JPH1044152A - Apparatus for classifying plastic waste to be reused by recycling method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for mechanically slicing or cutting a plastic article (particularly bottle or container) supplied to a charging area to be automatically allowed and discharging plastic member treated in this manner at a discharging area to be further processed. SOLUTION: In the apparatus 10 for classifying plastic waste article to be reused by a recycling method, a bottom 22a is extended between a charging area and a discharging area in an operating surface 18. A drivable cam protruding in an upward direction from the surface 18 is useful to transport waste article material 32 to be treated along the surface 18. A conveying section is limited by a charging plate 34 crossing at a predetermined interval the surface perpendicularly to a conveying direction so that a knife 52 crossing the section at least partly and an overarm 30 corresponding thereto are relatively movable to one another in the conveying direction.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for sorting plastic waste for reuse by a recycling method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recycling plastics, there is a problem that a part of waste plastics needs to be pre-treated in accordance with its form. In particular, closed plastic bottles or containers that are not completely emptied can cause internal pressure due to gas filling, which can cause sudden opening and the bottle or container to fly. in this case,
Prior to further processing, it may be necessary to open the containers and bottles to remove gases and, if necessary, residual contents.
Because these bottles and containers have stoppers of different constructions and dimensions and require extremely complex equipment to open the stoppers, a method which is inherently simple and particularly suitable for treating large volumes of waste. Means tearing or slicing bottles and containers. If it is desired to grind the optionally coarse plastics body, plastic moldings with comparable dimensions of bottles or containers or other shapes, if desired, can also be cut completely.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to make it possible to automatically and acceptably mechanically slice or cut plastic articles (especially bottles or containers) brought into an input area. Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus capable of discharging the plastic member thus processed in a discharge area for further processing.
In doing so, it is possible to avoid clogging or damage of the device by parts which resist the processing tool and also to crush large plastic thin films or plastic waste integrated into spheres instead of moldings such as bottles or containers. There is also the possibility that equipment must be provided as required.

[0004]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a solution of the above-mentioned device is to provide a cam having a bottom portion extending between an input area and a discharge area in a work plane and projecting upward from the work plane. The transport section is made movable by a drive unit to transport the waste material to be processed along the working plane, and the transfer section is crossed by a loading plate that crosses the working plane at a predetermined interval perpendicular to the transport direction between the loading area and the discharge area. In addition to restricting, a knife and an overarm attached to the knife that at least partially cross the conveyance section are relatively movable in the conveyance direction.

In the basic configuration of this device, for example, when processing bottles and / or containers by a cam,
These plastic parts move against the input plate. Due to this resistance, forces are applied to the plastic parts pressed against the plate, placing these parts as flat as possible on the bottom and placing them between the lower edge of the input plate and the working plane and / or the bottle to be processed. An attempt is made to adapt the transport cross section adjusted to the dimensions of the canister and then to move under the input plate at this position. This results in an alignment of the parts which is likewise suitable for the action of the knife (i.e. slicing or cutting) to the desired extent, in which case the knife in the transport direction is positioned behind the input plate and adjusted accordingly.
The rational configuration of the device corresponding to the above problem will be described in detail below. However, the basic configuration is also suitable for waste conveyed into the apparatus for processing in large film or spherical form. In this case, the dosing plate serves as an overarm for the scalpel and can be moved relative to the dosing plate, similar to and driven with the cam, and the material deposited on the dosing plate is sliced and ground from below. Thereafter, it is passed through a feed gap or transport section between the lower edge of the feed plate and the working plane and is guided further to the fixed knife for further processing or to the discharge area without further processing.

[0006]

According to a rational design, the bottom is movable in the direction of transport of the cam, and preferably has a bottom connected to at least one drive chain and extending perpendicular to each other in the direction of travel of the chain. According to another preferred embodiment, provided with a cam which protrudes into the conveying section.

According to another preferred embodiment, a part of the cam is formed as a cam frame, the height of which is smaller than the height of the other cams, and the other cams are distributed at intervals perpendicular to the conveying direction. And at the same time, it is formed as a protruding portion that protrudes into the conveyance section.

