyzer FPIA
The value obtained from the following equation using -1000 is defined as circularity.

[0113]

(Equation 3)

The circularity distribution of the toner in the present invention is determined by the flow type particle image analyzer FPIA- manufactured by Toa Medical Electronics Co., Ltd.
The value measured using 1000 was used.

The measuring method is the same as the method for measuring the equivalent circle diameter described above, and is calculated by the above equation.

The toner used in the present invention can be prepared by a known method. For example, a binder resin, a wax, a metal salt or a metal complex, a pigment or a dye as a coloring agent, a magnetic substance, Accordingly, the charge control agent, other additives, etc. are sufficiently mixed by a mixer such as a Henschel mixer, a ball mill, etc., and then melt-kneaded using a heat kneader such as a heating roll, a kneader, an extruder, and the resins are mutually mixed. After the compatibilization, classification and surface treatment are performed to obtain toner particles, and the inorganic fine powder is added and mixed to obtain the toner used in the present invention. Either the classification or the surface treatment may be performed first. In the classification step, it is preferable to use a multi-division classifier in terms of production efficiency.

Surface treatment (1.3 μm equivalent circle diameter of toner particles)
m) or less, the finely pulverized or further classified toner particles are dispersed in water and heated, a hot water bath is passed through a hot air stream, and mechanical energy is applied. And mechanical shock method.

Of these, the method of applying treatment by mechanical impact is preferable. As a process for applying a process by mechanical impact force, for example, other than a method of applying a mechanical impact force to the toner by a mechanical impact type pulverizer such as a Kawasaki Heavy Industries Croptron System or a Turbo Mills turbo mill, Like high-speed rotating wings, the toner is pressed against the inside of the casing by centrifugal force, and the toner is compressed by a force such as a frictional force, such as a device such as a mechanofusion system manufactured by Hosokawa Micron or a hybridization system manufactured by Nara Machinery. To a treatment by mechanical impact force.

(Heating Fixing Means) As the toner heating fixing means of the present invention, a heat and pressure roll fixing method or a surf fixing method can be used. FIGS. 6 and 7 show examples of both fixing devices.

As an example of the heat and pressure fixing method, in FIG. 6, a heat roller 10 is formed by coating a heat-resistant and abrasion-resistant resin such as PFA on the outside of a cylindrical aluminum alloy. A halogen heater 11 is disposed inside the heater, and the heater is used for heating. As the pressure roller 12, a roller 12b having a core of stainless steel 12a and a silicone sponge adhered to the periphery is used.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the surf fixing method.
, The heating device 6 has a thickness 5 made of polyimide or the like.
It has a cylindrical heat-resistant film 80 of about 0 μm, in which a ceramic heater 81 serving as a heating element is disposed, and heat is applied by the ceramic heater 81. The heating temperature is a temperature detecting element such as a thermistor disposed in contact with the heater. Adjust by 82. As the pressure roller 7, an aluminum alloy 91 is used as a core metal, and a roller 92 made of silicone rubber is used outside the core.

[0122]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Production Examples and Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. All parts in the following formulations are parts by weight.

(Toner Production Example 1) 100 parts of magnetic substance (average particle size 0.22 μm) Styrene-butyl acrylate-butyl maleate half ester copolymer (Peak molecular weight: about 45,000, component having a molecular weight of less than 50,000) Content (M1) of 49%, content of components having a molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000 (M2) is 35%, content of components having a molecular weight exceeding 500,000 (M3) is 16%, and glass transition point Tg: 63 parts) 100 parts ・ Iron complex of monoazo dye (negative charge control agent) 2 parts ・ Low molecular weight polyethylene (DSC endothermic peak 106.7 ° C., Mw / Mn = 1.08) 4 parts

The above materials were mixed in a blender,
Melted and kneaded with a twin-screw extruder heated to ℃, the cooled kneaded material is coarsely pulverized with a hammer mill, the coarsely pulverized material is finely pulverized with a jet mill, and the obtained finely pulverized material is multi-divided using the Coanda effect The toner was strictly classified by a classifier to obtain magnetic toner particles. The magnetic toner particles are subjected to a surface treatment by a thermomechanical impact force (processing temperature: 60 ° C.), and the obtained magnetic toner particles are subjected to a hydrophobic treatment with 1.8% by weight of silicone oil and hexamethyldisilazane. Dry silica having a diameter of 12 nm (BET specific surface area after treatment is 120 m ² / g) and spherical silica (BET specific surface area is 12 m ² / g, primary particle size is 0.1 m ² / g).
6 μm) and mixed with a mixer to obtain a magnetic toner A.

