JPH1028486A - Hydroponic bed - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Problem] Light irradiated on a nutrient cultivation bed is reflected, and there is almost no heat storage due to the absorbed light, and the rise of water temperature in this bed is suppressed to reduce the rhizosphere temperature and the water temperature to the root. Make the temperature suitable for growth. SOLUTION: A container 4 having a groove-like shape and both ends closed by a support column 2 implanted on a substrate 1 and a support rod 3 at an upper end of the support column, and a lid 5 of the container portion. Is directly supported. A nutrient solution 6 is injected into the container portion 4. Seedlings P are growing from the opening 51 of the lid 5. The container part 4 and the lid part 5 are formed using a sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall, and this sheet is a nonwoven fabric in which long fiber filaments are bonded at a high density, the light reflectance is 90% or more, and the light reflectance is 90% or more. The absorptivity has a characteristic of 1% or less.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a hydroponic bed for vegetables, flowers and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a nutrient culture bed has a culture medium supported by a support, and the top and side surfaces of the culture medium are covered with a sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall. Aluminum film, white vinyl chloride and polyethylene films are common. Among these, Neopolyshine (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Capacitor Co., Ltd.) and solar sheet (trade name, manufactured by Honshu Paper Co., Ltd.) are known as aluminum night films having the most excellent heat insulating properties.

[0003]

However, even with neopolyshine, the light reflectance is 85.12% and the light absorption is 14.
54%, and the solar sheet has a light reflectance of 83.85.
%, And the light absorption rate is 14.34%, which cannot prevent the temperature of the medium from being raised or lowered, and has a problem in growing seedlings.

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a conventional sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall is improved so that the light reflectance is further increased. It is an important condition to develop a temperature rise / fall prevention sheet that can prevent temperature fall.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to improve the light reflectance and light absorptivity of the sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall to prevent the temperature in the bed from rising, thereby reducing the rhizosphere temperature and water temperature in the bed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a nutrient cultivation bed which can be kept at a temperature suitable for the growth of cultivation.

[0006]

A feature of the invention according to claim 1 is that one of the nutrient solution and the culture medium is stored in a container made of a sheet for preventing temperature rise and temperature decrease. The temperature lowering / preventing sheet is a nonwoven fabric in which synthetic resin long fiber filaments are bonded at a high density, and has a light reflectance of 9%.
The light absorption rate is 0% or more and 1% or less. The container includes one in which a lid is fitted to the container body, and one in which the container body and the lid are integrally formed to form a bag. As described above, by directly covering the nutrient solution or the culture medium with the container, the nutrient solution gradually evaporates from the surface of the container made of the temperature raising / lowering prevention sheet and takes away the heat of evaporation, so that the temperature inside the cultivation bed increases. It is suppressed and is particularly effective in preventing temperature rise in summer.

A feature of the invention according to claim 2 is that a conventionally known nutrient solution cultivation bed is covered with a covering material made of the above-mentioned sheet for preventing temperature rise and temperature decrease, and is provided with a support. At least the top and side surfaces of the supported culture medium are covered with a coating material made of the above-mentioned sheet for preventing temperature increase and decrease.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The structure of the nutrient cultivation bed of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 will be described.
The nutrient solution of the invention described in the above is stored in a container made of a sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall, and support columns 2 are arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals on soil or a flat substrate 1. A support bar 3 is erected at the upper end of the support column. The container 4 having a groove-like shape and both ends closed by the support rod 3 and the lid 5 of the container are directly supported. The support means for supporting the outer peripheral surface of the bottom and side surfaces of the container part 4 is a mesh-like holding plate (not shown) by the support pillar 2 and the support rod 3.
Are stretched and are held by this holding plate. The container part 4 and the lid part 5 are formed by using a sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall described later as a material, and a nutrient solution 6 is injected into the container part. Openings 51 are opened at predetermined intervals in the lid 5, and seedlings P grow from the openings.

The sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall is a nonwoven fabric (for example, "Tyvek" manufactured by DuPont) in which synthetic resin long fiber filaments are bonded at a high density by flash spinning or the like.

The sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall has a light reflectance of 9%.
It shows excellent characteristic values such as 0% or more and light energy absorption of 1% or less. Compared to the conventional light-shielding film with excellent heat insulating properties, such as the above-described conventional aluminum vapor-deposited film such as neopolyshine or solar sheet, the spectral characteristics of light are as shown in the following table. It is excellent in characteristics that the ratio is high and the light absorption ratio is low.

[0011]

[Table 1]

Further, the sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall has a higher density than other nonwoven fabrics formed by, for example, a melt blow method or a spun bond method. Therefore, the sheet used in the present invention has a water pressure resistance and a permeability. Also excellent in moisture and the like. The sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall has a weight in the range of 40 to 150 g per square meter.
Range water pressure resistance of 500~3000mm showing the water pressure resistance (JIS-L1092A method - with low water pressure method), moisture permeability which indicates the moisture permeability 3000~7000g / m ^2/24 hours (according to JIS-Z-0280 correcting method) It is. Further, the sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall has an air permeability (air permeability) of 20 to 80 S / 100 CC (JIS-P8).
117B type). Polyolefin, particularly high-density polyolefin, is preferable as the synthetic resin constituting the nonwoven fabric of the material for the temperature rise / fall prevention sheet, but polypropylene or a copolymer with polyolefin can also be used. If necessary, it is preferable to add a conversion agent such as an ultraviolet absorber to improve the durability.

[0013] The nonwoven fabric of the sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall is
It is obtained by directly depositing and bonding long fibers by a direct spinning method in which spinning, drawing, opening, and bonding processes are continuously performed. Specifically, an extruder is used to extrude a spinnable thermoplastic resin. Into a molten state, and draw the fiber extruded from the spinning nozzle into a drawn fiber by a roller method or an air jet method. Non-woven fabric by melt-blowing method to be fiberized or non-woven fabric by flash-spinning method, in which a solution prepared by dissolving a spinnable thermoplastic synthetic resin in a solvent under high temperature pressure is released into the atmosphere through a spinning nozzle, and the solvent is vaporized to form a fiber. is there.
This flash method uses a solution obtained by dissolving a synthetic resin such as high-density polyethylene or polypropylene in a low-boiling solvent such as halogenated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, or aliphatic hydrocarbon under high temperature and pressure. It is released to the atmosphere at low temperature and low pressure through a spinning nozzle provided with a pressure drop chamber while pressurized, and the solvent instantaneously evaporates to give orientation to the fiber by its expansion force. The resulting nonwoven fabric is particularly excellent in water resistance and moisture permeability.

According to this embodiment, the nutrient solution 6 is directly covered by the container portion 4, so that the nutrient solution evaporates little by little from the surface of the container portion 4 and the lid 5 made of the temperature rising / falling prevention sheet. Since heat is dissipated, a rise in the temperature inside the cultivation bed is suppressed, which is particularly effective in preventing the temperature from rising in summer.

As described above, the nutrient cultivation bed according to the present invention suppresses a rise in the temperature in the bed, particularly helps grow crops in the summer high temperature period, and furthermore, the bed irradiates almost no light. Since there is almost no heat storage due to reflected and absorbed light, the rise in water temperature in this bed is suppressed,
For this reason, the rhizosphere temperature and the water temperature in the hydroponic cultivation bed can be further suppressed to a temperature of 30 ° C. or less suitable for root growth.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the nutrient cultivation bed in which the medium according to the first aspect of the present invention is housed in a container made of a sheet for preventing temperature rise and temperature decrease. Is housed in the container part 4, and other structures are shown in FIG.
The configuration is substantially the same as that of the embodiment. Of course, a nutrient solution is supplied to the medium 7. The culture medium 7 is obtained by melting iron ore slag, basalt, and diabase at a high temperature to form a fiber, and forming the fiber into a mat, pot, or chip, or into a mat or pot using polyester fiber as a material. There is something.

