JPH10314726A - Simple water purification device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To remove harmful organic compounds out of a water source not suitable for drinking and prepare water for drinking by providing a pump for sucking and pressurizing raw water in a container on a water introduction and discharge opening of the container and also providing a water purifier with a filter medium composed of active carbon and a hollow fiber membrane on a discharge outlet of the pump. SOLUTION: Solid tablets are introduced as a sterilizing agent 5 into a container 1 storing raw water, and a pump 2 is installed on a water introduction and discharge opening of the container 1, and a strainer 6 formed of a plastic net and the like is mounted on a raw water suction hole of the pump 2, and raw water in the container 1 is pressurized by the pump 2 and fed from the discharge outlet of the pump 2. A water tap 4 is set on the discharge outlet of the pump 2, and the water tap 4 is opened and pressurized raw water is fed into a purifier 3 to prepare drinking water purified by active carbon and a hollow fiber membrane filled and stored in the water purifier 3. Therefore, water to be used for drinking from which harmful organic compounds are removed can be prepared by the arrangement.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a water supply system that can be used in emergency situations such as earthquakes, storms and floods, large fires and droughts, and for outdoor activities without relying on water pipes.
It relates to a simple water purifier that secures drinking water from ponds, pools, disaster prevention water tanks, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, household water purifiers are commercially available.
A faucet directly connected type that is used by attaching to a faucet,
Most of the stationary types are placed above or below the sink, and all of them are purified by tap water pressure. Therefore, when tap water is cut off in a disaster emergency,
Useless. Furthermore, using the above water purifier,
SS component (suspend from outdoor rivers and lakes)
It has never been possible to remove mixed or dissolved components such as solids) into drinking water.

[0003]

Recently, various countermeasures have been taken as means for securing drinking water in the event of a disaster, including securing a self-sourced water source whose main source is a bottled water bottled water and groundwater source. Considered and proposed.

[0004] However, each countermeasure has problems in terms of storage period and storage place, a huge budget and a large installation area, and has advantages and disadvantages in terms of maintenance, management, and water quality. Has many difficult problems.

[0005] In addition, although various facilities have been improved and the availability of drinking water has become easier since the recent outdoor boom, it cannot be said that there is no inconvenience in drinking water.

[0006] Even when power is not restored, such as during an emergency, or in a place where power is not supplied, it is possible to easily and reliably access nearby rivers, lakes, marshes, ponds, pools, disaster prevention water tanks, and the like. A water purification device that can ensure purified drinking water, is lightweight and compact, and is inexpensive and can respond quickly has not been proposed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a simple water purifying apparatus which can be used in the event of a disaster or simply outdoors by merely preparing a cartridge as a consumable. Aim.

[0008]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention basically has the following configuration. That is, (1) a pump for sucking and pressurizing raw water in the container is provided at a supply / drain port of the container, and a water purifier having a filter medium made of at least activated carbon and a hollow fiber membrane is provided at a discharge port of the pump. A simple water purification device characterized by the following.

(2) A pump for pressurizing raw water in the container is provided at one of the water supply / drain ports of a container having at least two water supply / drain ports, and a filter medium is made of at least activated carbon and a hollow fiber membrane at the other water supply / drain port. Simple water purifier characterized by having a water purifier.

(3) The simple water purifier according to (1) or (2), wherein a plastic tank is used as a container, raw water is pumped into the tank, and a solid germicide is charged.

(4) The simple water purification apparatus according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the power source of the pump is a human power.

(5) The simple water purifier according to any one of the above (1) to (4), wherein a water purifier capable of detachably mounting the cartridge filled with the filter medium on the water purifier main body is used.

(6) A confirmation hole for confirming the hollow fiber membrane portion in the cylinder portion is provided at the top of the cylinder body of the cartridge containing the hollow fiber membrane as a filter medium, and the confirmation hole is detachable or openable and closable. The simple water purifier according to any one of the above (1) to (5), wherein a water purifier provided with a free lid is used.

