JPH10513165A - Anti-adhesive active ingredient - Google Patents

Abstract

  (57) [Summary] The present invention relates to the use of one or more compounds from the group of carbohydrates or carbohydrate derivatives as anti-adhesive active ingredients directed against microorganisms, parasites and protozoa.

Description

Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the use of carbohydrates or carbohydrate derivatives, and to formulations containing these substances. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is already known to reduce the number of microorganisms on a surface by killing them on a surface with a germicide or by washing them off with a cleaning composition. Both methods have known disadvantages. That is, for example, disinfectants can damage surfaces, and cleaning compositions often do not work well. It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to be able to keep or reduce the number of microorganisms, parasites and protozoa on a surface, or to prevent microorganisms, parasites and protozoa from adhering to a surface. It was to provide a gentle and effective method. The present invention relates to the use of one or several compounds from the group consisting of carbohydrates or carbohydrate derivatives as active ingredients with anti-adhesion to microorganisms, parasites and protozoa. The terms "anti-adhesiveness" and "anti-adhesive action" of the active ingredients according to the invention mean that the adhesion of microorganisms, parasites and protozoa to the surface is reduced or eliminated. The invention also relates to the use of one or several compounds from the group consisting of carbohydrates or carbohydrate derivatives as active ingredients with anti-adhesion to microorganisms, parasites and protozoa as constituents of pharmaceuticals Related. The invention also relates to a formulation having the content of one or several compounds from the group consisting of carbohydrates or carbohydrate derivatives having an anti-adhesive action on microorganisms, parasites and protozoa. The anti-adhesive active ingredients and preparations according to the invention can be used prophylactically and also form micro-organisms, parasites and protozoa on the surface of which only a small and troublesome accumulation of micro-organisms, or on which they already adhere, Has the effect of removing parasites and protozoa from their surfaces and thus reducing their numbers. The mentioned objects are achieved by the present invention. The active ingredients according to the invention have the effects mentioned according to the invention on microorganisms, parasites and protozoa and are suitable for the treatment of the problems and diseases mentioned. Particularly suitable carbohydrates or linguistically shortened "carbohydrate derivatives" are also intended to fall under the term "carbohydrates" and are compounds containing saccharides and substituted saccharides or sugar residues. Sugars also include, inter alia, certain deoxy forms. The following active ingredients with a sugar structure are preferred: Monosaccharides Particularly suitable monosaccharides are, for example, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses and heptose. Pentose and hexose are preferred. The ring structure includes furanose and pyranose, as well as both D- and L-isomers, and also includes the α- and β-anomers. Deoxy forms are also suitable. 2. Disaccharides Particularly suitable disaccharides are, for example, disaccharides formed by the combination of the two components of the above monosaccharides. This linkage may exist as an α- or β-glycosidic bond between the two subunits. Sucrose, maltose and lactobiose are preferred. 3. Oligosaccharides Particularly suitable oligosaccharides are those of several types, preferably 2 to 4 units of the saccharides described in 1 and 2 and in particular in known linkage forms formed by condensation and as listed above. For example, 2 to 7 sugar units. Particularly preferred oligosaccharides are trisaccharides in addition to disaccharides. 4. Aminosugars Monosaccharides, disaccharides and oligosaccharides, especially as described above, having one or more amino groups which can be acylated, especially acetylated, are particularly suitable. Ribosylamine, N-acetylglucosamine and N-galactosylamine are preferred. Sugar esters of organic or inorganic acids, such as phosphoric sugar esters, sugar esters or sulphated sugars with carboxylic acids, in particular the esters of the sugars described above, are more advantageously used. 5. Preferred sugar esters of phosphoric acid are glucose 1-phosphate, fructose 1-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate or mannose 6-phosphate. 6. Preferred esters of saccharides and carboxylic acids are, for example, those having a chain length of C ₁ Or C _{twenty four} For example, cetearyl glucoside (Seppic: Montanol 68); caprylyl / capryl glucoside (Seppic: Oramix CG-110); decyl glucoside (Seppic ): Oramix NS-10), but especially also preferably the sugar acetate of the above saccharide. 7. Saccharides, especially the chain length C of the above saccharides ₁ Or C _{twenty four} Also preferred are sugar ethers with alcohols, such as Plantaren ™ 1200 (Henkel) or Plantaren ™ 2000 (Henkel). 8. Further suitable are, for example, reaction products of saccharides with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, preferably including the above saccharides. E / O degrees of 1 to 40 ether units are suitable. 9. Glycolipids Preferred glycolipids are glycosphingolipids, especially ceramides, cerebrosides, gangliosides and sulfatides. 10. Polysaccharides (Natural and Synthetic Origin) Polysaccharides can be unbranched or branched and both homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides, including in each case especially the saccharides described in 1 to 7, are suitable. . Preferred polysaccharides are starch, glycogen, cellulose, dextran, tunisin, inulin, chitin and especially chitosan, alginic acid and alginates, plant gums, mucus, pectin, mannan, galactan, xylan, araban, polyose, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, Hyaluronic acid and glycosaminoglycans, hemicelluloses, substituted celluloses and substituted starches, in particular in each case hydroxyalkyl-substituted polysaccharides. Amylose, amylopectin, xanthan and α-, β- and γ-dextrin are particularly suitable. The polysaccharide may for example consist of 4 to 1,000,000, especially 10 to 100,000 monosaccharides. The chain length which ensures that the active ingredient is soluble or can be incorporated therein in the particular formulation is preferably chosen in each case. The active ingredients according to the invention can be employed individually. However, it is also possible to use two, three or more active ingredients together. In particular, mono- and oligosaccharides can be combined, it being possible in each case to choose one saccharide or two or three or more saccharides. One or several polysaccharides can advantageously be used together with the saccharides or combinations thereof described above. Fucose is particularly preferred. The following combinations and formulations containing them and their use are preferred. Preferred are combinations of aldopentoses and ketopentoses and active ingredients having at least three active ingredients selected from the group consisting of aldohexose and ketohexose and aldheptose and ketoheptose. The mentioned saccharides can also be present, inter alia, in their deoxy form and, in particular, also in the form of derivatives according to the invention. This also applies to the following preferred combinations: Combinations, in particular at least one deoxysugar or at least one deoxysugar derivative or at least one disaccharide or at least one disaccharide, which in each case can also be present in the form of a derivative according to the invention or also in