According to another embodiment, the bottom is fixedly arranged and, on the upper side, a cam frame connected to at least one drive chain moving in the direction of transport of the cam is attached, preferably a part of the cam frame. Numerals are projecting portions distributed at intervals perpendicular to the conveying direction for supporting cams projecting in the conveying section.

In particular, for processing bottles and / or containers, the apparatus is designed such that the height of the protrusion above the working plane corresponds to half of the maximum container diameter allowed in processing round cross-section containers. Is reasonable.

[0010] To enable adaptation to the resulting waste, a preferred arrangement is to arrange the loading plate up and down and to maintain a minimum distance from the working plane in its basic position. For this purpose, the loading plate is preferably pivotably mounted about an axis perpendicular to the transport direction.

In order not to lift the entire plate in the case of small parts which hinder the working process, a reasonable embodiment divides the input plate perpendicular to the transport direction into at least two parts which can move up and down independently and independently of one another. Is to do.

According to another rational embodiment, the loading plate is loaded by a spring in the direction of the basic position with a minimum distance from the working plane, preferably making the spring stress adjustable.

[0013] In another preferred embodiment, the lower edge of the dosing plate is formed of a replaceable wear plate. Because,
This is because it is necessary to anticipate particularly high wear.

In order to treat plastic waste, in particular in the form of bottles and containers, a number of scalpels extending in the conveying direction, following the loading plate in the conveying direction, are distributed over the width of the conveying cross section and are displaced in the conveying direction. It is preferable to extend the cutting edge that is oriented downward by tilting downward with respect to the transport direction, and rationally enlarge the distance between the cutting edge and the work plane by moving the knife against the action of the resilient force. Make it free. In this way, the bottle or container to be sliced is opened by the approaching cutting edge, while the scalpel can avoid too much resistance. Here, the preferred embodiment is configured such that the distance between the cutting edges from the working plane can be increased by the turning movement of the knife about an axis extending perpendicular to the transport direction.

A rational embodiment comprises placing the knife on a knife support which extends perpendicular to the transport direction at the top of the transport cross section, where the knife is preferably displaced relatively in the transport direction and transported. It arrange | positions as a group extended inclining to a direction.

This advantage is achieved by disposing a scalpel between two guide plates, preferably supporting the shaft mounted on the scalpel support, and providing a sector slit extending centrally on the shaft to extend between the guide plates. This can be achieved by the pin penetrating to limit the pivoting movement.

[0017] In the case of high resistance, which can occur, for example, when an article to be supplied untreated goes into plastic waste, according to another embodiment, the scalpel support is moved from the working plane against the resilience. It is advantageous to be able to ascend from a basic position which maintains a predetermined distance, wherein the female support can be swiveled about an axis set opposite its transport direction. Preferably, the resilience is adjustable.

If the bottle or container must not be cut simply by slicing, the cutting edge of the scalpel is terminated above the working plane at intervals.

When cutting a bottle or container, the cutting edge of the scalpel is terminated below the working plane and fitted into a groove in the bottom extending in the transport direction.

In order to avoid that non-crushable articles can remain in the device and possibly damage subsequent equipment, a particularly preferred embodiment is to attach a sensor to the scalpel so that the scalpel has a resilient effect. It is configured to respond to the moment of movement to the final position that occurs below and to be suitable for the sensor to deactivate the drive in response.

A reasonable embodiment required for the grinding of the material is that at least part of the cam is constituted by a projection which extends above a scalpel working plane provided with a toothed cutting edge and which has a The female protruding portion is provided as an overarm, and a lower edge portion thereof is provided with a slit which opens downward and is suitable for the protruding portion to enter.

