JPH1031979A - Metal halide lamp with built-in starter - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Problem] To provide a non-linear ceramic capacitor heating device capable of generating a pulse voltage necessary for starting and using a non-linear ceramic capacitor capable of surely stopping the generation of a pulse when an error occurs. Provided is a metal halide lamp with a built-in starter, which has excellent lamp characteristics so that a resistor for use can be easily selected and set. SOLUTION: In a metal halide lamp in which a starter including a non-linear ceramic capacitor 2 is connected in parallel to an arc tube 1, the starter is connected to a circuit including the non-linear ceramic capacitor 2, and the non-linear ceramic capacitor is operated when the starter operates. A heating resistor 3 capable of heating the temperature of the non-linear ceramic capacitor 2 to the Curie temperature is disposed close to the terminal lead of the non-linear ceramic capacitor 3 by 3 ± 2 mm, and a welding point of the terminal lead and the heating resistor 3
The distance from the lead to the lead is 3 ± 2 mm, and the volume of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor 2 and the heating resistor 3
Are set so that the ratio of the power consumption is 51 to 174 mm ³ / w.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a metal halide lamp having a built-in starter using a non-linear ceramic capacitor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a starter of a metal vapor discharge lamp such as a metal halide lamp, a starter provided with a high-pressure pulse generating circuit using a glow lamp has been proposed in order to solve problems such as operational stability and life. A capacitor using a non-linear ceramic capacitor made of a ferroelectric material mainly composed of barium titanate or the like having a non-linear VQ characteristic has been used. This uses a saturation characteristic of a nonlinear ceramic capacitor to generate a pulse voltage every anti-cycle by the inductance of a ballast connected in series with this nonlinear ceramic capacitor, and apply this to a metal halide lamp to start it. Is what you do.

Such a lamp constitutes a starter by a series circuit of an arc tube, a non-linear ceramic capacitor, a heating resistor and a semiconductor switch, and is connected in parallel with the arc tube and housed in an outer bulb. I have.

[0004]

The problem to be solved by the present invention is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-290.
As No. 985, a heating resistor is connected in parallel to a nonlinear ceramic capacitor and arranged in close proximity, and when the lamp is in a non-point, the nonlinear ceramic capacitor is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the Curie temperature by heat radiation from the heating resistor. A high pressure sodium lamp with a built-in starter has been proposed in which a non-linear ceramic capacitor is made paraelectric to lose switching characteristics and stop generation of a pulse.

In the lamp configured as described above, if the resistance value of the heating resistor for the non-linear ceramic capacitor is small, the pulse stop time becomes short due to a large amount of heat generated at the time of a failure, but the generated pulse voltage is reduced. Become smaller.
On the other hand, when the resistance value of the heating resistor is large, the generated pulse voltage is large, but the amount of heat generated at the point of failure is small, so that the pulse stop time is long. Therefore, it is necessary to stop the pulse without significantly reducing the pulse voltage.

Further, in the lamp configured as described above, the pulse voltage required for lighting differs depending on the type of lamp, wattage, ballast, and other conditions. Even when a non-linear ceramic capacitor is used, the pulse voltage decreases. For this reason, a plurality of types of non-linear ceramic capacitors having different diameters (diameters of the electrode films) are prepared, and the resistance values of the non-linear ceramic capacitors and the heating resistor thereof are adjusted according to conditions such as the type of lamp and wattage. There is a problem that it must be selected and used. In the high-pressure sodium lamp, the pulse voltage required for starting is generated by setting the ratio of the volume of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor to the power consumption of the heating resistor to 110 to 305 mm ³ / w, and the lamp is not defective. At times, it has been proposed that the starter pulse generation can be reliably stopped. (Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 8-91799)

However, while the outer bulb of the high-pressure sodium lamp has a vacuum, the inert gas such as nitrogen gas is sealed in the outer bulb of the metal halide lamp, so that heat of the resistor is removed by convection. . For this reason, the above proposal has a problem that the metal halide lamp cannot reliably stop the pulse generation of the starter when the lamp fails.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems in a conventional metal halide lamp having a built-in starter using a non-linear ceramic capacitor. A metal halide lamp with a built-in starter with excellent lamp characteristics that enables easy selection and setting of a non-linear ceramic capacitor heating resistor that generates a high pulse voltage and can reliably stop pulse generation when there is no point The purpose is to provide.