the form of deoxy Particularly preferred are combinations of at least three active ingredients, including at least one trisaccharide. Further preference is given to combinations, in particular combinations of at least three active ingredients, including fucose, which in each case can also be present in the form of the derivatives according to the invention. Particularly preferred are the following active ingredient combinations a) to f): a) fucose, raffinose and galactose b) glucose 6-phosphate, mannose 6-phosphate and mannose c) raffinose, N-acetylglucosamine and fucose d) mannose Rhamnose and fucose e) galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and fucose f) mannose, raffinose and galactose. Particular preference is also given to the specific components of the combination and of the three active ingredients of the three-substance combination in each case, of the two-substance combination which in each case will be formed of the two components. The sugar phosphates and / or one or more sugars from the group consisting of amino and acetylamino sugars are also advantageously one saccharide in each case from the group consisting of monosaccharides and / or oligosaccharides Alternatively, it can be combined with several sugars. The active ingredients are, for example, of the same weight or in a combination by weight, for example of from 1: 100 to 100: 1, preferably from 1:10 to 10: 1, in each case based on another component or several other components. Can be used in Preparations, especially topical preparations, for example cosmetic and dermatological preparations having the active ingredient according to the invention, are in each case based on the total weight of the preparation, e.g. It can be contained in an amount of from 01 to 99% by weight, preferably 1 to 50% by weight, but especially 5 to 20% by weight. In particular, these amounts also apply in each case to the individual components of the combination. Surprisingly, the active ingredients according to the invention and the preparations containing them may be adherent, i.e. so that the customary number of microorganisms, parasites and protozoa on the surface is reduced, or also microbes, parasites and protozoa Have been found to reduce their ability to adhere to such surfaces so that any substantial amount of is no longer detected. Such surfaces are, for example, the outer surfaces of organs or indentations, wounds or eyes of the skin or mucous membranes and body cavities or organs, especially the skin or eye, or the orbit, the surface of the cornea, and the area between the eye and the eyelid. Healthy warm-blooded organisms, especially healthy human skin, are inhabited by a large number of non-pathogenic microorganisms. Not only is this so-called flora of skin harmless, it represents an important protection for protection against opportunistic or pathogenic microorganisms. Bacteria belong to prokaryotic unicellular organisms. They can be broadly distinguished by their shape (spherical, rod-shaped, spiral) and by the surface of the cell wall (gram positive, gram negative). Finer subclassification also takes into account the physiology of the organism. Aerobic, anaerobic and optionally anaerobic bacteria are thus present. Some individuals are medically important for their properties as pathogenic microorganisms, and others are completely harmless as well. Substances that are active against bacteria have been known for quite some time. For example, the term "antibiotic", which cannot be applied to all antimicrobially active substances, can be traced back to 1941, although the first findings on penicillin were already acquired in 1929. Antibiotics in the current sense are not suitable for all pharmaceutical applications and are not at all suitable for cosmetic applications. This is because warm-blooded organisms, ie, sick patients, for example, also often impair some of their metabolic functions when they are used. One object of the present invention is thus to enhance the prior art in this direction, and thus, among other things, gram positive and / or gram without unacceptable impairment of the user's health associated with the use of the substance. It was to provide a substance that was active against negative bacteria. Gram-negative microorganisms are, for example, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas species, and Enterobacteriaceae, such as, for example, Citrobacter. Gram-positive microorganisms also play a role in cosmetics and dermatology. In the case of dirty skin, for example, bacterial secondary infections are of etiological significance, in addition to other effects. One of the most important microorganisms on dirty skin is Acne Propionibacterium acnes. Dirty skin and / or comedones, even in mild cases, impair the satisfactory condition of the affected person. Since in fact all adolescents are affected by some dirty skin, there is a need in many people to improve these conditions. A specific object of the present invention was to find an active substance or combination of substances against such dirty skin or acne Propionibacterium acnes. In another aspect, the invention relates to a cosmetic deodorant. Such formulations help to eliminate body odor. Body odor is manifested when new perspiration, which is odorless by itself, is broken down, especially by gram-positive microorganisms. Customary cosmetic deodorants are based on active ingredients with a variety of actions. Both liquid deodorants, such as, for example, aerosol sprays, roll-ons, and solid formulations, such as, for example, desticks, powders, powder sprays, direct cleansing compositions, are known and customary. In so-called antiperspirants, the formation of perspiration can be suppressed by astringents, mainly aluminum salts such as aluminum hydrochloride (aluminum hydrogen chloride). Apart from the denaturation of skin proteins, the substances used for this, however, intervene dramatically in the heat balance of the axillary area, depending on the dosage, and should be used in exceptional cases, at best is there. The flora on the skin can be reduced by using antimicrobial substances in cosmetic deodorants. In the ideal case, only the odor-causing microorganisms should be effectively reduced. In fact, however, it has been found that the entire flora on the skin can be impaired. The flow of perspiration itself is unaffected as a result, and in the ideal case only the microbial degradation of perspiration is temporarily stopped. Astringent combinations with substances having antimicrobial activity in one and the same composition are also customary. However, the disadvantages of the two classes of active ingredients cannot be completely eliminated by this route. Finally, body odor can also be masked by fragrances, a method that minimally meets the aesthetic requirements of the consumer. This is because the mixture of body odor and perfume aroma has a rather unpleasant odor. It goes without saying that most cosmetic deodorants, and also most cosmetics in their entirety, are perfumed, even if they contain deodorizing active ingredients. Scenting also helps to increase consumer acceptance of the cosmetic product or to give the product a certain make-up. However, the fragrance of cosmetic compositions containing active ingredients, especially cosmetic deodorants, is not a rare problem. This is because the active ingredients and the fragrance constituents can possibly react with one another and be mutually inert. Deodorants should meet the following conditions: 1) They should cause reliable deodorization. 2) The natural biological processes of the skin must not be impaired by the deodorant. 