In particular, for treating plastic waste supplied in spherical form, the preferred embodiment is a group of scalpels, each connected directly at equal intervals in the transport direction and in rows extending perpendicular to the transport direction. At least two arranged protrusions are followed by at least one lower cam frame extending perpendicularly to the conveying direction, the articulated rows within this group having a spacing smaller than the smallest width of the spheres to be processed The configuration is as follows. At that time, the cutting edge of the female protrusion cuts the sphere abutting on the input plate from below, `` sharpening '' the area where the cam frame is fixed by the knife, and sifting the separated plastic under the input plate Configure. In this case, another rational embodiment is to dispose the loading plate up and down and to traverse the work plane at a predetermined minimum interval in a direction extending obliquely to the transport direction. In this embodiment, the scalpel group behind the input plate can be omitted when processing the sphere.

[0023]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The device according to the invention is particularly suitable as a process in a multi-stage plant for recycling waste plastics. This is constructed in the frame structure 12 for the embodiment shown generally at 10 and shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 and provided with wheels 14 to carry the device 10 to the required use position, respectively. This is because the device can be replaced with the device described above.

The frame structure 12 is provided with a limit wall 16 surrounding the working area in a ring-like manner, which is arranged at the end of the apparatus 10 for loading waste material to be treated from above with respect to a substantially horizontal working plane 18. It has a wall member 19 which extends obliquely and downwards, on which material can slide down. At the opposite end (i.e., the lower end 20) of the device, the limit wall 16 can be suitably opened so that the material processed by the device can be dropped for further transport, for example to a belt conveyor.

In the area of the working plane 18, the area closed by the limiting wall 16 is closed downward by the fixed bottom 22a (FIG. 3), but in its position near the upper edge and in the direction of movement. There may also be a movable bottom 22b consisting of a laminated bottom plate 28b that is relatively pivotably connected about a vertically extending axis. Preferably, the bottom plate 28b connects both parts with one endless chain 23 each, each of which is guided at both ends of the device 10 via a pair of chain gears 24 and 26, one of which is a drive (shown). )). The bottom plate 28b extends perpendicular to the running direction of the chain 23. The connecting shaft is arranged near the upper side of the movable bottom part 22b, and a gap is provided in the area of the chain gear pair 24 and 26 during the pivoting of the adjacent bottom plate 28b so that the part of the material to be processed can be fixed therebetween. Do not open the part. In the case where the fixed bottom portion 22a is provided, as shown in FIG. 3, a cam frame 28a extending perpendicularly to the moving direction and spaced from each other in the moving direction is connected to the chain 23, and the frame body 28a extends along the bottom portion 22a. Can move directly. In order to supply the material to be treated on the side opposite to the descending end 20, at least one cam frame 28a or bottom plate 28b, which is at a similar interval, is provided with a cam 30 above it.

To apply all the plastic articles (in the case of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 for plastic bottles and containers 32) brought into the apparatus for processing to the action of the corresponding tool, the apparatus Must be limited in the processing area. This involves a dosing plate 34, which extends at least approximately perpendicular to the working plane 18 in the basic position shown in FIG.
Maintain an adjustable distance from the working plane 18. The loading plate 34 is fixed to two side arms 38a and 38b, which are pivotally supported on the frame structure 12 about a horizontal axis 40. A compression spring having an adjustable spring force presses the input plate 34 to its basic position.

The side arms 46a and 46b are supported on the frame structure 12 so as to be pivotable about the horizontal axis 44, and are pressed to the basic position shown in FIG. 1 by a compression spring 48 having an adjustable spring force. You. These arms 46
a and 46b are connected by a scalpel support frame 50, and the support frame 50 extends in a plane parallel to the work plane 18 at an angle to the moving direction of the chain 23. The scalpel support frame 50 supports a parallel scalpel 52 extending in the moving direction so as to be pivotable about an axis 51 perpendicular to the moving direction of the horizontal chain 23, and the scalpel 52 is supported by the scalpel support frame 50. 1 are individually pressed to the basic positions seen in FIG. 1, which are spaced from the working plane 18 by a predetermined distance. If a pressing force exceeding the force of the spring 54 attached to the scalpel 52 is applied to the scalpel 52 or a group of the scalpels 52 by an article moved along the work plane 18 by the cam 30, the scalpels 52 are limited. Avoid upwards over the turning angle. For this purpose, the scalpels 52 are respectively arranged between guide plates connected to the scalpel support frame 50 (not shown), and the axis 51 extends between them. A pin 53 is connected to the guide plate parallel to the axis 51 and penetrates a slit 55 in the knife 52, thereby limiting the turning angle of the knife. If this is not sufficient for the protection corresponding to the knife 52, the knife support frame 50
Can be raised about the axis 44 as a whole against the action of the spring 48 to prevent damage to the device.