The obtained magnetic toner A had a weight average particle size of 6.9 μm and a number average particle size of 5.3 μm. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained magnetic toner A.

(Toner Production Example 2) 100 parts of magnetic material (average particle size 0.22 μm) Styrene-butyl acrylate-butyl maleate half-ester copolymer (peak molecular weight: about 41,000, component having a molecular weight of less than 50,000) Content (M1) of 53%, content of a component having a molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000 (M2) is 34%, content of a component having a molecular weight exceeding 500,000 (M3) is 13%, and a glass transition point Tg: 65 parts) 100 parts ・ Iron complex of monoazo dye (negative charge control agent) 2 parts ・ Low molecular weight polyethylene (DSC endothermic peak 106.7 ° C., Mw / Mn = 1.08) 4 parts

A magnetic toner B was obtained in the same manner as in Toner Production Example 1 except that the above materials were used.

The weight average particle size of the obtained magnetic toner B was 7. 1 μm and the number average particle size was 5.3 μm. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained magnetic toner B.

(Toner Production Example 3) 100 parts of magnetic substance (average particle size 0.22 μm) Styrene-butyl acrylate-butyl maleate half ester copolymer (peak molecular weight: about 42,000, component having a molecular weight of less than 50,000) (M1) is 56%, the content of the component having a molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000 (M2) is 26%, the content of the component having a molecular weight exceeding 500,000 (M3) is 23%, and the glass transition point Tg: 62 parts) 100 parts ・ Iron complex of monoazo dye (negative charge control agent) 2 parts ・ Low molecular weight polyethylene (DSC endothermic peak 117.0 ° C., Mw / Mn = 1.50) 4 parts

A magnetic toner C was obtained in the same manner as in Toner Production Example 1 except that the above materials were used.

The weight average particle diameter of the obtained magnetic toner C was 7.5 μm, and the number average particle diameter was 5.7 μm. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained magnetic toner C.

(Toner Production Example 4) 100 parts of magnetic material (average particle size 0.22 μm) Styrene-butyl acrylate-butyl maleate half ester copolymer (peak molecular weight: about 43,000, component having a molecular weight of less than 50,000) Content (M1) is 53%, content (M2) of a component having a molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000 is 32%, content (M3) of a component having a molecular weight exceeding 500,000 is 15%, and a glass transition point Tg: 65 parts) 100 parts-Iron complex of monoazo dye (negative charge control agent) 2 parts-Paraffin wax (DSC endothermic peak: 68.0 ° C, Mw / Mn = 1.31) 4 parts

A magnetic toner D was obtained in the same manner as in Toner Production Example 1 except that the above materials were used.

The obtained magnetic toner D had a weight average particle size of 6.9 μm and a number average particle size of 5.0 μm. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained magnetic toner D.

(Toner Production Example 5) 100 parts of magnetic substance (average particle size 0.22 μm) Styrene-butyl acrylate-butyl maleate half ester copolymer (peak molecular weight: about 44000, component having a molecular weight of less than 50,000) Content (M1) of 49%, content of components having a molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000 (M2) is 35%, content of components having a molecular weight exceeding 500,000 (M3) is 16%, and glass transition point Tg: 63 parts) 100 parts ・ Iron complex of monoazo dye (negative charge controlling agent) 2 parts ・ Low molecular weight polyethylene (DSC endothermic peak 117.0 ° C., Mw / Mn = 2.38) 4 parts

A magnetic toner E was obtained in the same manner as in Toner Production Example 1 except that the above materials were used.

The weight average particle diameter of the obtained magnetic toner E was 6.8 μm, and the number average particle diameter was 5.0 μm. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained magnetic toner E.

(Toner Production Example 6) 100 parts of magnetic substance (average particle size 0.22 μm) Styrene-butyl acrylate-butyl maleate half ester copolymer (peak molecular weight: about 41,000, component having a molecular weight of less than 50,000) Content (M1) of 53%, content of a component having a molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000 (M2) is 34%, content of a component having a molecular weight exceeding 500,000 (M3) is 13%, and a glass transition point Tg: 65 parts) 100 parts-Iron complex of monoazo dye (negative charge control agent) 2 parts-Low molecular weight polypropylene (DSC endothermic peak 135.0 ° C, Mw / Mn = 8.77) 4 parts

A magnetic toner F was obtained in the same manner as in Toner Production Example 1 except that the above materials were used.