3) The deodorant must be harmless in case of overdose or other unintended use. 4) They should not become concentrated on the skin after repeated use. 5) They should be easy to incorporate into customary cosmetic preparations. Another object of the present invention was thus to develop a cosmetic deodorant which does not have the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, the deodorant should sufficiently protect the skin flora, but should selectively reduce the number of microorganisms responsible for body odor. It was a further object of the present invention to develop cosmetic deodorants that are distinguished by good skin tolerability. Active ingredients that deodorize under any circumstances should not become concentrated on the skin. Another aim is to develop the largest possible number of customary cosmetic auxiliaries and in particular cosmetic deodorants in harmony with additives with perfume constituents which are just as important in deodorizing or antiperspirant preparations Was to do. Yet another object of the present invention was to provide cosmetic deodorants whose action is active for a longer period of time without noticeable quenching, and especially for a period of at least half a day. Finally, one object of the present invention is not limited to one or several specific representative forms, but can be incorporated as universally as possible into the most diverse forms of cosmetic deodorants The aim was to develop a deodorizing cosmetic active ingredient. In contrast to bacteria, fungi (fungus = Latin), also called Mycota (MυκHσ = fungi in Greek) or fungal mycobionts, belong to eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells (eukaryotes) have a cell nucleus that is demarcated from the rest of the cytoplasm by a nuclear shell and nuclear membrane, in contrast to those of so-called prokaryotes (prokaryotes). . Cell nuclei contain genetic information stored in chromosomes. Representatives of fungal green condyles include, for example, yeast (Protoascomycetes), filamentous fungi (Plectomycetes), powdery mildew fungi (Pyrenomy cetes), and dew fungi (algal fungi). Phycomyetes) and toadstool (Basidiomycetes). The fungi encompassed by Basidiomycetes are not plant organisms, but they do have cell walls, vacuoles filled with cell fluid, and a protoplasmic flow that is readily visible under the microscope. They do not contain photosynthetic pigments and are carbon heterotrophic. They grow under aerobic conditions and gain energy by oxidation of organic matter. Some representatives, such as yeast, however, are any anaerobic organisms and are capable of gaining energy through the fermentation process. Dermatomycosis is a disease in which certain types of fungi, especially skin fungi, penetrate into the skin and hair follicles. Symptoms of dermatomycosis are, for example, small herpes, desquamation, cracks and erosions, usually accompanied by itching or allergic eczema. Dermatomycosis can be divided essentially into the following four groups: I.e., dermatophytosis (e.g., epidermophytosis, tinea, microsporidosis and tinea), yeast mycosis (e.g., cysticercosis and other fungal diseases caused by Pityrosporum, candida infections) , Blast mycosis, Busse-Buschke disease, yeast disease, white scabiness, trulopsis and scabies), filamentous fungal fungi (eg aspergillosis, cephalosporosis, phycomicosis and scoplariopsis) and systemic Sexual mycosis (eg, chromomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and histoplasmosis). Pathogenic and optionally pathogenic microorganisms include, for example, yeast, from the group of species of the genus Candida (eg Candida albicans) and from the family of the genus Pityrosporum. . Species of the genus Pityrosporum, in particular Pityrosporum ovale, remain responsible for skin disorders such as seborrhea in the form of tinea versicolor, oily seborrhea and forms of seborrhea dryum. ) Should be. These diseases manifest themselves in particular as head seborrhea (= dandruff), seborrheic-like eczema and pityrosporum folliculitis. The contribution of Pityrosporum ovale in the development of psoriasis has been discussed by experts. All areas of human skin can be affected by dermatomycosis. Dermatophytosis affects the skin, hair and nails almost exclusively. Yeast mycosis also affects mucous membranes and internal organs, while systemic mycosis usually spreads throughout the organ system. Areas of the body where water and heat can accumulate for clothing, jewelry or shoes are particularly often affected. Athlete's foot is thus one of the best known and most prevalent dermatomycosis. Fungal diseases of the nail and toenail areas (onychomycosis) are more particularly unpleasant. Co-infection of the skin with fungi and bacteria is also not uncommon. One or more often physiological pathogens, such as staphylococci, but often also non-physiological pathogens, such as Candida albicans, are new infections that have a high microbial count, such as primary infections existing in the skin, If present together with the normal bacterial population of and the adverse effects occur simultaneously, "superinfection" of the affected skin can occur. The normal flora of the skin (or other body organs) becomes almost completely overgrown here by secondary pathogens. If advantageous, such superinfections may manifest themselves in unpleasant skin symptoms (itching, unpleasant outer appearance) depending on the microorganism in question. If progressing inconveniently, however, they can lead to extensive skin destruction, and in the worst case, even death of the patient. Superinfections of the type described above are, for example, secondary diseases often present in the complete picture of AIDS. At low microbial densities, microbes that are harmless themselves in any case, but in some circumstances also are critically pathogenic, grow in this manner over healthy skin microbiota. Needless to say, other body organs are also affected by coinfections in AIDS cases. Such superinfections are also observed in a number of dermatological disorders such as atopic eczema, neurodermatitis, acne, seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis. Many medical and therapeutic measures such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy for neoplastic disease, drug-induced and side-effect-induced immunosuppression, or systemic antibiotic treatment, and external chemical or physical effects (Eg, environmental pollution, smog) also promote the occurrence of superinfections of external and internal organs, especially skin and mucous membranes. Although it is readily possible to combat superinfection with antibiotics in individual cases, such substances usually have the disadvantage of unpleasant side effects. For example, patients are often allergic to penicillin, and for this reason the corresponding treatment would be out of the question in such cases. Topically administered antibiotics furthermore have the disadvantage that they do not release the skin flora from secondary pathogens, but also seriously impair the skin flora, which is itself physiological. Again, the natural healing process is again delayed in this way. It is an object of the present invention to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide substances whose use can cure superinfections without a significant loss of the physiological skin microflora and formulations containing such substances. Was to do. Protozoa are parasites with well-defined cell nuclei that propagate sexually (by two or four divisions and budding) and also sexually (gametozygotes, gammon gummy and autologous) Is a single-celled organism that survives. Food uptake from the environment is by osmosis and by phagocytosis or phagocytosis. In addition to a growing, usually motile state (so-called vegetative individuals), under unfavorable circumstances, most protozoa can also form cysts as a permanent form. Protozoa are classified into four different groups according to their methods and organs for movement. (A) Flagellate subphylum (Mastigophra) (crawling by flagellum) (b) Carnivorous subphylum (Sarcodina) / Rhizopodea (Amoeboid movement pattern by protoplasmic process) (c) Spores