JPH1028569A - Seed coat peeler - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a seed coat peeler which can efficiently peel off the seed coat of seed swollen with water, particularly removes the seed coat of soybeans after being swollen with water without damage to cotyledon and enable high-yield production of Tofu (soybean curd) of good taste and color with a long storable duration because of reduced number of heat-resistant germs. SOLUTION: This seed-coat peeler is a low-speed rotor the surface of which is made of a hard material, has smaller diameter parts and larger diameter parts 12 on its circumferential face alternately at the same spacing, and a bellow-shaped low- speed rotor 8 whose diameter continuously changes is arranged between the small diameter part and the larger diameter part 12 adjacent to each other. In the meantime, a bellow-shaped high-speed rotor 14 which has a diameter smaller than that of the below-shaped low-speed rotor 8 and is covered with an elastomer on its outer periphery and has at least one notch part almost in parallel with its rotation shaft is arranged so that the space between the adjacent notch parts is kept narrower than the minor diameter of a seed 1. Both rotors are allowed to rotate in the opposite directions to each other so that their upper face may rotate toward the adjacent rotors and simultaneously the bellows on the circumferences of the high-speed and low-speed rotors are arranged so as to have the same phase with the same wavelength.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention removes seeds of dicotyledonous plants such as soybeans and red beans and seed coats of ginkgo seeds, walnuts, and tea fondus without damaging the cotyledons in a state swollen with water. The present invention relates to a seed molting machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, when producing tofu from soybeans, first, a soybean washing step of washing soybeans, a soaking step of immersing soybeans in water, a grinding step of grinding soybeans, and a grinding step of soybeans. Steaming step of steaming, squeezing step to separate liquid component (soy milk) and solids (okara), adding bittern to soy milk, 8
It is performed in the order of a solidification step of heating and solidifying at 5 to 95 ° C. for about 1 hour. Since the peeling step is not incorporated in the conventional process, the soybean seed coat is also ground together with the cotyledons and mixed into the tofu. The best-tasting part of soybean is the cotyledon, and the incorporation of the seed coat lowers the taste of tofu, and soybean milk contains many germs. Conventionally, tofu from which the seed coat has been removed has been a method in which cotyledons are pulverized while the seed coat is adhered, and then the seed coat and the cotyledon tissue are separated.

Although it is easy to molt soybean seeds swollen with water in a few seeds, there is no technique for efficiently molting a large amount of seeds without damaging the cotyledon part. I didn't. As shown in FIG. 5, the seeds of common dicotyledonous plants, including soybeans, are so-called navels 2, which have absorbed nutrients when the seeds 1 were stored in the pods. And lightly connected to a pair of cotyledons at the edge of the area in contact with The hypocotyl 4 extends from one side of the horn 2 by connecting two cotyledons. The hypocotyl 4 is composed of a radicle part 5 and a germ part 6, and the radicle part 5 approaches the navel 2, and the germinal part 6 separates from the navel 2 and a pair of cotyledons 3
Exists over the The seed coat 7 covers the pair of cotyledons 3 and the hypocotyl, and is integrated with the cotyledons at the navel 2. Radix 5
Is a site that first absorbs water when a seed germinates, and grows to become a root. The germinal part 6 is a part that germinates with moisture obtained from the radicle part 5 and forms the above-ground part in the future, and the cotyledon 3 is a nutrient source until the plant grows and can absorb nutrients by itself.

[0004] When the seed 1 is immersed in water and swelled with water, water is accumulated between the seed coat 7 and the cotyledon 3 due to the presence of many perforations in the seed coat itself. Attached, this water contains a large number of bacteria. In addition, most of the bacteria attached to the surface of the seed coat are heat-resistant bacteria, and the heat-resistant bacteria enter the seed coat. The cotyledon 3 contains a large amount of fat especially on the outside, and it is difficult for moisture to directly penetrate from the outside. on the other hand,
Since the radicle 5 is a future root, it has a water absorption mechanism,
The water existing between the cotyledon 3 and the seed coat 7 is positively absorbed and sent to the germinal part 6. Since the tip of the germ part 6 branches into the two cotyledons 3, the cotyledon 3 swells with the water supplied from the tip of the germ part 6.

[0005]

In general, when the seeds are immersed in water, it takes 10 to 20 hours for sufficient swelling due to the above-mentioned water absorption and swelling mechanism. Immersion in water for about ten hours promotes the propagation of various bacteria. However, the propagated bacteria stop between the cotyledon 3 and the seed coat 7 and swell according to the above-described water absorption mechanism.
The cotyledon 3 is supplied with only water from which germs have been removed through the radicle 5 and the germ 6. Therefore, the cotyledons taken out without breaking after the seeds are swollen without crushing are kept almost sterile no matter how many bacteria are present in the seed coat.