The obtained magnetic toner F had a weight average particle size of 6.9 μm and a number average particle size of 5.1 μm. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained magnetic toner F.

(Toner Production Example 7) 100 parts of magnetic material (average particle size 0.22 μm) Styrene-butyl acrylate-butyl maleate half ester copolymer (peak molecular weight: about 48,000, component having a molecular weight of less than 50,000) Content (M1) of 49%, content of components having a molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000 (M2) is 35%, content of components having a molecular weight exceeding 500,000 (M3) is 16%, and glass transition point Tg: 63 parts) 100 parts ・ Iron complex of monoazo dye (negative charge control agent) 2 parts ・ Low molecular weight polyethylene (DSC endothermic peak 102.0 ° C., Mw / Mn = 1.06) 4 parts

A magnetic toner G was obtained in the same manner as in Toner Production Example 1 except that the above materials were used.

The weight average particle diameter of the obtained magnetic toner G was 7.2 μm, and the number average particle diameter was 5.2 μm. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained magnetic toner G.

(Toner Production Example 8) 100 parts of magnetic material (average particle size 0.22 μm) Styrene-butyl acrylate-butyl maleate half-ester copolymer (peak molecular weight: about 40,000, component having a molecular weight of less than 50,000) Content (M1) of 62%, content of a component having a molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000 (M2) is 16%, content of a component having a molecular weight exceeding 500,000 (M3) is 32%, and a glass transition point Tg: 62 parts) 100 parts ・ Iron complex of monoazo dye (negative charge control agent) 2 parts ・ Low molecular weight polyethylene (DSC endothermic peak 106.7 ° C., Mw / Mn = 1.08) 4 parts

A magnetic toner H was obtained in the same manner as in Toner Production Example 1 except that the above materials were used.

The magnetic toner H thus obtained had a weight average particle size of 7.0 μm and a number average particle size of 5.2 μm. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained magnetic toner H.

(Production Example 1 of Intermediate Transfer Body)
A roller (1) having an elastic layer is obtained by extruding a rubber compound having the following composition by cross-head extrusion using a mold on the surface of a cylindrical roller made of aluminum having a length of 320 mm and a thickness of 5 mm, and polishing the surface layer. Was.

Rubber compounding: NBR 100 parts Zinc oxide 2 parts Conductive carbon black 10 parts Paraffin oil 30 parts Vulcanizing agent 2 parts Vulcanization accelerator 3 parts

Also, a paint having the following formulation was prepared.

Coating composition: 100 parts of polyester polyurethane prepolymer (including solvent) (solid content 40% by weight) Hardener (including solvent) 50 parts (solid content 60% by weight) High lubricating powder PTFE particles (particle size) 0.3 part) 200 parts Dispersing aid (low molecular weight resin) 5 parts Conductive titanium oxide particles (particle size 0.5 μm) 10 parts Toluene (solvent) 80 parts

This coating material was spray-coated on the outer peripheral surface of the roller (1) to form a coating layer having a thickness of 80 μm. Thereafter, the coating was heated at 90 ° C. for 1 hour to remove the residual solvent and to cause crosslinking of the coating film. Thus, an intermediate transfer member (1) having a tough surface layer was obtained. The proportion of the PTFE particles in all the constituent components of the surface layer of the intermediate transfer member (1) was about 70% by weight based on the total solid content in the paint.

The intermediate transfer body (1) was placed on a 350 mm × 200 mm aluminum plate with the transfer surface of the intermediate transfer body (1) in contact with the environment at a temperature of 23 ° C. and a humidity of 65%.
A voltage of 1 kV is applied between the aluminum cylinder on the inner surface of the intermediate transfer body (1) and the aluminum plate by a high voltage power supply,
The potential difference before and after the 1 kΩ resistor connected in series with the power supply was measured and converted to a current value, and the volume resistance of the intermediate transfer member (1) was determined from the applied voltage and the current value.
It was 0 × 10 ⁷ Ω.

In addition, the average particle size used in this Production Example was 0.1.
The 3 μm PTFE particles were 40% of the comparative sample in the high lubricity judgment test described above.

Next, the contact angle and slip resistance of the intermediate transfer member (1) were measured and obtained as follows.