Insecta (Sporozoea) (snake-like or gliding movement pattern) (d) Ciliata / Ciliophora (ciliate or flagella). In subtropical and tropical regions, parasitized protozoa are often transmitted by biting and sucking insects, but also by dust and dirt infection and the food chain. Some medically and dermatologically relevant protozoosis are caused by trichomoniasis (triggered by Trichomonas vaginalis), dysentery lamblia (Lamblia intestinalis). Visceral and visceral and cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis (e.g., Leishmania donovanii, Tropical Leishmania L.). Tropica (L. tropica), Brazilian Leishmania L. Brasiliensis (L. brasiliens is), Mexican Leishmania L. Mexicana (L. mexicana); Diffuser (L. diffusa) or Pifano Leishmania L. Piphanoi (L. pifano i)), trypanosomiasis (caused by various species of Tripanosoma), amoebic dysentery and amoebiasis (eg, various species of Entamoeba), iodomeba iodameba butoscriii (Iodamoeba) butchlii) or Naegleria fowleri), coccidiosis (due to Isospor a belli) and dysentery balantidia (caused by colonic Balantidium coli). The medical and dermatological phenomena caused by protozoosis often impair the satisfactory condition of humans. Thus, there is a great need to ameliorate this condition in affected humans. One object of the present invention was thus to find an active ingredient which is effective against protozoa. Parasites live on other organisms (= ectoparasites) or within (= endoparasites) at the expense of themselves, and have disease symptoms caused (= pathogenic parasites) or otherwise. No (nonpathogenic parasite), single or multicellular plant or animal. Ecology is either aprophytic or purely parasitic, perhaps only as a periodic, temporary or universal parasite. Parasite growth is associated with one or more different host organisms, and humans can be intermediate hosts or end hosts. Parasites of medical and dermatological significance are, for example, helminths, which are in turn subclassified into the class Trematoda, the class Cestoda and the phylum Nematoda. Helminthiasis that impairs human well-being include, for example, Schistosomiasis bilharz (caused by Schistosoma species), ectoparasites of the tapeworm of the small intestine and other internal organs (eg, Taenia) And Echinococcus species), ascariasis (caused by Ascaris lumbricoides), pinworm (caused by pinworm Enterobium vermicicularis), lung fluke (Eg, caused by Paragonium species), filariasis (eg, caused by the bancroft filamentous worm Buchereria bancroft i), and other nematode infestations (eg, Trichuris trichiris) Trichuris trichura or Trichinella trichinella spiralis). There are further numerous insect species and spiders that survive parasitically in humans and animals and cause medical and dermatological changes in the host organism. Parasitic diseases that are detrimental to human satisfaction in this regard include, for example, atopic dermatitis (caused by cereal mites, such as the pedicle mite Pediculoi des ventricosus), scabies (Scaroptosis sarcoptosis) Infestation of flies and / or fly larvae (e.g., caused by Sarcoptis scabiei) (e.g., Glossina, Stomoxis, Tabanus, Chrysops, Chrysops). Outside of the mosquitoes and / or mosquito larvae (caused by species of the genus Lucilia), Chrysomyia, Cochliomyia, Cochliomyia, Wohlfartia, Coldylobia or Dermatobia) Parasitism (eg Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, Phlebotoms, Culicoides, caused by species of Smilium or Haemagoges, tick infestations (e.g., Argas persicus and other genus Acarina) (Argas) species, Ornithodoros e rraticus and other species of the genus Ornithodoros, as well as Orobius, Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor, and Haemaphysalis. ), Caused by species of the genus Amblyomma and Ixodes), infection by a species of the genus Porocephalus (caused by species of the genus Porocephalus), flea infestation (eg, the human flea plexiritus (Pulex) irritans) and the dog flea Ctenocephalides canis (C tenocep halides canis), Indonesian flea Xenopsila cheopis, European hornworm Nosopsillus fasciatus, or sarcophaga Sarcopsylla penetrans (Sarcopsylla penet rans), lice infestation of lice (P. s. ), P. pediculus humans or Pediculus capitis, and parasitoids of bed bugs (e.g., bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, Cimex hemipterus, Pimex hemipterus) megistus), Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma dimid iata, Triatoma infestans, Caused by Riatoma sordida or Triatoma brasiliensis), and tick infestation (e.g., Demodex mite Demodex folliculorum and other Demodex species, and by chicken mite) Species of the genus (Dermanyssus), Glyciphagus domesticus, species of the genus Pye moptes, caused by species of the genus Sarcoptes or species of the genus Trombicula. Parasites that survive on or within human organisms, in turn, are once again responsible for the host organisms, such as bacteria, Mycota, protozoa and viruses that can sustain and impair the health and satisfaction of humans. The possibility of being a carrier is additionally important here. Therefore, there is a need to find active ingredients that are effective against parasitosis and can improve medical or dermatological symptoms. It was therefore a further object of the present invention to meet this need. In contrast to prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, a virus (virus = Latin for poison) is a biological structure that requires host cells for biosynthesis. Extracellular viruses (also called "virions") are protein envelopes (envelopes) that contain single- or double-stranded nucleic acid sequences (DNA or RNA) and possibly additional lipids (envelopes). (Called capsid). The overall structure of the nucleic acid and the capsid is also called the nucleocapsid. The classification of viruses is customarily based on clinical criteria, but nowadays usually usually by their structure, their morphology, and especially by their nucleic acid sequence. Kinds of medically important viruses include, for example, influenza virus (family of Orthomyxoviridae), lyssavirus (eg, rabies, rapdovirus family), enterovirus (eg, hepatitis A virus, Picornaviridae (Picornaviridae). ) And hepadnaviruses (e.g., hepatitis B virus, family of the hepadnaviridae family). Virucidal agents or substances that destroy viruses are not present in the practical sense. Because viruses do not have their own metabolism. For this reason, it has also been debated whether viruses should be classified as organisms. Pharmacological intervention without damage to unaffected cells is difficult anyway. A possible mechanism of action in the fight against viruses is primarily the disruption of their replication, for example by inhibiting enzymes present in host cells that are important for replication. Release of the viral nucleic acid into the host cell can be further prevented. In the context of the disclosure herein deposited, terms such as "antiviral" or "active against virus", "viricidal" and the like, whether prophylactic or therapeutic, In some cases, irrespective of the actual mechanism of action of the substance, it is understood to mean the property of the substance that protects a single or multicellular organism from the deleterious consequences of a viral infection. However, the prior art has a deficiency of the material that is active against the virus and that does not cause damage or an acceptable degree of damage to the host organism. One object of the present invention is thus to remedy this inadequate situation, i.e., whether prophylactically or therapeutically, from the deleterious consequences of viral infections to single or multicellular organisms. Was to find a substance that effectively protected the The above objective is also achieved by the active ingredients according to the invention and the preparations obtained therefrom. The active ingredients according to the invention are outstandingly suitable for the treatment of the situations and diseases mentioned. Adhesion to the surface of all microorganisms, parasites and protozoa can be reduced or avoided with the active ingredients according to the invention and the formulations containing them. This is true, for example, for bacteria, and especially for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, fungi, dermatophytes, viruses, viroids and prions. In particular, for example, the following microorganisms, parasites and protozoa, and the disruptions and diseases caused by them, can be treated particularly well, especially topically, according to the invention. 