[0006] In the tofu coagulation step, the soymilk
Treatment is performed at 95 ° C for 1 hour. Under these conditions, heat-resistant bacteria do not die even if general bacteria die. However, when the temperature is further increased, the protein itself is denatured and the taste of tofu is extremely reduced. Therefore, by removing the seed coat without damaging the cotyledons of the seeds that have absorbed water according to the water absorption and growth mechanism of living organisms, there are few germs, especially heat-resistant bacteria, have a long shelf life, are white, have a good gloss, and have a fine texture. Fine and excellent tofu can be obtained. Therefore, there has been a demand for a tofu using soymilk composed of cotyledons that have been molted without damaging water-swollen seeds.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem, and has a structure in which a low-speed rotating body whose surface is made of a hard material has a uniform interval on a circumferential surface of the low-speed rotating body. In the meantime, a small-diameter portion and a large-diameter portion are provided with a bellows-like low-speed rotating body alternately arranged, and at least a diameter smaller than the bellows-like low-speed rotating body, the outer periphery of which is covered with an elastic body, and which is substantially parallel to the rotation axis A bellows-shaped high-speed rotating body in which one row of cutouts is engraved is arranged so as to keep the adjacent portion slightly narrower than the minor diameter of one water-swelled seed, and the upper surfaces of both rotating bodies face the adjacent portion. The bellows provided on the circumferential surface have the same wavelength for both the low-speed rotating body and the high-speed rotating body, and the large-diameter part of the bellows-shaped low-speed rotating body and the small-diameter part of the bellows-shaped high-speed rotating body Are close to each other, and the small-diameter part of the bellows-like low-speed rotating body and the large-diameter part of the bellows-like high-speed rotating body There characterized in that it is arranged adjacent, such metal bellows high speed rotation body, characterized in that it is arranged in at least two and below the bellows slow rotator.

According to the present invention, a rotating body having a large diameter and made of a hard material is used as the rotating body having a large diameter. The feature of this rotating body is that it has a bellows-like circumference in which large-diameter portions and small-diameter portions are alternately arranged. The supplied swollen seeds with the seed coat are transferred while being arranged in a small diameter portion between valleys between the large diameter portion and the large diameter portion.
A bellows-shaped high-speed rotating body having a diameter smaller than that of the bellows-shaped low-speed rotating body and having an outer periphery covered with an elastic body is provided. The bellows-like high-speed rotating body is arranged with a gap slightly smaller than the bellows-like low-speed rotating body and one seed swollen with water. The surface is also provided with a bellows-like unevenness, which is provided along the unevenness of the low-speed rotating body and rotates at a higher speed. A part where both rotating bodies are closest to each other is defined as an adjacent part, and the rotating bodies rotate in opposite directions so that the upper surfaces of the two rotating bodies are directed to the adjacent parts. Therefore, the outer surface of the water-swelled seeds arranged and transferred in the concave portions of the low-speed rotating body comes into contact with the bellows-like irregularities of the high-speed rotating body.

As described above, the gap between the low-speed rotating body and the high-speed rotating body is an adjacent portion narrower than the water-swollen seed, and therefore cannot pass through as it is, and is pressed against the high-speed rotating body whose surface is covered with the elastic body. A part of the seed thus sunk into the elastic body on the surface of the high-speed rotating body. The seeds sandwiched between the low-speed rotating body and the high-speed rotating body have extremely different peripheral velocities, so the seeds are entrapped in the elastic body of the high-speed rotating body at the adjacent part and held in the longitudinal direction. It will be subject to twisting stress.

[0010] The swollen seeds store sufficient moisture between the cotyledons and the seed coat. Therefore, when twisting stress is applied from both ends of the seed, that is, when one side of the seed is fixed and a strong rotational force is applied to the other side, the tear stress is applied only to the seed coat, without affecting the cotyledon at all. The fact that the seed coat is torn has been confirmed. As a result, only the seed coat of the water-swollen seed is peeled off and falls under both rotating bodies.

Since the high-speed rotating body rotates in the opposite direction to the low-speed rotating body and has an elastic surface, a strong peeling stress is applied to the seeds sandwiched between the two rotating bodies. However, seeds that are easily broken by swelling with water can avoid damage to cotyledons due to the buffering force of the elastic body covering the surface of the high-speed rotating body against strong stress. In addition, the contact surface rotates downward, and preferably a notch substantially parallel to the rotation axis is cut in the high-speed rotating body, so that seeds can be fed smoothly and moulting efficiency is high. Even if there is a seed that could not peel the seed coat by only passing once between the low-speed rotating body and the high-speed rotating body, it is ensured by providing another high-speed rotating body below the low-speed rotating body. Moulting is achieved.