Using the same paint as that used for the intermediate transfer member (1), a coating film similar to that for the intermediate transfer member (1) was formed on an aluminum sheet to obtain a coating layer sample sheet. The contact angle was measured using a goniometer-type contact angle measuring device (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.) to obtain the contact angle of the intermediate transfer member coating layer. The slip property of the intermediate transfer member coating layer was measured using a surface property measuring device: HEIDON-14DR (manufactured by Shinto Kagaku). Specifically, a PET sheet is wound around an ASTM plane indenter of HEIDON-14DR to be a measurement object, and a vertical load of 200 gf is applied between the coating layer sample sheet and the ASTM plane indenter to 100 mm / m in the horizontal direction.
in. PE when the sample sheet is moved at the speed of
The slip resistance of the T sheet and the coating layer sample sheet was measured.

At this time, the contact angle and the slip resistance were 112 ° and 83 g, respectively. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained intermediate transfer member (1).

(Production Example 2 of Intermediate Transfer Body) In Production Example 1 of Intermediate Transfer Body, silicone resin particles having a particle size of 1 μm were used as the high lubricating powder, and the high lubricating powder occupied in the surface layer after drying and solidification. Was changed to 60% by weight, and an intermediate transfer member (2) was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 of the intermediate transfer member.

The volume resistivity of the obtained intermediate transfer member (2) was 8.3 × 10 ⁷ Ω, and the contact angle and the slip resistance were 103 ° and 120 g, respectively. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained intermediate transfer member (2).

(Intermediate Transfer Body Production Example 3) Intermediate Transfer Body Production Example 1 was the same as Intermediate Transfer Body Production Example 1, except that carbon fluoride particles having a particle diameter of 0.8 μm were used as the highly lubricating powder. And an intermediate transfer member (3).

The volume resistivity of the obtained intermediate transfer member (3) was found to be 7.2 × 10 ⁷ Ω, and the contact angle and slip resistance were 92 ° and 140 g, respectively. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained intermediate transfer member (3).

(Intermediate Transfer Member Production Example 4) In the intermediate transfer member production example 1, silica particles having a particle size of 0.05 μm were used as the high lubricity powder, and the high lubricity powder occupied in the dried and solidified surface layer was used. An intermediate transfer member (4) was obtained in the same manner as in Intermediate transfer member production example 1 except that the ratio of the transfer member was changed to 23% by weight.

The volume resistivity of the obtained intermediate transfer member (4) was 2.1 × 10 ⁷ Ω, and the contact angle and slip resistance were 73 ° and 178 g, respectively. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained intermediate transfer member (4).

(Intermediate Transfer Body Production Example 5) Intermediate Transfer Body Production Example 1 was the same as Intermediate Transfer Body Production Example 1, except that the ratio of the highly lubricating powder in the surface layer after drying and solidification was changed to 20% by weight. In the same manner as in the above, an intermediate transfer member (5) was obtained.

The specific volume resistance of the obtained intermediate transfer member (5) was determined to be 4.0 × 10 ⁷ Ω, and the contact angle and slip resistance were 91 ° and 115 g, respectively. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained intermediate transfer member (5).

(Intermediate Transfer Member Comparative Production Example 1) The intermediate transfer member (6) was prepared in the same manner as in the intermediate transfer member Production Example 1 except that the high lubricating powder was not used. Obtained.

The volume resistivity of the obtained intermediate transfer body (6) was determined to be 2.0 × 10 ⁷ Ω, and the contact angle and slip resistance were 42 ° and 285 g, respectively. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained intermediate transfer member (6).

(Comparative Production Example of Intermediate Transfer Body) Production example of intermediate transfer body was the same as in Production Example 1 of Intermediate Transfer Body except that the ratio of the highly lubricating powder in the surface layer after drying and solidification was changed to 15% by weight. In the same manner as in Example 1, an intermediate transfer body (7) was obtained.

The volume resistivity of the obtained intermediate transfer member (7) was 2.5 × 10 ⁷ Ω, and the contact angle and slip resistance were 64 ° and 237 g, respectively. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained intermediate transfer member (7).

(Example of photoreceptor production) As a photoreceptor, a 62φ aluminum cylinder was used as a support. to this,
The layers having the constitutions shown in (1) to (4) were sequentially laminated by dip coating to produce a photoreceptor (1).

(1) Conductive coating layer: Mainly composed of powder of tin oxide and titanium oxide dispersed in phenol resin. The thickness is 15 μm.