[0014]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The simple water purification apparatus of the present invention
It is not limited to use in disaster areas and disaster areas, but can be equally useful if the conditions are the same, for example, it is used for entertainment and events in remote areas and outdoors, camping, etc. be able to. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

The simple water purification apparatus of the present invention has a means for storing at least raw water in its main body, a means for sucking and pressurizing raw water, a means for introducing compressed air, and a separation membrane. Etc., and is preferably a shape integrally formed. Especially when there are restrictions on transportation and installation, such as in disaster areas and disaster areas, or outdoor activities, it is lightweight and volume-saving so that it can be operated and used effectively. Preferably, the total weight is about 5 to 10 kg and the volume is about 0.02 to 0.03 m ³ so that it can be carried.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. 1 and 2 are conceptual diagrams showing one embodiment of the simple water purification device according to the present invention.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a simple water purification apparatus using a pump 2 of a type in which raw water in a container 1 is sucked and pressurized, and a disinfectant 5 is provided in a container 1 in which raw water is stored. A solid tablet is charged, a pump 2 is attached to a water supply / drain port of the container 1, and a strainer 6 made of, for example, a plastic net is attached to a raw water suction port of the pump 2. Raw water is pressurized by a pump 2 and supplied from a discharge port of the pump. A water tap 4 is attached to a discharge port of the pump 2, and when the water tap 4 is opened, pressurized raw water is supplied to the water purifier 3, and the raw water is filled and stored in the water purifier 3. In addition, drinking water purified by activated carbon or a hollow fiber membrane can be obtained.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a water purifier using a pump 7 for sending compressed air into a container storing raw water. A water tap 4 and a water purifier 3 are attached below the container 1. ing.

In the simple water purification apparatus of the present invention, a container as a means for storing raw water is a commercially available plastic tank which can draw raw water from a water source into the container, carry it to a convenient place, and easily obtain filtered water. This is very convenient because it can be used.

Next, there are two methods of pressurizing raw water: a liquid pump pressurizing method for directly applying pressure to raw water by a reciprocating plunger or piston, and a reciprocating plunger or piston in a closed container. Of the air pump pressurization system that sends air to increase the air pressure in the container
There are two ways.

In the present invention, the means for sucking and pressurizing raw water is not particularly limited.
A pump having a function of increasing the pressure of raw water or pretreated raw water to a pressure at which membrane separation can be performed, and it is preferable that the power source be manually powered. The capacity of the pump is slightly different depending on the performance of the hollow fiber membrane.
Pa × 2 liters / min or more, and more preferably the capacity is 0.
It is a self-priming pump of 3 MPa × 3 liter / min or more.

As a specific example, a commercially available hand-held pump for a shoulder-type or shoulder-type pesticide sprayer,
0.3MPa x 2 liters / min (number of times of up / down reciprocation:
At 30 strokes / min), the material may be chrome-plated brass or stainless steel.

Further, as means for pressurizing the raw water in the container, the container is hermetically sealed, and compressed air is introduced into the container from the water supply / drain port of the plastic tank to pressurize the raw water in the container. is there.

To give a specific example, this type of hand pump for agrochemical sprayers is also available. other,
Commercially available pumps include foot-operated air pumps for automobile tires, foot-operated air pumps for floating rings for sea bathing and rubber boats for leisure.

FIGS. 3 to 8 show more specific examples.
A reciprocating pump having an internal structure as shown in FIG. The pump capacity is preferably a hand-operated pump having a pressure of 0.3 MPa × 3 liters / min (the number of times of up / down reciprocation: 30 strokes / min).

The liquid pump pressurizing method has a structure in which raw water is sent into an air chamber by a pump, and the air in the air chamber is compressed and pressurized by a reciprocating plunger or piston.

FIG. 3 shows a water absorption step of the plunger type pump in the liquid pump pressurizing method, and FIG. 4 shows a discharge step of the same pump. In FIG. 3, when the plunger 50 rises upward, the pressure in the cylinder 51 becomes negative, and the raw water surface in the tank is under atmospheric pressure. Enter. Next, FIG.
, When the plunger 50 is lowered,
2 closes at that pressure, the raw water in the cylinder has no escape place, and pushes up the discharge valve 53 to compress the air in the air chamber 54 to increase the pressure. The airtightness between the cylinder 51 and the plunger 50 is such that the L-shaped packing 55 attached to the base at the top of the cylinder is in close contact with the plunger 50 so that compressed air does not leak outside.

FIG. 5 shows a water absorption process of the piston pump in the liquid pump pressurization system, and FIG. 6 shows a discharge process of the pump. The airtightness between the cylinder 61 and the piston 60
Piston packing 6 mounted on the tip of piston rod
5 is in close contact with the inner surface of the cylinder so that the compressed air does not leak outside.

The air pump pressurization method has a structure in which a certain amount of raw water is put in a tank, the tank is completely sealed, and then air is sent into the tank by an air pump installed therein to pressurize the air. It is.