In both of the above embodiments, the support structure of the container portion 4 and the lid 5 is provided by a mesh-like holding plate stretched by the support rods 3. 4 and the lid 5 may be suspended. In the above embodiment, the nutrient solution 6 is injected,
Is stored by the container part 4 and the lid 5, but the container part and the lid may be integrated to form a bag.

The hydroponic cultivation bed in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is the invention according to claim 2, which is constituted by the support 8 and the support in the conventionally known hydroponic cultivation bed. At least the upper surface and the side surfaces of the supported culture medium 71 are covered with a coating material made of the above-mentioned temperature raising / lowering prevention sheet. Specifically, a floor base 11 is installed in parallel with a predetermined interval on the upper surface of the soil or the substrate 1 prepared in a flat shape, and a support 8 is mounted on each upper surface of the floor base. In addition, the culture medium 71 for nutrient cultivation is supported by this support. Medium 71
In the same manner as in the above-mentioned medium 7, iron ore slag, basalt, and diabase are melted at a high temperature to form fibers, which are formed into mats, pots, chips, or mats formed from polyester fibers. , Formed into a pot. The support body 8 is formed of a material that does not pass through the roots and improves the rhizosphere environment. Then, the support 8 and the medium 71
Means that the upper surface, the lower surface, and the side surface are covered with a covering material 45 made of a sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall, so that the seedlings P planted in the medium grow through the gaps of the sheet. Has become. A temperature water pipe 12 for protecting the roots of the seedlings from the cold is installed on the floor stand 11, and a liquid supply hose 13 for supplying a nutrient solution is laid on the upper surface of the support body 8. A heat exchange plate 14 for naturally exchanging heat with the underground is attached to the side surface of the base 11. Also, the support 8
A suction core 15 for optimizing the water content of the rhizosphere is provided at one end of the lower surface of the lower case. In this example, medium 71
By covering the top and side surfaces of the support 8 with the covering material 45, the heat of transpiration is deprived, so that the temperature in the nutrient cultivation bed does not increase more positively.

[0019]

According to the present invention, since the light reflectance of the sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall is 90% or more, it is possible to prevent the temperature in the hydroponic bed from rising, and particularly to assist the growing of crops in the summer high temperature period. Further, the light reflectance is 90% or more and the light absorptance is 1%.
% Or less, the light applied to the nutrient cultivation bed is almost reflected, and there is almost no heat storage due to the absorbed light, so that the rise in water temperature in the nutrient cultivation bed is suppressed. In particular, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the heat of transpiration is deprived by directly covering the nutrient solution and the culture medium, whereby the temperature in the nutrient solution cultivation bed does not increase more positively. For this reason, the rhizosphere temperature and the water temperature in the hydroponic bed can be suppressed to a temperature suitable for root growth, for example, 30 ° C. or less. In addition, the invention according to claim 2 removes transpiration heat by covering a culture medium with a covering material in a conventionally known hydroponic cultivation bed, thereby more positively controlling the temperature in the hydroponic cultivation bed. Can be prevented from rising.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing another embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing still another embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

4 Container part (container part) made of sheet for temperature rise / fall prevention 5 Container part (lid) made of sheet for temperature rise / fall prevention 6 Nutrient solution 7 Medium 8 Support 71 Medium 45 Medium temperature rise / fall prevention Covering material made of sheet P seedling

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A temperature raising / lowering prevention sheet containing one of a nutrient solution and a culture medium in a container made of a temperature raising / lowering prevention sheet. A nutrient cultivation bed, which is a nonwoven fabric bonded at high density and has a light reflectance of 90% or more and a light absorption of 1% or less. 2. A medium supported by a support, wherein at least the upper surface and side surfaces of the medium are covered with a covering material made of a sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall, and the sheet for preventing temperature rise and fall is a long fiber of synthetic resin. A nutrient cultivation bed comprising a non-woven fabric having filaments bonded at a high density and having a light reflectance of 90% or more and a light absorption of 1% or less.