[0012]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a peeling machine of the present invention provided with two high-speed rotating bodies, FIG. 2 is a side view of the high-speed rotating body, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. is there. The bellows-like low-speed rotating body 8 used in the present invention needs to have at least the outer periphery made of a hard material. Specifically, a corrosion-resistant metal, stainless steel, or the like is preferable. In general, except for the rotating shaft 10, it is manufactured integrally with stainless steel. Reference numeral 11 denotes a key for engaging the rotating shaft 10 driven by a motor with the rotating body. The circumferential surface of the bellows-like low-speed rotating body 8 is bellows-like. That is, the large diameter portion 12 having the same maximum diameter and the small diameter portion 1 having the same minimum diameter.
3 are alternately arranged, and there is no step between the large diameter portion 12 and the small diameter portion 13, and the diameter continuously changes.

The bellows-shaped high-speed rotating body 14 has its outer periphery covered with an elastic body 9. As the elastic body 9 is an environment in which food is handled and a large amount of moisture is present, a corrosion-resistant synthetic rubber such as silicone rubber, NBR, SBR, SR, IR, or CR is used. Is preferred. The bellows-shaped high-speed rotator 14 has a smaller diameter and a higher peripheral speed than the low-speed rotator 8. The difference in peripheral speed is 1: 1.5 to 1:10
Degree, preferably 1: 2 to 1: 4. The object of the present invention can be achieved even if the size of the bellows-shaped high-speed rotating body 14 is actually about the same as or slightly larger than the low-speed rotating body 8. However, if a more reliable and efficient peeling is intended, it is preferable that the bellows-shaped high-speed rotating body 14 can be provided in two or more stages as shown in FIG. Reference numeral 16 denotes a pocket portion formed between the two high-speed rotating members 14 when the high-speed rotating members 14 are provided in two stages.

The bellows-like high-speed rotating body 14 is also provided with bellows-like irregularities on the circumferential surface. When the accordion-shaped rotator is cut along a plane passing through the center of the rotator, a flat surface having a wavy end is obtained. This corrugation has the same wavelength as that of the low-speed rotator 8 obtained similarly. Have the same phase. That is, the small diameter portion 13 of the high-speed rotating body needs to be close to the large-diameter portion 12 of the low-speed rotating body, and the small-diameter portion 13 of the low-speed rotating body needs to have a relative position close to the large-diameter portion 12 of the high-speed rotating body.

Furthermore, the two rotating bodies must not be in contact with each other, and are arranged so as to maintain the adjacent portion 15 through which the water swollen seeds can pass.
The adjacent portion 15 must not be large enough to allow the seeds to easily pass through, but must be large enough to allow the seeds 1 to barely pass by being partially sunk into the elastic body 9 of the high-speed rotating body 14. . In such a state, the difference between the peripheral speeds of the high-speed rotating body and the low-speed rotating body acts as a twisting stress on the seed, and the seed coat is molted without damaging the cotyledon 3 by being rubbed by the elastic body 9 having a large peripheral speed. Can be.

The seed 1 transported by the low-speed rotating body 8
In order to more efficiently pass through the adjacent portion 15, it is preferable to provide at least one row of notches 17 in the high-speed rotating body 14. The notch 17 has a function of facilitating the feeding of the seed 1 to the adjacent portion 15 formed by the two rotating bodies. Therefore, when a plurality of rows are provided, equal intervals are efficient.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a broken line in FIG. The water-swollen seed 1 partially enters the small-diameter portion 13 of the high-speed rotator 8 and is conveyed in the adjacent portion 15, and the high-speed rotator 14 rotates at high speed downward from above the plane of FIG. Are rubbed and shed, but since the surface of the high-speed rotating body 14 is covered with the elastic body 9, the pressed seeds 1 sink into the elastic body and are protected without damaging the cotyledons 3.

[0018]

EXAMPLE 1 In this example, a maximum diameter of stainless steel was 264 m.
m, a bellows-shaped high-speed rotator 14 having a maximum diameter of 195 mm and coated with silicone rubber having corrugations on the outer periphery was used. Further, a bellows-like high-speed rotating body 14
Eight rows of notches 17 parallel to the rotating shaft 10 were formed at equal intervals on the outer periphery of the. The notch 17 does not necessarily have to be parallel to the rotating shaft 10. The object of the present invention is achieved if the effect of feeding the seed 1 into the adjacent part 15 can be promoted. In this embodiment, two high-speed rotating bodies 14 are used in two stages. The interval between the large-diameter portions, that is, the wavelength of the bellows portion is 14 mm, the rotation speed of the low-speed rotating body 8 is 21 rpm, and the rotating speed of the high-speed rotating body 14 is 92 rpm in the upper stage and 74 rpm in the lower stage.
Met. This is because the lower stage contains many seeds that have been molted and are divided into two cotyledons, so that sufficient efficiency can be achieved and a sufficient effect can be obtained even when the number of rotations is low.