FIG. 7 shows a water absorption process of the piston type pump in the air pump pressurization system, and FIG. 8 shows a discharge process of the same pump. By raising the piston 70 upward in FIG.
When the water suction valve 72 opens, the air above the piston passes between the piston packing 75 and the piston 70 and enters the cylinder 71. Next, by lowering the piston 70 in FIG. 8, the piston packing 75 and the piston 70 come into close contact with each other to compress the air in the cylinder. The compressed air pushes up the discharge valve 73 and is discharged into the tank as a foam. This operation is repeated to pressurize the raw water by injecting air into the tank.

The water purifier of the present invention comprises at least activated carbon and a hollow fiber membrane. Activated carbon is intended for purifying tap water because it effectively removes residual chlorine, trihalomethane, pesticides, dissolved ionic harmful substances, and bacteria contained in tap water, etc., and provides filtered water without coloring or odor. It is widely used as a filter material in a water purifier that has been used. However, if water supply is stopped for a long time after use, there is a problem that various bacteria grow in the activated carbon layer and flow out when water supply is resumed. Therefore, since porous hollow fiber membranes can capture bacteria by membrane filtration,
Activated carbon and a porous hollow fiber membrane are used together as a filter material to prevent the outflow of various bacteria.

The activated carbon used in the water purifier of the present invention is:
It is not particularly limited as long as it is activated carbon that can be normally used for a water purifier, and natural activated carbon such as coconut shell, bone, and wood,
Synthetic activated carbon such as pitch-based, petroleum coke-based, resin or rubber-based may be mentioned, and the activated carbon may be activated by any method such as a steam activation method and a scientific activation method. In addition, any form such as a powder form, a granular form, and a fibrous form may be used. Further, the activated carbon may be one in which an antibacterial metal such as silver is attached by plating or the like. A mixture of two or more activated carbons may be used, and a mixture of two or more activated carbons is preferable in that the adsorption capacity range is expanded and the adsorption life is balanced with other activated carbons to be mixed. Normal,
The particle size of the activated carbon used is 30 to 100 mesh, the packing density is 0.3 to 0.6 g / cm ³ , and the iodine adsorption amount is 12
About 00 to 2000 mg / g is preferable. The mixing ratio is taken into consideration depending on the quality of raw water and the adsorption characteristics of the activated carbon used, but the minimum mixing ratio is preferably 10% or more.

In addition, the filter medium must be replaced because the amount of filtered water and the quality of filtered water are reduced due to adsorption and clogging. When replacing a clogged filter medium, a normal water purifier replaces the cartridge filled with the filter medium (filter medium storage cylinder), but a water purifier that makes it easy to understand the replacement time and that allows easy replacement of the cartridge. Particularly preferred. In the water purifier of the present invention, a hollow fiber membrane is used in addition to the activated carbon as a filter medium.However, the hollow fiber membrane is not particularly limited as long as it is a porous hollow fiber membrane that can be generally used for a water purifier. Polysulfone-based, hollow fiber membranes such as polyolefins such as ethylene are used, and may be hydrophilicized by polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl alcohol-ethylene copolymer, etc. It is preferable that the surface is made hydrophilic. The water permeability is 10,000 to 20,000 mL / Hr · mmH
g · m ² is preferable, and 15,000 to 20,000 mL
/ Hr · mmHg · m ² is more preferable. The filtration accuracy is preferably 0.2 μm or less, more preferably 0.1 μm or less.

[0034]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 1, a container 1 is a commercially available polyethylene tank containing 20 liters of polyethylene. Lake Biwa water was pumped as raw water into the polyethylene tank, and solid tablets of calcium hypochlorite were added as a disinfectant 5. It is important that calcium hypochlorite be dissolved in the raw water, and the input amount is slightly different depending on the quality of the raw water, but the input amount is usually adjusted so that the residual chlorine concentration is about 0.1 to 0.2 ppm.

Next, in FIG.
The plunger type hand pump 2 shown in FIG. 4 is attached. An 80-mesh plastic net was attached as a strainer 6 to the raw water suction port of the pump 2.
The specifications of the pump are 0.3 MPa × 2 liters / minute (number of operations: 30 strokes / minute), the material is brass, and chrome-plated. By turning the handle of the hand pump 2 up and down, the raw water containing residual chlorine in the plastic tank 1 is pressurized by the pump 2 and supplied from the discharge port of the pump. A water tap 4 is attached to the discharge port, and when the water tap 4 is opened, the pressurized raw water is supplied to the water purifier 3 so that the activated carbon or hollow filled and stored in the water purifier is stored. Drinking water purified by the thread membrane is obtained.