(2) Subbing layer: mainly composed of modified nylon and copolymerized nylon. The film thickness is 0.6 μm.

(3) Charge generation layer: mainly composed of an azo pigment having absorption in a long wavelength region dispersed in butyral resin. The film thickness is 0.6 μm.

(4) Charge transporting layer: mainly composed of a hole transporting triphenylamine compound dissolved in a polycarbonate resin (molecular weight 20,000 according to Ostwald viscosity method) at a mass ratio of 8:10, and further comprising polytetrafluoroethylene. Powder (particle size: 0.2 μm) was added at 10% by weight based on the total solid content, and dispersed uniformly. 25 μm thick.

Example 1 The above-described magnetic toner A, intermediate transfer member (1), and photosensitive member (1)
Was mounted on the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 9, and an image was formed under the following conditions, and the transfer efficiency, image quality, durability by repeated copying, and the like were evaluated and confirmed.

The intermediate transfer member cleaner 70 has a coating layer in which conductive tin oxide is dispersed in methoxymethylated nylon on the upper layer of urethane rubber in which conductive carbon is dispersed.
A medium resistance roller having a resistance of about 10 ⁸ Ω · cm was used, and a bias of +2.0 kV was applied during cleaning.

The image forming conditions were as follows: the OPC drum of the photoconductor (1) was used as the electrostatic latent image carrier, and the laser exposure (60
0 dpi), the dark portion potential VD = −600 V and the bright portion potential VL = −100 V. The black developing device is used at the position of the developing device B shown in FIG. 9, and has a layer thickness of about 7 μm and a JIS center line average roughness (Ra) of 2.2 as a black toner carrier having the following structure.
A developing sleeve in which a μm resin layer was formed on a stainless steel cylinder having a diameter of 16φ with a blasted surface was prepared.

Phenol resin 100 parts Graphite (particle size: about 7 μm) 90 parts Carbon black 10 parts

Next, the gap (between SD) between the photosensitive drum and the developing sleeve is 300 μm, and the developing magnetic pole 80 mT (8
00 Gauss) and a thickness of 1.0 m as a toner regulating member.
m, a urethane rubber blade having a free length of 10 mm.
The contact was performed at a linear pressure of 7 N / m (15 g / cm). DC bias component Vdc = −450 V, superimposed AC bias component Vp−p = 1200 V, f = 2 as developing bias
000 Hz was used.

The photosensitive member cleaning blade used for the photosensitive member cleaner 14 has a thickness of 2.0 mm and a free length of 8 m.
m of urethane rubber blade at 24.5 N / m (25 g
/ Cm) linear pressure. The process speed was 94 mm / sec, and the ratio of the peripheral speed Vt of the developing sleeve to the peripheral speed V of the photoreceptor Vt / V was 1.5.

As a fixing means, a heat and pressure roller fixing device was used. The surface temperature of the heating roller is 180 ° C., the total pressure between the heating roller and the pressure roller is 5.5 kg, the nip is 4 mm, and the fixing speed is 117 mm / sec. And

(1) Evaluation of image ・ Blank ◎: Very good, ○: Good, △: Normal, × △: Bad, ×: Very bad (2) Deterioration of device ・ Intermediate transfer member cleaner ◎: Not at all Not dirty, ○: Almost dirty, ○ △: Normal × △: Dirt, ×: Very dirty ・ Filming ◎: Not generated at all, ○: Almost no generated, ○ △: Normal × △: Surface Is dirty, ×: very dirty

Photosensitive drum (1) as first image carrier
The primary transfer efficiency from the intermediate transfer member (1) to the intermediate transfer member (1) is 93.3%.
The secondary transfer efficiency to 0 g / cm ² paper was 91.5%. In this specification, the primary transfer efficiency and the secondary transfer efficiency are values obtained by the following equations.

[0183]

(Equation 4)

Thereafter, an image print test was repeatedly performed. In addition, characters and fine lines without any voids were obtained as the print image, and uniform image quality was obtained for the solid image. Even after the durability test of 10,000 sheets, the same image quality as in the initial stage was obtained, and the primary transfer efficiency and the secondary transfer efficiency measured by the same method as described above were almost reduced to 93.2% and 90.9%, respectively. Did not. Microscopic observation of the surface of the intermediate transfer member after the endurance test of 20,000 sheets did not show any filming with toner, which was a good result. Table 3 shows the results.