1. Examples of Gram-positive bacteria: optionally pathogenic and pathogenic Micrococcaceae, especially Staphylococcus epidermidis, for example, Staphylococcus epidermidis with the development of axillary odor and with atopic eczema, and Staphylococcus aureus, for example, as an important pathogen with atopic eczema and with neurodermatitis and psoriasis, e.g. species of the genus Corynebacterium with the development of axillary odor, e.g. Species of the genus Propionibacterium with acne development and with dirty skin. 2. Examples of Gram-negative bacteria include: Escherichia coli, eg, with ulcerative colitis, eg, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas), with, eg, co-infection of open wounds with intraperitoneal and cystic fibrosis. aeruginosa), for example Enterococcaceae with gastrointestinal infections. The active ingredient can be used irrigation and orally. 3. As yeast examples: Pityrosporum ovale with AIDS and related diseases, e.g., causing dandruff and e.g., tinea versicolor, pilothrophoric folliculitis, seborrheic eczema, psoriasis, cutaneous and systemic mycosis, e.g. Candida albicans (Candida albicans) is the cause of cutaneous candidiasis. The active ingredients can be administered topically, parenterally and also orally. Intravascular administration such as, for example, infusion or infusion is preferred. 4. Examples of fungi include: Species of the genus Mucor, which is responsible for fungal mycosis and eagle acne, for example, Aspergillus nigar, which is responsible for cutaneous aspergillosis, and Cryptococcus neos, for example, with cryptococcosis Formance (Cryptococcus neoformans). The active ingredient can be administered as described for "yeast". 5. Examples of dermatophytes: For example, dermatophytes are responsible for the development of athlete's foot. The active ingredient can be administered as described for "yeast". 6. Examples of viruses include: herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus (herpes zoster), Epstein-Barr virus (Pfeiffer's gland fever), cytomegalovirus, wart virus and papillomavirus, and other known viruses. Virus. The active ingredient can be administered as described for "yeast". Protozoa are parasites with well-defined cell nuclei that propagate sexually (by division and budding into two or four) and also sexually (gametozygous, gammon gummy and autologous) It is a sexually living unicellular organism. Food uptake from the environment is by osmosis and by phagocytosis or phagocytosis. In addition to a growing, usually motile state (so-called vegetative type), under unfavorable circumstances most protozoa can also form cysts as a permanent form. Protozoa are classified into four different groups according to their methods and organs for movement. (A) Flagellate subphylum (Mastigophra) (crawling by flagellum) (b) Carnivorous subphylum (Sarcodina) / Rhizopodea (Amoeboid movement pattern by protoplasmic process) (c) Spores Insecta (Sporozoea) (snake-like or gliding movement pattern) (d) Ciliata / Ciliophora (ciliate or flagella). In subtropical and tropical areas, parasitized protozoa are often transmitted by biting and sucking insects, but also by dust and dirt infection and the food chain. Some medically and dermatologically related protozoosis are caused by trichomoniasis (triggered by Trichomonas vaginalis), dysentery lamellae (Lamblia intestinalis). Visceral, visceral and cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis (eg, Donovan leishmania leishmania donovanii, tropical leishmania L.). Tropica (L. tropica), Brazilian Leishmania L. Brasiliensis (L. brasiliensis), Mexican Leishmania L. Mexicana (L. mexicana); Diffuser (L. diffusa) or Pifano Leishmania L. Piphanoi (L. pifanoi), trypanosomiasis (caused by various Trypanosoma species), amoebic dysentery and amoebiasis (eg, various species of Entamoeba), iodomoeba iodameba butschulii (Ioda moeba butschlii) ) Or Neggleria fowleri), coccidiosis (due to Isospora belli) and dysentery balantidia (caused by Balticdium Balantidium coli). The medical and dermatological phenomena caused by protozoosis often impair the satisfactory condition of humans. Thus, there is a great need to ameliorate this condition in affected humans. One object of the present invention was thus to find an active ingredient which is effective against protozoa. Parasites live on other organisms (= ectoparasites) or within (= endoparasites) at the expense of themselves, and have disease symptoms caused (= pathogenic parasites) or not among others (Non-pathogenic parasites), unicellular or multicellular plants or animals. Ecology, perhaps only as a periodic, temporary or universal parasite, is either aprophytic or purely parasitic. Parasite growth is associated with one or more different host organisms, and humans can be intermediate hosts or end hosts. Parasites of medical and dermatological significance are, for example, helminths, which in turn are subclassified into Trematoda, Cestoda and Nematoda. Helminthiasis that impairs human well-being include, for example, Schistosomiasis bilharz (caused by Schistosoma species), ectoparasites of the tapeworm of the small intestine and other internal organs (eg, Taenia) , And Echinococcus species), ascariasis (caused by Ascaris lumbricoides), pinworm (caused by pinworm Enterobium vermicicularis), lung fluke (Eg, caused by species of Paragonium), filariasis (eg, caused by the bancroft filamentous worm Buchereria bancrofti), and other nematode infestations (eg, Trichuris trichuris trichium) (Trichuris trichura) or Trichinella sp. ralis)). There are further numerous insect species and spiders that survive parasitically in humans and animals and cause medical and dermatological changes in the host organism. Parasitic diseases that are detrimental to human satisfaction in this regard include, for example, atopic dermatitis (caused by cereal mites, such as the pedicle mite Pediculoi des ventricosus), scabies (Scaroptosis sarcoptosis) Infestation of flies and / or fly larvae (e.g., caused by Sarcoptis scabiei) (e.g., Glossina, Stom oxys, Tabanus, Chrysops, Chrysops) Outside of the mosquitoes and / or mosquito larvae (caused by species of the genus Lucilia), Chrysomyia, Cochliomyia, Cochliomyia, Wohlfartia, Coldylobia or Dermatobia) Parasitism (eg, Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, Phlebotoms, Culicoides, Sumilium or Haemagoges caused by species, tick infestations (e.g. Argas persicu s) and other Nagatic spider mites (Argas) species, Ornith odoros erraticus and other species of the genus Ornithodoros, as well as Orobius, Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor, and Haemaphysalis. (Caused by Amblyomma) and species of the genus Ix odes), infection by one species of the genus Porocephalus (caused by a species of the genus Porocephalus), infestation of fleas (eg, the human flea plexiritant (Pulex) irritans) and the dog flea Ctenocephalides canis (Ctenocepha) lides canis), Xenopsylamine cheopis (Xenopsylla cheopis), European Nesminino minosopsils fasciatus (Nosopsyllus fasciatus) or Sunomi Sarcopsylla penetrans (Sarcopsylla penetrans); Pthirus pubis), Aesculus pediculum (Pediculus humans) or caused by Pediculus capitis), bed bug infestations (e.g., bedbugs, Cimex lectularius, Cimex hemipters, Cimex hemiptrus) Megistus (Panstrongylus megistus), Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma dimidiata, Triatoma infestans, bird Caused by Triatoma sordida or Triatoma brasiliensis), and tick infestations (e.g., Demodex mites Dedexx folliculorum and other species of the genus Demodex) (Dermanyssu species), Glyciphagus domesticus, Pyemoptes species, Sarcoptes species or Trombicula species). Parasites that survive on or within human organisms, in turn, are once again responsible for the host organisms, such as bacteria, Mycota, protozoa and viruses that can sustain and impair the health and satisfaction of humans. The possibility of being a carrier is additionally important here. Therefore, there is a need to find active ingredients that are effective against parasitosis and can improve medical or dermatological symptoms. It was therefore a further object of the present invention to meet this need. This object has been achieved by the present invention. The active ingredients and preparations according to the invention are suitable for the treatment of parasitosis and protozoosis, especially for the treatment of disorders and disorders. The active ingredient may be used topically, transdermally, transdermally, parenterally, orally, or otherwise intravascularly. The preparations containing the active ingredients according to the invention can be in the form of topical preparations, for example cosmetic and dermatological topical preparations, or also in the form of customary drugs. Deodorants or deodorizing body cleansing or body care products are preferred. However, disinfectants and / or cleansing compositions intended for the cleansing and disinfecting of hard surfaces, medical materials, devices, appliances, furniture and walls as well as the treatment of the body or the skin, may also contain the active ingredients. Cleansing, disinfecting and rinsing compositions directed to the body may also be used in the treatment of the skin, such as a topical formulation. However, they are preferably used for the treatment of body cavities, wounds and also oral vestibular and pharyngeal cavities and the nose. The active ingredients according to the invention can be mixed with customary pharmaceutically tolerable diluents or carriers and, if appropriate, other auxiliary substances and can be administered, for example orally or parenterally. They are preferably granules, capsules, pills, tablets, film-coated tablets, dragees, syrups, emulsions, suspensions, dispersions, aerosols and solutions, and orally in liquid form, or else suppositories Or they can be administered parenterally as vaginal beads or in the form of, for example, solutions, emulsions or suspensions. Preparations to be administered orally can include one or more additives such as sweetening, flavoring, coloring and preservative agents. Tablets enhance the disintegration of the tablets upon oral administration, such as customary pharmaceutically tolerable auxiliary substances such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose and inert diluents such as lactose and talc, and starch or alginic acid. Active ingredients mixed with active ingredients, binders such as starch or gelatin, and lubricants such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid and talc. Suitable carriers are, for example, lactose, gelatin, corn starch, stearic acid, ethanol, propylene glycol, ethers of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and water. The formulations are prepared, for example, by extending the active ingredient with solvents and / or carriers, if appropriate using emulsifiers and / or dispersants. Also, if, for example, water is used as the diluent, a suitable formulation may be prepared. In that case, organic solvents can be used as auxiliary solvents. The formulations are administered in the customary manner, preferably orally or parenterally, in particular perlingually or intravenously. For oral use, tablets as well as the carriers mentioned, and excipients such as sodium citrate, calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate can be added to various types of starch, preferably potato starch, gelatin and the like. Together with other additional substances. Lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate and talc can further be co-used for tableting. In the case of aqueous suspensions and / or elixirs intended for buccal application, various taste improvers or coloring agents may be added to the active ingredient in addition to the auxiliary substances mentioned above. For parenteral use, solutions of the active ingredient may be employed with a suitable liquid carrier material. Capsules may contain the active ingredient as the sole constituent or with a solid diluent such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin. Injectable preparations are likewise formulated in a manner known per se. Pharmaceutical preparations contain 0,0 active ingredients. It may be contained in an amount of 1 to 90% by weight, especially 1 to 90% by weight. Capsules are particularly preferred. The individual dose is preferably 0. It contains the active ingredient in an amount of 1 to 10 g. The cosmetic and / or dermatological preparations according to the invention can have customary compositions and are used for the treatment of skin and / or hair in the context of treatment in the context of dermatological treatments or care cosmetics. obtain. However, they can also be employed in make-up products in decorative cosmetics or in cosmetic and dermatological cleansing products. For use, the cosmetic and / or dermatological preparations according to the invention are applied in sufficient amounts to the skin and / or the hair in the manner customary for cosmetic and dermatological agents. . Cosmetic and dermatological formulations in the form of sunscreen compositions are also advantageous. They advantageously additionally comprise at least one UVA filter and / or at least one UVB filter and / or at least one inorganic dye. The addition of UVA and UVB filters or dyes is also suitable for stabilizing the formulation. The formulation according to the present invention may more preferably also comprise a substance that absorbs UV radiation in the UVB range, the total amount of filter substance being provided in order to provide a cosmetic formulation that protects the skin from the whole range of UV radiation. Based on the total weight of 1% to 30% by weight, preferably 0. It is 5 to 10% by weight, especially 1 to 6% by weight. They can also be used as sunscreen compositions. The UVB filter can be fat-soluble or water-soluble. Fat-soluble substances which may be mentioned are, for example: 3-benzylidene camphor and its derivatives, for example 3- (4-methylbenzylidene) camphor; 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably 4- (dimethylamino) benzoic acid 2- Ethylhexyl and amyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate; cinnamate, preferably 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate and isopentyl 4-methoxycinnamate; salicylate, preferably 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, 4-isopropyl salicylate Benzyl and homomenthyl salicylate, benzophenone derivatives, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, benzalmalonic acid Ter, preferably di (2-ethylhexyl) 4-methoxybenzalmalonate, 2,4,6-trianilino (p-carbo-2'-ethyl-1'-hexyloxy) -1,3,5-triazine ,. Advantageous water-soluble substances are: 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and its salts, for example sodium, potassium, triethanolammonium salts, sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenone, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone- 5-sulfonic acid and its salts, for example, 4- (2-oxo-3-bornylidenemethyl) benzenesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bornylidenemethyl) benzenesulfonic acid And sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidenecamphor, such