FIG. 9 shows a water purifier 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. A flow path switching unit that switches the flow path of the raw water supplied from the faucet 13 by a flow path switching valve 19, a filter medium storage cylinder 12 that receives the raw water, purifies the raw water with a filter medium stored therein, and discharges the raw water as purified water; It is composed of

Here, the water purifier body (body) 11 has a raw water inlet 15 at an upper part and a raw water supply port 17 at a lower part, and a side part is connected to a cartridge for filtering the raw water received from the raw water inlet 15. A raw water outlet 16 and a flow path switching valve 19 built in the body to allow the raw water received from the raw water inlet 15 to flow out of the raw water outlet as it is, and to guide the raw water to the filter medium storage unit 12. And the state to be supplied to the water outlet to be selected. Raw water outlet 1
6 is provided with a bayonet mechanism 30 for connecting to the cartridge.

The cartridge has a raw water receiving port 24 at the side.
A container 26 having a filtered water supply port 25 at the bottom, a U-shaped hollow fiber bundle 27 having an open end opposed to the filtered water supply port 25 in the container, The U-shaped hollow fiber bundle 27 is composed of an activated carbon layer 29 filled in a space.
The activated carbon layer 29 is directly filled and stored in the container, and a bayonet mechanism 30 for connecting to the water purifier body 11 is provided at the raw water receiving port 24 of the container. The water purifier main body (body) 11 and the filter medium storage cylinder (cartridge) 12 can be detachably connected by the respective bayonet mechanisms 30. FIGS. 11 to 13 show this state. With the cartridge tilted 90 degrees with respect to the body as shown in FIG.
It is adjusted to a position where both connection parts (bayonet mechanism 30) can be fitted. If the positions match, insert the cartridge as shown in FIG. Next, with the cartridge inserted,
Raise until it stops in front as in 3.

When the raw water is purified using the water purifier 10, the filter medium becomes dirty or clogged with mixed or dissolved components such as SS components in the raw water, so the cartridge must be replaced periodically. . However, since the cartridge is an opaque plastic body, the degree of contamination of the filter medium inside the cartridge cannot be checked from the outside. Therefore, when the cartridge is replaced regularly, the cartridge is wasted, even though the frequency of use is small and the filter medium is less contaminated. In addition, if the cartridge is not replaced until the replacement time arrives even though the filter material is frequently used and the filter medium is very dirty, there is a problem that the purification performance is reduced and the amount of filtered water and the quality of filtered water are deteriorated. In addition, the fouling rate of the filter medium changes greatly depending on the quality of the raw water. In order to solve such a problem, FIG. 10 shows a dirt confirmation window 35 in which the degree of dirt on the filter medium can be checked from the outside.
Covered with.

The first filter medium filled in the cartridge was activated carbon made from coconut husk, having a particle size of 40 to 80 mesh and a packing density of 0.3 to 0.4 g.
/ Cm ³ of the granular activated carbon was charged with 18-20 g. The outer diameter of the filter was 460 ± 20μ.
m, a polysulfone hollow fiber membrane with an inner diameter of 200 ± 20 μm,
880 hollow fibers with a water permeability of 15,000 mL / Hr · mmHg · m ² and a filtration accuracy of 0.1 μm, and a length of 90 mm
Was bent into a U-shape to form a U-shaped hollow fiber bundle 27, and the bent side was potted 31 with an adhesive to open.

As shown in FIGS. 11, 12, and 13, the cartridge (filter medium storage cylinder) 12 is attached to the water purifier body 11 and is very easy to remove. As shown in FIG. A confirmation window 35 for confirming the hollow fiber membrane filter material portion in the tubular body portion is provided at the top of the tubular body 12, and a detachable lid 36 is provided in the window portion. It is very convenient for judging.

{1: Polytank} A commercially available 20-liter polyethylene polytank having two water supply / drain ports.

{2: Hand-pump} A hand-pump for a commercially available shoulder-type or back-type pesticide sprayer. 0.3MP
a x 2 liters / min (number of operations: 30 strokes /
Minutes), the material is chrome-plated brass.