The height of the cam 30 above the working plane 18 corresponds to at least half the maximum permissible diameter of the round container at the time of processing. Thus, the container transferred by the cam 30 cannot slide between the cam 30 and the knife 52 in an unprocessed state.

Preferably, the cams 30 are arranged in groups perpendicular to the direction of movement, and are arranged on the cam frame 28a or the bottom plate 28b at the same interval in this group.

By the action of the cam 30 and the lower edge 36 of the input plate 34, the inclined wall member 19 and the input plate 34
Are positioned such that their longest axes are at least approximately parallel to the working plane 18. In this position, the bottle or container 32 is moved against the knife 52, and the knife is inclined with respect to the work plane 18 and the cutting edge 58 descends downward.
In the embodiment of the device according to FIGS. 1 to 3, it terminates at the top of the cam frame 56, through which the bottle or container 32 is sliced by the knife 52 but not separated.
The cam 30 and the knife 52 are displaced perpendicular to each other in the direction of movement of the bottom chain 22, so that the cam does not collide with the knife. The arrangement of the knife 52 with respect to the knife support frame 50 extending at an angle to the moving direction ensures that the blade force is distributed to more cam frames 56.

If it is desired not only to slice the bottle or container 32 but to completely separate it, the cutting edge 18
Must be guided below the working plane 18 defined by the surface of the fixed bottom 20 or the moving bottom 20b. This is because, in this case, the cam frame 28a or the bottom plate 28b is provided with a groove portion 60 which corresponds to the knife 52 and extends upward and moves in the moving direction, which will be further described in the embodiment of FIG. This will be explained in detail, and is useful for grinding spheres made of waste plastic.

Since the lower edge of the input plate 34 can be subject to severe wear, a wear plate 62, preferably replaceable, is provided as shown in FIG.

In order to avoid having to raise the entire dosing plate during the resistance, the dosing plates can each be divided into separately supported and spring-loaded section widths.

In order to extend the operability of the device and to make it economical, the device 10 can be crushed with waste plastic spheres 132 or loosely introduced plastic waste, for example plastic film. Can be equipped as Apparatus 1 equipped in this way
10 is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and parts corresponding to those of the device according to FIGS.

As described above, in this embodiment, the cutting edge 58 of the knife 52 is guided to below the working plane 18 and protrudes into the groove 60 in the upper surface of the bottom plate 28b, and the material that the knife 52 contacts the bottom chain 22 is removed. Allows complete penetration and separation. At the same time, the saw-tooth portion 133 is arranged on the selected bottom plate 28b or the cam frame 128a of the moving bottom portion 22b and the scalpel 131 displaced in the moving direction. The scalpels 131 are integrated as a group, they are arranged as rows back and forth in the direction of movement extending perpendicular to the direction of movement, one group consisting of at least two such rows, the spacing of which is measured in the direction of movement. It is smaller than the width of the sphere to be processed. A cam frame 12 is provided between the female groups.
8a is arranged. The cam frame 128a can be provided with a gripper 30 that is displaced more perpendicularly to the moving direction than the knife 131, and a plurality of cam frames 1 arranged between the knife groups are provided.
It is also possible to provide 28a, each of which is provided with mutually displaced cams 30 perpendicular to the direction of movement. Female 13
1. The arrangement of the knife frame 128a and the cam 30 can be adapted to the material to be processed or the driving force to be supplied, respectively, so that optimum energy can be supplied.