[0185] As Examples 2-4 magnetic toner, the magnetic toner B of Toner Production Example 2-4
ＤD was evaluated using the same apparatus and conditions as in Example 1. Good results were obtained as in Example 1. Table 3 shows the results.

Examples 5 to 8 The magnetic toner A of the toner production example 1 was used as the magnetic toner, and the intermediate transfer bodies (2) to (5) of the intermediate transfer body production examples 2 to 5 were used as the intermediate transfer body. Except for the above, the evaluation was performed using the same apparatus and conditions as in Example 1. Good results were obtained as in Example 1. Table 3 shows the results.

Example 9 The same as Example 1 except that the magnetic toner B of Toner Production Example 2 was used as the magnetic toner, and the intermediate transfer body (3) of Production Example 3 was used as the intermediate transfer body. The evaluation was performed with the following devices and conditions. Good results were obtained as in Example 1. Table 3 shows the results.

Example 10 Same as Example 1 except that the magnetic toner C of Toner Production Example 3 was used as the magnetic toner and the intermediate transfer member (4) of Intermediate Transfer Material Production Example 4 was used as the intermediate transfer member. The evaluation was performed with the following devices and conditions. Good results were obtained as in Example 1. Table 3 shows the results.

Example 11 The same as Example 1 except that the magnetic toner D of Toner Production Example 4 was used as the magnetic toner and the intermediate transfer member (5) of Intermediate Transfer Material Production Example 5 was used as the intermediate transfer member. The evaluation was performed with the following devices and conditions. Good results were obtained as in Example 1. Table 3 shows the results.

Example 12 Evaluation was performed under the same apparatus and conditions as in Example 1 except that the magnetic toner E of Toner Production Example 5 was used as the magnetic toner. Although it was slightly inferior to Example 1, it was at a level where there was no practical problem. Table 3 shows the results.

Example 13 The same as Example 1 except that the magnetic toner G of Toner Production Example 7 was used as the magnetic toner and the intermediate transfer member (3) of Intermediate Transfer Material Production Example 3 was used as the intermediate transfer member. The evaluation was performed with the following devices and conditions. Although it was slightly inferior to Example 1, it was at a level where there was no practical problem. Table 3 shows the results.

Example 14 The same operation as in Example 1 was carried out except that the magnetic toner H of Toner Production Example 8 was used as the magnetic toner and the intermediate transfer member (5) of Intermediate Transfer Material Production Example 5 was used as the intermediate transfer member. The evaluation was performed with the device and conditions. Although it was slightly inferior to Example 1, it was at a level where there was no practical problem. Table 3 shows the results.

Comparative Example 1 Evaluation was made using the same apparatus and conditions as in Example 1 except that the intermediate transfer member (6) of Comparative Production Example 1 was used as the intermediate transfer member. From the initial stage, the primary and secondary transfer efficiencies were slightly inferior, and missing images of characters and lines were observed. Dirt on the intermediate transfer member cleaning roller was also observed. 1
After the endurance of 10,000 sheets, the fixing roller was stained, and it was observed that there was a problem. Table 3 shows the results.

Comparative Example 2 Evaluation was made using the same apparatus and conditions as in Example 1 except that the intermediate transfer member (7) of Comparative Production Example 2 was used as the intermediate transfer member. The primary and secondary transfer efficiency are inferior from the beginning,
In addition, a missing image of a character or a line was observed. It was observed that there was a problem in both image quality and durability after 10,000 sheets of durability. Table 3 shows the results.

Comparative Example 3 The same as Example 1 except that the magnetic toner F of Toner Production Example 6 was used as the magnetic toner and the intermediate transfer body (2) of Intermediate Transfer Body Production Example 2 was used as the intermediate transfer body. The evaluation was performed with the following devices and conditions. Initially, the fixing roller was as good as in Example 1. However, after 10,000 sheets of durability, the fixing roller was stained, and it was observed that there was a problem. Table 3 shows the results.