as and salts thereof. The list of listed UVB filters that can be used according to the invention is of course not intended to be limiting. In the preparations according to the invention, it may also be advantageous to employ UVA filters which are usually contained in cosmetic and / or dermatological preparations. Such materials are preferably dibenzoylmethane derivatives, especially 1- (4'-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione and 1-phenyl-3- (4 '-Isopropylphenyl) propane-1,3-dione. The present invention also relates to formulations containing these combinations. The same amount of UVA filter substance as mentioned for the UVB filter substance can be used. The cosmetic and / or dermatological preparations according to the invention may also contain inorganic pigments commonly used in cosmetics for protection of the skin from UV light. These are oxides of titanium, zinc, iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminum and cerium and mixtures thereof, and modifications where the oxide is the active substance. The dyes are particularly preferably based on titanium dioxide. The amounts mentioned for the above combinations may be used. The cosmetic and dermatological preparations according to the invention, including for example those for the protection of the skin from UV light, can be present in various forms, for example, as is usually employed for this type of preparation. They are thus, for example, solutions, water-in-oil (W / O 2) or oil-in-water (O / W) emulsions, or, for example, water-in-oil-in-water (W / O / W) emulsions, Gels, aqueous dispersions, solid sticks or otherwise aerosols. The cosmetic preparations according to the invention are cosmetic auxiliary substances usually used in such preparations, such as preservatives, bactericides, antioxidants, fragrances, active substances for preventing foaming, dyes, pigments having a coloring action. Thickeners, surfactants, emulsifiers, softeners, humidifiers and / or moisteners, fats, oils, waxes or alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, polymers, foam stabilizers, electrolytes, organic solvents or silicone derivatives And other customary compositions of cosmetic preparations such as When the cosmetic or dermatological preparation is a solution or lotion, the solvents which can be used are: water or an aqueous solution, an oil such as capric or caprylic triglycerides, but preferably castor oil, a fat Esters of waxes and other naturally occurring and synthetic fatty substances, preferably fatty acids, with low carbon atom alcohols, for example with isopropanol, propylene glycol or glycerol, or low carbon atom alkanoic acids of fatty alcohols Esters with or with fatty acids, alcohols, diols or polyhydric alcohols with low carbon atoms and their ethers, preferably also ethanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, monoethyl of ethylene glycol Ku is monobutyl ether, monomethyl propylene glycol, monoethyl or monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether and analogous products, it is. Mixtures of the abovementioned solvents are used in particular. Water is an alcoholic solvent and can be a further constituent. Advantageous antioxidants which can be used according to the invention are all antioxidants which are suitable or customary for cosmetic and / or dermatological applications. The antioxidant is advantageously an amino acid (eg glycine, histidine, tyrosine and tryptophan) and derivatives thereof, imidazole (eg urocanic acid) and derivatives thereof, D, L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine. Such peptides and their derivatives (eg anserine), carotenoids, carotenes (eg α-carotene, β-carotene and lycopene) and their derivatives, lipoic acid and its derivatives (eg dihydrolipoic acid), gold thioglucose, propylthiouracil And other thiols such as thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, gamma- Rails, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters) and their salts, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and its derivatives (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) and very Low tolerable doses (eg, pmol to μmol / kg) of sulfoximine compounds (eg, buthionine sulfoximine, homocysteine sulfoximine, buthionine sulfone, and penta-, hexa- and hepta-thionine sulfoximine), and also (Metal) chelating agents (eg, α-hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, and lactoferrin), α-hydroxy acids (eg, citric acid, lactic acid, and malic acid), humic acid, bile acids, bile extracts, bilyl Bottles, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and derivatives thereof, unsaturated fatty acids and derivatives thereof (eg, γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid), folic acid and derivatives thereof, ubiquinone and ubiquinol and derivatives thereof, vitamin C and derivatives (Eg, ascorbic acid palmitate, magnesium ascorbate phosphate and ascorbic acid acetate), tocopherol and derivatives (eg, vitamin E acetate), vitamin A and derivatives (vitamin A palmitate) and the benzoin resins coniferyl benzoate, rutinic acid and Derivatives, ferulic acid and its derivatives, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiac fatty acid, nordihydroguaiaretinic acid, trihydroxybutyrov Enone, uric acid and its derivatives, mannose and its derivatives, zinc and its derivatives (eg ZnO and ZnSO _Four ), Selenium and its derivatives (eg, selenium methionine), stilbene and its derivatives (eg, stilbene oxide and trans-stilbene oxide) and the derivatives (salts, esters, ethers, sugars, nucleotides, etc.) of these active ingredients which are more suitable according to the invention Nucleosides, peptides and lipids). The amount of antioxidant (one or more compounds) in the formulation is preferably from 0.001 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.05 to 20% by weight, especially from 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation %. If the vitamin E and / or its derivative is the antioxidant (s), its individual concentration is advantageously chosen in the range from 0.001 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation. If vitamin A or a vitamin A derivative or carotene or a derivative thereof is an antioxidant (s), its individual concentration is selected from the range of 0.001 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation. Is advantageous. The emulsions according to the invention are advantageous and comprise, for example, fats, oils, waxes and other fatty substances mentioned, as well as water and emulsifiers as usually used in such types of emulsions. Gels according to the invention usually comprise a low carbon alcohol, such as ethanol, isopropanol, 1,2-propanediol, glycerol, and water, or an oil as described above, in the presence of one thickening agent. The thickening agent is preferably an oil-alcoholic gel, silicon dioxide or aluminum silicate, and a water-alcoholic or alcoholic gel is preferably a polyacrylate. The solid sticks according to the invention comprise, for example, naturally occurring or synthetic waxes, fatty alcohols or fatty acid esters. Lip care sticks and deodorizing sticks ("deo sticks") are preferred. Suitable propellants for cosmetic or dermatological preparations according to the invention, which can be propelled from aerosol containers, are readily volatile, liquefied customary propellants, for example hydrocarbons (propane, butane, isobutane). . These can be employed alone or as a mixture with one another. Compressed air can also be used to advantage. Professionals, of course, propellant gases, especially fluorohydrocarbons, which are themselves non-toxic and which are in principle suitable for the present invention, but which are nevertheless to be eliminated by unacceptable effects on the environment or other incidental circumstances And the presence of chlorofluorohydrocarbons (CFCs). The formulation according