[0009]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to the first aspect of the present invention is directed to a method in which a starter including a non-linear ceramic capacitor is connected in parallel to an arc tube and a starter built-in outer sphere is provided. In a metal halide lamp filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, the starter is connected in parallel to a circuit including a non-linear ceramic capacitor, and is capable of heating the temperature of the non-linear ceramic capacitor to a Curie temperature during operation of the starter. A resistor is disposed so as to approach and face the nonlinear ceramic capacitor,
The ratio between the volume of the non-linear ceramic capacitor and the power consumption of the heating resistor is set to be 51 to 174 mm ³ / w. The invention according to claim 2 is
2. The metal halide lamp with a built-in starter according to claim 1, wherein a distance L between a terminal lead of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor and an end of the heating resistor is 1 to 5 mm,
Further, the distance d between the welding point of the terminal lead and the lead of the heating resistor is set to 1 to 5 mm.

[0010] The pulse generation function of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor constituting the starter has the following functions: the secondary open-circuit voltage of the ballast, the volume of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor and the resistance of the heating resistor thereof, and the nonlinear ceramic capacitor and the heating resistor. Is determined by the arrangement mode. Therefore, in the present invention, the relationship between the facing distance between the nonlinear ceramic capacitor and the heating resistor, and the relationship between the power consumption of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor and the heating resistor are examined and set as described above. Accordingly, it is possible to generate a sufficiently large pulse voltage at the time of a normal start, and to completely stop the generation of the pulse voltage at the time of a failure.

[0011]

Next, an embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a metal halide lamp with a built-in starter according to the present invention. 1 is an arc tube,
Numeral 2 denotes a non-linear ceramic capacitor, which is composed of barium titanate (BaTiO ₃ ) as a main component and has a diameter of 16.0 m and a diameter of 16.0 m on both sides of a sintered body on a 1.0 mm thick disk.
m silver electrode film is formed and electrode terminals are connected to this.
The electrode film is overcoated with inorganic glass and has a Curie temperature of about 90 ° C. Reference numeral 3 denotes a heating resistor of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor 2, the resistance of which is 20 KΩ. Reference numeral 4 denotes a semiconductor switch composed of a bidirectional two-terminal thyristor having a breakover voltage of about 150 V. Reference numeral 5 denotes a resistance value 30 connected in parallel with the semiconductor switch 4 for stabilizing the ON phase of the semiconductor switch.
It is a resistance of KΩ.

The semiconductor switch 4 alone is not arranged in the outer sphere, but is arranged in the base. Also, 6
Is a thermal response switch, and 7 is a starting auxiliary resistor. In the drawing, reference numerals 8a and 8b denote main electrodes sealed at both ends of the arc tube 1, and auxiliary electrodes 9 are sealed in proximity to one main electrode 8a. A non-linear ceramic capacitor 2, a heating resistor 3, a semiconductor switch 4, a parallel resistor 5, a thermally responsive switch 6, and a start-up auxiliary resistor 7 having a resistance value of 100 KΩ constitute a starter. Nitrogen gas is filled except for the semiconductor switch. It is housed in the outer sphere and forms a metal halide lamp.

Next, the operation of the thus configured metal halide lamp will be described. When the power supply voltage is applied, a pulse voltage is generated by the starter, and the pulse is applied between the main electrode 8a and the auxiliary electrode 9 and between the main electrodes 8a and 8b.

Then, after a glow discharge is generated between the main electrode 8a and the auxiliary electrode 9, an arc discharge is generated between the main electrodes 8a and 8b. As described above, since the discharge starts from the narrow gap between the main electrode 8a and the auxiliary electrode 9, 90
It can be easily started with a relatively low pulse voltage of about 0V.

The 400W built-in metal halide lamp with a built-in starter has a ratio of the volume of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor to the power consumption of the heating resistor of 51 to 174.
mm ³ / w, at the time of starting, a high voltage pulse of 1150 V is generated from the starter, and the starting is easily turned on. On the other hand, when the power supply voltage is applied in a disconnected state with the arc tube disconnected, the starting is started. Instrument pulse generation stopped at 2 minutes and 5 seconds.

According to the present invention, the ratio between the volume of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor and the power consumption of the heating resistor is 51 to 174 mm.
^The setting is made to be ³ / w. Next, an experiment performed for such setting will be described. 18.0m diameter as non-linear ceramic capacitor
m, electrode membrane diameter 15.5 mm, thickness 0.8 mm (FEC1), diameter 15.5 mm, electrode membrane diameter 13.5
mm, thickness 1.2 mm (FEC2), and diameter 1
8.0 mm, electrode membrane diameter 16.0 mm, thickness 1.0 mm
(FEC3). On the other hand, as the heating resistor, the resistance value is 55KΩ, 30KΩ, 20KΩ, 10K.
Ω, 5KΩ, 1 / 4P type carbon film resistor
= (Volume of nonlinear ceramic capacitor) / (power consumption of heating resistor) [mm ³ / W] and B = power consumption of heating resistor [W] = V ² / R (V: 2 of ballast Table 1 shows the results of measuring the next open-circuit voltage 200 V, R: the resistance value of the heating resistor, and evaluating the presence / absence of the pulse stop and the generated pulse voltage. In Table 1, the symbol ○ indicates that the pulse was stopped.
The mark “x” means no pulse stop, and the mark “△” means pulse stop, but the generated pulse voltage is insufficient. Empirically, it has been found that in a metal halide lamp, the generated pulse voltage should be higher than 900 V in consideration of ballast type and wiring length.