The scalpel 131 applies a cutting action to the material to be processed, which is deposited in front of the input plate 34, and particularly, the sphere carried into the apparatus 110 is captured from below and the height is set by the lower edge of the input plate 34. Limited and female 532
The contact can be made to be further crushed. Preferably, in this embodiment, the lower edge section of the input plate 34 may be provided with a wear insert, which is often a lower tooth for passing the toothed knife 131 and optionally the cam 130. It has a slit that opens in the direction, the height of which protrudes upward beyond the lower edge of the input plate 34 lowered to the basic position.

FIGS. 6 to 8 show a very simplified embodiment, in particular a plastic waste 23 which is carried in spherically.
2 suitable for grinding. In this embodiment, the loading plate 234 is not supported by the arms 38a and 38b,
The loading plate 234 is fixed to the scalpel support frame 50 so as to be inclined with respect to the transport direction. Further, the female support frame 5
At 0, the scalpel 52 is missing. The loading plate 234 serves the toothed knife 231 as an over-arm plate,
This can be done with the bottom chain 22 as a wear insert if necessary.
The slit 235 for passing the toothed scalpel 231 disposed on the bottom chain 22 and traveling in the moving direction of the bottom chain 22 is provided. Since the input plate 234 is attached to the knife support frame 50 extending inclining with respect to the moving direction, the sphere 232 is thereby supplied inclining with respect to the moving direction of the knife 231. A cam frame 256 is arranged in a row of scalpels 231 extending in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction (similar to the above embodiment).

The sphere 23 pressed by the input plate 234
2 is captured and fixed by a scalpel 231 on its lower side,
The cam frame 256 extends along its lower side so that it is "cut". As a result, the sphere 232 is discharged in a layered manner from below, and then is replaced by a subsequent sphere.

In order to avoid damage to the device, to the subsequent plant or to the product to be produced, a metal detector can be provided at a suitable position of the device (preferably in the region of the input plate), and in response to the activation of the metal detector The part should be destroyed immediately in response.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an apparatus constructed according to the present invention for severing a plastic bottle or container.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a lower end portion of a charging plate.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the device shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention suitable for grinding spherical materials.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the device of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of an apparatus which is also suitable for grinding spherical materials.

FIG. 7 is a detailed sectional view of the facing plate according to FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a plan view of the device according to FIG. 5;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Device 12 Frame structure 14 Wheel 18 Work plane 23 Chain 30 Cam 32 Waste material 34 Input plate 52 Female

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Agency reference number FI Technical display location // B29K 101: 00 105: 26

Claims (29)