Three soybeans (180 kg) were immersed in sufficient water at room temperature for 14 hours. The soy swelled to about 2.2 times the weight. At the same time, at room temperature and in the presence of sufficient moisture and nutrients, the number of germs in the water between the soybean cotyledon 3 and the seed coat 7 increased. When this water-swollen soybean was supplied from the left side in FIG. 1 between the bellows-shaped high-speed rotator 14 and the bellows-shaped low-speed rotator 8, the soybeans were supplied. And falls into the pocket portion 16 while being successively peeled off, and then the bellows-shaped high-speed rotating body 1
The seeds that were not molted while passing between the 4 ′ and the low-speed rotator 8 and passing between the bellows-like high-speed rotator 14 and the low-speed rotator 8 at the upper stage could be surely molted. Soybean 3
The time required to process the bale was one hour.

The obtained cotyledon 3 has an extremely small number of germs,
Tofu was produced according to a conventional method through a grinding process, a steaming process, a squeezing process, and a coagulation process. The obtained tofu was white and was delicious because it did not contain a seed coat. Furthermore,
The number of germs, especially heat-resistant bacteria, is extremely low compared to conventional tofu.
Double life could be guaranteed. Further, in this example, a 3% yield improvement with respect to the used raw material was observed. This is presumed that the soymilk component that had been attached to the ground material of the seed coat and removed as a tofu was conventionally effectively used as the original soymilk because the ground material containing no seed coat was originally used.

The seed coat 7 obtained in Example 1 above was used.
Is easily separated from cotyledon 3 by its specific gravity and size,
The seed coat is used as a preferred feed for livestock such as cattle and has a high commercial value. Furthermore, the present invention is also used for dehulling of seed coats of swollen red beans and ginkgo seeds, walnuts, and as a raw material for encrusting of cream puffs and the like, and separation of corn seeds from the shaft.

[0022]

According to the present invention, the seed coat was successfully removed from the swollen seed without damaging the cotyledon. As a result, high-quality cotyledons free of various bacteria, especially heat-resistant bacteria, can be used, and the quality of processed seed products is improved. For example, in tofu, water-swelled cotyledons of perfect shape can be used as raw materials, the number of mixed bacteria is drastically reduced, the shelf life is significantly improved, and the taste and appearance of tofu are improved by removing the seed coat, And the yield was improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of a high-speed rotating body.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged explanatory view of a portion surrounded by a broken line in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a soybean swollen with water.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 seed 2 navel 3 cotyledon 4 hypocotyl 5 radicle part 6 germ part 7 seed coat 8 bellows-like low-speed rotating body 9 elastic body 10 rotating shaft 11 engaging ridge 12 large-diameter part 13 small-diameter part 14 bellow-like high-speed rotating body 15 adjacent Part 16 Pocket part 17 Notch

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A bellows-shaped low-speed rotator whose outer periphery is made of a hard material, wherein small-diameter portions and large-diameter portions are alternately arranged at equal intervals on a circumferential surface of the low-speed rotator. On the other hand, a bellows-shaped high-speed rotating body whose diameter is smaller than that of the bellows-shaped low-speed rotating body and whose outer periphery is covered with an elastic body is arranged while maintaining an adjacent portion of a gap slightly narrower than the short diameter of one water-swollen seed. The rotating bodies are rotated in opposite directions so that the upper surfaces of the rotating bodies face the adjacent portions, and the bellows provided on the circumferential surface have the same wavelength for both the low-speed rotating body and the high-speed rotating body. A seed, wherein the diameter portion and the small diameter portion of the bellows-shaped high-speed rotating body are close to each other, and the small diameter portion of the bellows-shaped low-speed rotating body and the large diameter portion of the bellows-shaped high-speed rotating body are arranged so as to be close to each other. Moulting machine. 2. The seed according to claim 1, wherein at least two bellows-shaped high-speed rotating bodies whose outer periphery are covered with an elastic body are arranged vertically above and below the bellows-shaped low-speed rotating body. Moulting machine. 3. A bellows-shaped high-speed rotating body whose outer periphery is covered with an elastic body, wherein at least one row of notches substantially in parallel with the rotation axis are cut out. 2. A seed molting machine according to item 2. 4. The moulter for seeds according to claim 1, wherein the seeds are soybeans.