[0017]

[Table 1]

From Table 1, the value of A, that is, the ratio of the volume of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor to the power consumption of the heating resistor is 1
It can be seen that if it is not more than 74 mm ³ / w, pulse generation at the time of a failure can be completely stopped. On the other hand, if the value of A is less than 51 mm ³ / w, the resistance value of the heating resistor becomes small, the generated pulse voltage decreases, and normal starting becomes difficult. Therefore, the value of A is 51 to 174 mm ³
/ W is required, and in the present invention, the value of A is set as described above.

FIG. 2 is a front view and a side view showing an arrangement of the non-linear ceramic capacitor and the heating resistor in the embodiment shown in FIG. In the figure, 2 is a non-linear ceramic capacitor, 2a is the same terminal lead, 3 is a heating resistor, and 3a is the same lead. The terminal lead 2a of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor 2 and the heating resistor 3
Is 1 to 5 mm because the distance L from the end of the
If it is less than 0.5 mm, it is difficult to weld the lead terminal of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor to the lead of the resistor, and the nonlinear ceramic capacitor may be damaged.
Is more than 5 mm, the time required for the opposing position to be shifted and the pulse to be stopped exceeds 5 minutes at room temperature (25 ° C.). The stop of the pulse is aimed at within 5 minutes at room temperature.

The reason why the distance D between the welding point of the terminal lead 2a of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor 2 and the lead 3a of the heating resistor 3 is 1 to 5 mm is that if D is less than 1 mm, the distance D between the terminal lead of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor and It is difficult to weld the lead of the heating resistor, and there is a risk of damaging the nonlinear ceramic capacitor. If D exceeds 5 mm, the lamp may fall during transportation, etc. Since the terminal lead may be bent, the above range is set.

[0021]

As described above, according to the present invention, according to the present invention, a heating resistor for a non-linear ceramic capacitor is disposed close to and opposed to the non-linear ceramic capacitor. The ratio between the volume and the power consumption of the heating resistor is 51 to 174 m.
Since the setting is made to be m ³ / w, there are advantages that a pulse voltage required for starting can be generated and that the pulse generation of the starter can be surely stopped when the lamp is not at a point.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of a metal halide lamp with a built-in starter according to the present invention.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are a front view and a side view showing an arrangement of a nonlinear ceramic capacitor and a heating resistor in the embodiment shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1. Arc tube 2. 2. Non-linear ceramic capacitor Heating resistor 4. Semiconductor switch 5. Resistor 6. Thermal response switch 7. Starting auxiliary resistance 8a. Main electrode 8b. Main electrode 9. Auxiliary electrode reference number P08062
Page (1) Written statement describing chemical formula, etc.

Table 1 Measurement content Heating resistor (KΩ) 55 30 20 105 A (mm3 / w) 291 157 102 51 25 FEC1 B (w) 0.7 1.3 2.0 4.0 8.0204 ( mm3) Pulse voltage (v) 1580 1470 1440 1160 870 Evaluation × × ○ ○ △ A (mm3 / w) 323 174 113 57 28 FEC2 B (w) 0.7 1.3 2.0 4.0 8.0226 (mm3) mm3) Pulse voltage (v) 1210 1130 1100 920 710 Evaluation × ○ ○ ○ △ A (mm3 / w) 364 196 127 64 32 FEC3 B (w) 0.7 1.3 2.0 4.0 8.0254 ( mm3) Pulse voltage (v) 1550 1470 1400 1150 880 Evaluation × × ○ ○ △

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A metal halide lamp of a built-in starter type in which a starter including a non-linear ceramic capacitor is connected in parallel to an arc tube and an inert gas such as nitrogen gas is enclosed in an outer bulb. The heater is connected in parallel to a circuit including the non-linear ceramic capacitor, and a heating resistor capable of heating the temperature of the non-linear ceramic capacitor to the Curie temperature during the operation of the starter is arranged close to and facing the non-linear ceramic capacitor, A metal halide lamp with a built-in starter, wherein the ratio of the volume of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor to the power consumption of the heating resistor is set to be 51 to 174 mm ³ / w. 2. A distance L between a terminal lead of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor and an end of the heating resistor is 1 to 5 m.
2. The metal halide lamp with a built-in starter according to claim 1, wherein m is a distance between the welding point of the terminal lead and the lead of the heating resistor is 1 to 5 mm.