[Claims] An apparatus (10; 110; 210) for sorting plastic waste for reuse by a recycling method.
, A bottom portion (22a; 22b) extends between the input area and the discharge area on the work plane (18),
Cams (30, 2) projecting upward from the work plane (18)
8a; 128a; 228a), the waste material (32; 132; 232) to be treated is movably transported by the drive along the working plane (18) and works between the input area and the discharge area. A scalpel (52; 11; 231) which crosses the plane at a predetermined interval perpendicular to the conveying direction at a predetermined interval and restricts the conveying cross section, and at least partially crosses the conveying cross section, An apparatus for sorting plastic waste, wherein the arm (30; 34; 234) is relatively movable in the transport direction. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the bottom (22b) is movable in the direction of transport of the cam (30). 3. The base (22b) is connected to at least one drive chain (23) and relatively connected to the chain (2).
Device according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a bottom plate (28b) which can pivot about an axis extending perpendicular to the direction of travel of 3). 4. The bottom plate (28b) has a cam (128a; 13) which at least partially protrudes into the conveying section.
1; 231). 5. A part of the cam is formed as a cam frame (128a), the height of which is lower than the height of the other cams (131; 231), and these are distributed at intervals perpendicular to the transport direction. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the apparatus is formed as a projecting portion that enters the conveying section. 6. A fixed arrangement of the bottom portion (22a),
2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a cam frame (28a) connected to at least one drive chain (23) movably in a conveying direction of the cam (30). 7. At least a part of the cam frame (28a) supports a cam (30) protruding into the section of the conveyance, and is a projection distributed at intervals perpendicular to the conveyance direction. An apparatus according to claim 6. 8. A projection (3) beyond the working plane (18).
8. Apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the height of 0) corresponds to at least half of the maximum container diameter that is permissible in the treatment of round containers. 9. An input plate (34; 134; 234).
Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is arranged to be able to move up and down and at its basic position a minimum distance from the working plane (18). 10. Input plate (34; 134; 23)
Device according to claim 9, characterized in that 4) is mounted so as to be pivotable about an axis (40) perpendicular to the transport direction. 11. The feeding plate perpendicular to the transport direction is divided into at least two portions that can move up and down independently and independently of each other.
An apparatus according to claim 1. 12. Input plate (34; 134; 23)
Device according to any of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that 4) is loaded by a spring (42) in the direction of a basic position having a minimum distance from the working plane (18). 13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the stress of the spring is adjustable. 14. Input plate (34; 134; 23)
4) Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the lower edge is formed by a replaceable wear plate (62). 15. A loading plate (34; 1) in the transport direction.
34), a plurality of scalpels (52) extending in the transport direction parallel to each other are distributed and arranged over the width of the transport section, and the cutting edge (58) in the direction opposite to the transport direction is inclined downward in the transport direction and extends downward. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that The distance between the cutting edge (58) and the working plane (18) is increased by a scalpel (5) which resists the action of the resilience (54).
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the area can be enlarged by the movement of the step (2).
An apparatus according to claim 5. 17. Each cutting edge (5) from a working plane (18).
An axis (51) extending perpendicularly to the conveying direction at a distance of 8);
Device according to claim 15, characterized in that it can be enlarged by pivoting movement of a knife (52) about. 18. The scalpel (52) is arranged on a scalpel support (50) extending perpendicular to the conveying direction at the upper part of the conveying section. Equipment. 19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the scalpels (52) are relatively displaced in the transport direction and are arranged as a group extending obliquely to the transport direction. 20. A scalpel (52) is disposed between two guide plates each mounted on a scalpel support (50) and supporting an axis (51) and extending intensively on the axis (51). 20. Apparatus according to claim 19, wherein a sector slit (55) is provided to penetrate a pin extending between the guide plates to limit pivoting movement. 21. The female support (50) is provided with a resilient force (4).
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein said first position can be raised from a basic position which keeps a predetermined distance from the working plane against the work plane.
The device according to any one of claims 7 to 20. 22. Apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the female support (50) is pivotable about an axis (44) set opposite the transport direction. 23. The device according to claim 21, wherein the resilience (48) is adjustable. 24. Apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the cutting edge (58) of the scalpel (52) is spaced apart above the working plane (18). 25. The cutting edge (58) of a scalpel (52) terminates below the working plane (18) and fits into a groove in a bottom (22) extending in the respective conveying direction. The device according to any one of claims 23. 26. A scalpel (52) having a sensor attached thereto, said sensor responsive as soon as the scalpel (52) moves from its final position where it has moved under the action of a resilient force (54), and further comprising a drive. 26. Apparatus according to any one of claims 16 to 25, suitable for deactivating the drive in response to. 27. At least a part of the cam is replaced by a projection (131; 231) extending above a female working plane (18) provided with a toothed cutting edge, and further a loading plate (134; 243). ) Has this female protrusion (1).
31; 231) is provided as an overarm, and the lower edge thereof has the protruding portion (13) opened downward.
Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a slit suitable for passing through the 231) is provided. 28. An apparatus for treating plastic waste supplied in the form of spheres (132; 232), each being arranged in at least two rows extending equidistantly with respect to each other and perpendicular to the conveying direction. Projection (13
1; 231) is followed by at least one low cam frame (128a) extending perpendicular to the transport direction, and the rows interposed for this group are provided with spheres (1) to be treated.
32. The apparatus according to claim 27, having a relative spacing smaller than a minimum width of (32; 232). 29. The loading plate (234) is vertically movably arranged, and the working plane (18) is traversed at a predetermined minimum interval in a direction extending inclining with respect to the transport direction. 29. The device according to claim 27 or 28 in combination with any one of items 1 to 15.