[0196]

[Table 1]

[0197]

[Table 2]

[0198]

[Table 3]

[0199]

As described above, the following effects can be obtained by using the image forming method of the present invention. (1) A high value can be obtained for both the primary transfer efficiency and the secondary transfer efficiency. (2) A good image can be obtained without occurrence of a hollow image. (3) The transfer residual toner is small, and the cleaning device can be downsized. (4) Since transfer efficiency is high, occurrence of filming due to durability can be suppressed. (5) The life of the photoconductor can be extended without adversely affecting the organic photoconductor.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a color image output device used in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of an example of an intermediate transfer member used in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of an example of an intermediate transfer member used in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of an example of an intermediate transfer member used in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a color image output device used in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating an example of a toner heat fixing unit.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a toner heat fixing unit.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hollow image;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a color image output device used in the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 photosensitive drum (electrostatic latent image carrier) 2 primary charger 3 image exposure 9 paper feed cassette 14 photosensitive drum cleaning device 15 fixing device 20 intermediate transfer body 21 core metal 22 elastic layer 24 transfer material 25 transfer roller 29 bias power supply 35 Intermediate transfer member cleaner 41 Magenta color developing device 42 Cyan developing device 43 Yellow developing device 44 Black developing device 61 Bias power supply 62 Secondary transfer wire 70 Cleaning roller 71 Residual toner 72 Toner image 100 Core metal 101 Elastic layer 102 Coating Layer 103 Coating layer 104 Belt-shaped intermediate transfer member

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Kazuo Maruyama, 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. (72) Yuki Karaki 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inside the corporation

Claims (38)