｛3: Water purifier main unit 「“ Trevino Cassetti ”manufactured by Toray Co., Ltd. ｛4: Faucet｝ Commercially-available water tap ｛5: Disinfectant 顆粒 Granular tablet with 70% available chlorine (calcium hypochlorite) The residual chlorine concentration is 0.2 ~
It was charged to 0.3 ppm and dissolved.

With the above-described structure, the weight is as light as 8 kg and the weight during operation is 28 kg, the carrying capacity is as easy as a plastic tank containing almost 20 liters, and the operation can be performed easily. An inexpensive simple water purification device was obtained. 2 liters / min of drinking water was obtained using the lake water of Lake Biwa Nanko as raw water.

[0047]

According to the configuration of the present invention as described above, the following effects can be obtained.

In the event of an emergency such as an earthquake, storm and flood damage, a large fire, or a drought, or during outdoor activities, when drinking water cannot be secured, nearby river water, lake water, pond water,
From water sources that are not suitable for drinking, such as pool water and disaster prevention water,
By removing harmful organic compounds such as odorants, trihalomethanes, and pesticides, as well as protozoa, fungi, and fine particles in the water, it becomes possible to produce water that can withstand drinking.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing one embodiment of a simple water purification device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing another embodiment of the simple water purification device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an internal structural view showing a water absorption step of a liquid pump pressurizing type plunger type pump applicable to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an internal structural view showing a discharge step of a liquid pump pressurizing type plunger type pump applicable to the simple water purification apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an internal structural view showing a water absorption process of a liquid pump pressurization type piston pump applicable to the simple water purification apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an internal structure diagram showing a discharge step of a liquid pump pressurizing type piston pump applicable to the simple water purification apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an internal structure diagram showing a water absorption process of a piston pump of an air pump pressurization type applicable to the simple water purification device of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an internal structural view showing a discharge step of a piston pump of an air pump pressurization type applicable to the simple water purification apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an internal sectional view showing an example of a water purifier applied to the simple water purifier of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a view showing an example of a dirt confirmation window of a cartridge of a water purifier applied to the simple water purification device of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a water purifier applied to the simple water purifier of the present invention before a cartridge is attached.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a water purifier applied to the simple water purifier of the present invention while the cartridge is being mounted.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a water purifier applied to the simple water purifier of the present invention after a cartridge is attached.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Container 2: Hand pump 3: Water purifier 4: Faucet 5: Disinfectant 6: Strainer 7: Hand pump 10: Water purifier 11: Water purifier body (body) 12: Filter medium storage cylinder (cartridge) 13: Water supply Faucet 15: Raw water inlet 16: Raw water outlet 17: Raw water supply port 24: Raw water receiving port 25: Filtration water supply port 26: Water purifier container 27: Hollow fiber bundle 28: Hollow fiber bundle layer 29: Activated carbon layer 30: Bayonet mechanism 31: Potting 35: Dirt confirmation window 36: Lid 50: Plunger 51: Cylinder 52: Water absorption valve 53: Discharge valve 54: Air chamber 55: L-shaped packing 60: Piston 61: Cylinder 62: Water absorption valve 63: Discharge valve 64 : Air chamber 65: Piston packing 70: Piston 71: Cylinder 72: Water suction valve 73: Discharge valve 74: Air chamber 75: Piston packing

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A pump for sucking and pressurizing raw water in a container is provided at a supply / drain port of a container, and a water purifier having a filter medium made of at least activated carbon and a hollow fiber membrane is provided at a discharge port of the pump. A simple water purification device characterized by the following. 2. A container having at least two water supply / drainage ports, a pump for pressurizing raw water in the container is disposed at one of the water supply / drainage ports, and the other water supply / drainage port has a filter medium comprising at least activated carbon and a hollow fiber membrane. A simple water purification device characterized by having a vessel installed. 3. The simple water purifier according to claim 1, wherein a plastic tank is used as a container, raw water is pumped into the tank, and a solid germicide is charged. 4. The simple water purification device according to claim 1, wherein the power source of the pump is a human power. 5. The simple water purifier according to claim 1, wherein a water purifier capable of detachably mounting a cartridge filled with a filter medium on a water purifier main body is used. 6. A confirmation hole for confirming the hollow fiber membrane portion in the cylinder portion is provided at the top of the cylinder body of the cartridge containing the hollow fiber membrane as a filter medium, and the confirmation hole is detachable or openable and closable. The simple water purifier according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a water purifier provided with a simple lid is used.