[Claims] 1. After transferring a toner image formed on an electrostatic latent image carrier to an intermediate transfer member, the toner image is transferred onto the transfer material while the intermediate transfer member is in contact with a transfer material. In an image forming method for fixing a toner image on a transfer material by heat fixing means, the surface layer of the intermediate transfer body contains 20 to 80% by weight of a highly lubricating substance, and the toner contains at least a binder resin, What is claimed is: 1. An image forming method, comprising: a magnetic toner for developing an electrostatic charge image having toner particles containing a magnetic substance and a wax; and inorganic fine powder, wherein the toner has a DSC endothermic main peak in a range of 60 to 120 ° C. . 2. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate transfer member is a roller having an elastic layer. 3. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate transfer member is a roller having an elastic layer and a coating layer. 4. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate transfer member is a belt. 5. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic toner has one or more DSC endothermic main peaks in a region at 70 ° C. or higher. 6. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic toner has at least one DSC endothermic main peak in a region of 110 ° C. or lower. 7. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein the binder resin of the magnetic toner is a styrene copolymer. 8. The binder resin of the magnetic toner has a THF-insoluble content of 5% by weight or less, and the binder resin is a THF-soluble component G.
In the molecular weight distribution of PC, the content (M1) of the component having a molecular weight of less than 50,000 is 40 to 70%, and the molecular weight is 50,000 to 5
The content (M2) of the component of 100,000 is 20 to 45%, and the content (M3) of the component having a molecular weight exceeding 500,000 is 2 to 25%.
8. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein M1 ≧ M2 ≧ M3. 9. The ratio D / C of the value C of the viscoelastic tan δ at 100 ° C. to the value D of the viscoelastic tan δ at 150 ° C. of the magnetic toner is D / C ≧ 1, and is 150 to 190 ° C. The value E of the viscoelastic tan δ in the range of ° C. is 3.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein 0 ≧ E ≧ 0.5.
The image forming method according to any one of the above. 10. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic toner contains 30 to 200 parts by weight of a magnetic powder with respect to 100 parts by weight of a binder resin. . 11. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein the wax is any one of a low molecular weight polyethylene, a low molecular weight hydrocarbon wax, and a higher alcohol. 12. The image forming method according to claim 11, wherein a DSC endothermic main peak of the wax is in a range of 60 to 120 ° C. 13. The wax has a ratio Mw / Mn of weight average molecular weight Mw to number average molecular weight Mn of 1.0 ≦ Mw / Mn.
The image forming method according to claim 11, wherein ≦ 2.0. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic fine powder contained in the magnetic toner is at least one kind of inorganic fine powder selected from titania, alumina, silica, and double oxides thereof. 14. The image forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 13. 15. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic fine powder contained in the magnetic toner has been subjected to a hydrophobic treatment. 16. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic fine powder contained in the magnetic toner has been treated with at least silicone oil. 17. In the particle size distribution of the magnetic toner particles according to the circle equivalent diameter of the magnetic toner particles, the ratio of particles having a particle size of 0.6 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less is less than 5.0% of the total number on a number basis. 17. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein the number average particle diameter is 4 to 10 [mu] m. 18. The method according to claim 18, wherein the magnetic toner is obtained by a manufacturing method including a process of applying a mechanical impact force as a step of removing particles having a circle equivalent diameter of 1.0 μm or less of the magnetic toner particles. An image forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein: 19. The particles of the magnetic toner having a circularity of not less than 90% based on the number of particles having a circularity a = 0.90 or more obtained by the following formula and having a circularity of 0.9 μm or more.
The image forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein 8 or more particles are less than 30%. (Equation 1) 20. After the toner image formed on the electrostatic latent image carrier is transferred to an intermediate transfer member, the toner image is transferred onto the transfer material while the intermediate transfer member is in contact with a transfer material. An image forming method in which a toner image on a transfer material is fixed by a heat fixing unit, wherein the intermediate transfer body has a contact angle of water of 60 ° or more and a slip resistance of 200 g or less, and the toner comprises at least a binder resin, What is claimed is: 1. An image forming method, comprising: a magnetic toner for developing an electrostatic charge image having toner particles containing a magnetic substance and a wax; and inorganic fine powder, wherein the toner has a DSC endothermic main peak in a range of 60 to 120 ° C. . 21. The image forming method according to claim 20, wherein the intermediate transfer member is a roller having an elastic layer. 22. The image forming method according to claim 20, wherein the intermediate transfer member is a roller having an elastic layer and a coating layer. 23. The image forming method according to claim 20, wherein the intermediate transfer member is a belt. 24. The image forming method according to claim 20, wherein the magnetic toner has at least one DSC endothermic main peak in a region at 70 ° C. or higher. 25. The image forming method according to claim 20, wherein the magnetic toner has one or more DSC endothermic main peaks in a region of 110 ° C. or lower. 26. The image forming method according to claim 20, wherein the binder resin of the magnetic toner is a styrene copolymer. 27. The binder resin of the magnetic toner has a THF-insoluble content of 5% by weight or less, and the binder resin has a content (M1) ) Is 40 to 70%, the content (M2) of the component having a molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000 is 20 to 45%,
The content (M3) of a component having a molecular weight of more than 500,000 is 2 to 25.
27. The image forming method according to claim 20, wherein M1 ≧ M2 ≧ M3. 28. A value C of viscoelastic tan δ at 100 ° C. of the magnetic toner and a value of viscoelastic tan δ at 150 ° C.
The value of the ratio D / C to the value D is D / C ≧ 1, and 150 ° C.
21. The value E of the viscoelastic tan δ in the range from to 1.9 ° C. is 3.0 ≧ E ≧ 0.5.
28. The image forming method according to any one of the above items. 29. The image forming method according to claim 20, wherein the magnetic toner contains 30 to 200 parts by weight of magnetic powder based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. . 30. The image forming method according to claim 20, wherein the wax is one of a low molecular weight polyethylene, a low molecular weight hydrocarbon wax and a higher alcohol. 31. The image forming method according to claim 30, wherein a DSC endothermic main peak of the wax is in a range of 60 to 120 ° C. 32. The ratio Mw / Mn of the weight average molecular weight Mw to the number average molecular weight Mn of the wax is 1.0 ≦ Mw / Mn.
The image forming method according to claim 30, wherein ≦ 2.0. 33. The method according to claim 20, wherein the inorganic fine powder contained in the magnetic toner is at least one kind of inorganic fine powder selected from titania, alumina, silica, and double oxides thereof. 33. The image forming method according to any one of the above items. 34. The image forming method according to claim 20, wherein the inorganic fine powder contained in the magnetic toner has been subjected to a hydrophobic treatment. 35. The image forming method according to claim 20, wherein the inorganic fine powder contained in the magnetic toner has been treated with at least silicone oil. 36. In the particle size distribution of the magnetic toner particles according to the circle equivalent diameter of the magnetic toner particles, the proportion of particles having a particle diameter of 0.6 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less is less than 5.0% of the total number on a number basis. 36. The image forming method according to claim 20, wherein the number average particle diameter is 4 to 10 [mu] m. 37. The method according to claim 37, wherein the magnetic toner is obtained by a manufacturing method including a process of applying a mechanical impact force as a step of removing particles having a circle equivalent diameter of 1.0 μm or less of the magnetic toner particles. Claims 20 to 36
The image forming method according to any one of the above. 38. Particles having a circularity a of 0.90 or more determined by the following equation in the particles of the magnetic toner having a circularity of 0.90 or more are 90% or more, and the magnetic toner has a circularity of 0.9 or more.
The image forming method according to any one of claims 20 to 37, wherein 8 or more particles are less than 30%. (Equation 2)