to the invention further preferably comprises a substance which absorbs UV radiation in the UVB range, the total amount of filter substance being reduced by the total weight of the formulation in order to provide a cosmetic formulation which protects the skin from the whole range of UV radiation. %, For example from 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight, especially from 1 to 6% by weight. They can also be used as sunscreen compositions. The cosmetic preparations according to the invention may also contain inorganic pigments commonly used in cosmetics for protection of the skin from UV light. These are oxides of titanium, zinc, iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminum and cerium and mixtures thereof, and modifications where the oxide is the active substance. The dyes are particularly preferably based on titanium dioxide. Cosmetic preparations for hair care include, for example, shampoo compositions, preparations used before or after shampooing, before or after permanent waving, or when washing hair before or after coloring or bleaching of hair, Formulations for drying or setting with a dryer, formulations for coloring or bleaching, styling and treatment lotions, hair liquids or permanent wave compositions. Cosmetic preparations comprise the active ingredients and auxiliary substances usually used in this type of preparation for hair care and hair treatment. Auxiliary substances used are preservatives, surfactants, antifoaming substances, emulsifiers, thickeners, fats, oils, waxes, organic solvents, bactericides, fragrances, dyes or pigments and their functions Is to color the hair or the formulation itself, and the electrolytes and the formulation prevent the hair from becoming greasy. The cosmetic preparation, which is a shampoo composition or a washing, showering or bathing preparation, preferably comprises at least one anionic, nonionic or amphoteric surfactant or a mixture thereof, the book in an aqueous solvent. It comprises at least one ethoxylated or propoxylated organic compound according to the invention and auxiliary substances as usually used for this purpose. The surfactant may be present in the shampoo composition or the washing, showering or bathing formulation at a concentration between 1% and 50% by weight. When the cosmetic or dermatological preparation is in the form of a lotion to be washed off and used, for example, before or after bleaching, before or after shampooing, between two shampooing stages or before or after permanent waving. It is, for example, an aqueous or water-alcoholic solution containing a surfactant, if appropriate, preferably a nonionic or cationic surfactant. The concentration of the surfactant may be between 0.1 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.2 and 5% by weight. The cosmetic or dermatological preparation can also be an aerosol with auxiliary substances usually used for this purpose. Cosmetic preparations in the form of unwashed lotions, especially lotions for setting the hair, lotions used for drying the hair with a dryer or lotions for styling and treatment, are generally aqueous, alcoholic or water-alcoholic. And at least one cationic, anionic, nonionic or amphoteric polymer, or a mixture thereof. Cosmetic and dermatological preparations for hair treatment and care can be in the form of emulsions of the nonionic or anionic type. Nonionic emulsions comprise, in addition to water, oils or fatty alcohols which can be, for example, polyethoxylated or polypropoxylated, or which can also be a mixture of two organic components. Where appropriate, these emulsions contain a cationic surfactant. The anionic emulsion is preferably of the soap type and comprises at least one ethoxylated or propoxylated organic compound according to the invention having anionic or nonionic character. Including. Cosmetic and dermatological preparations for hair treatment and care comprise, in addition to at least one alkylated hydroquinone according to the invention and the solvents usually used for this purpose, an organic thickener, For example, gum arabic, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, cellulose derivatives, preferably methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, or inorganic thickeners, for example, aluminum silicates such as bentonite, or polyethylene glycol And mixtures of polyethylene glycol stearate or polyethylene glycol distearate. The gel contains a thickener, for example in an amount between 0.1 and 30% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 15% by weight. Unless stated otherwise, quantity data, percent data and parts relate to weight, especially the total weight of the particular mixture or formulation. The present invention also relates to the use of the active ingredient according to the invention for the preparation of a pharmaceutical preparation, especially a pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of the disorders or diseases mentioned. The following examples are intended to illustrate aspects of the present invention. The use of the active ingredient according to the invention for the preparation of a pharmaceutical formulation for the preparation of the active ingredient. The following examples are intended to illustrate aspects of the present invention. Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Example 11 Shower preparation with re-oiling agent Example 12 Example 13 Example 14 Example 15 Example 16 Example 17 Example 18 Example 19 Example 20 Example 21 Example 22 The liquid phase obtained by mixing together the specific constituents is transferred to the aerosol container in a ratio of 39:61 together with the propane-butane mixture (2: 7). Example 23 Example 24 Example 25 Example 26 Example 27 Preparation of Capsule Capsules containing the components shown below are prepared by known methods. They are suitable for the above-mentioned treatments, in each case in a dose of one capsule one or several times a day: 0.5 g of inulin 0.5 g of hydroxyethylcellulose The numerical data of the above examples are in% by weight. Example 28 The liquid phase obtained by mixing together the specific constituents is transferred to the aerosol container in a ratio of 39:61 together with the propane-butane mixture (2: 7). Example 29 The numerical data of this example are% by weight. The active ingredients according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in microemulsions. The cosmetic and dermatological preparations according to the invention are particularly advantageously: a) not thickened; b) conventionally thickened, for example by the addition of polyoxamers, pluronics, carrageenans or vegetable gums; c) A -B-A triblock copolymers (eg PEG 150 distearate, Akzo Nobel) or thickened by the addition of α, ω-bis-polyethoxylated silanes or silicones. D) Star polymers (eg PEG 300 -Enriched by the addition of -pentaerythrityl tetrastearate or hydrophobically modified tetrakispolyethoxylated silanes and silicones) e) ABAB multiblock copolymers, starburst polymers, dendrimers and others Supramolecular crosslinking agents (eg Rheodol TWIS 399, Is concentrated by the addition of A O or PEG 120- dioleate methyl glucose), oil-in-water (O / W), it can be used as a double continuous (bicontinuous) or water-in-oil (W / O) microemulsions. Example 30 1,3-Di (2-ethylhexyl) cyclohexane 35 Plantarene 1200 10 Sorbitan monolaurate 10 Water (add citric acid to pH 5.5) 45 Example 31 1,3-Di (2-ethylhexyl) cyclohexane 33 Plantarene 1200 10 Sorbitan monolaurate 10 Water (add citric acid to pH 5.5) 45 PEG distearate 150 2 Example 32 Steareth-15 4.8 Glycerol monostearate 2.4 Plantalen 1200 2.5 Cyclomethicone 3.3 Cetearyl octanate 1.7 Water 85.3 Example 33 Steareth-15 4.8 Glycerol monostearate 2.4 Plantarene 1200 2.5 Cyclomethicone 3.3 Cetearyl octoate 1.7 Water 83.3 PEG distearate 150 2.0

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI C07H 3/02 C07H 3/02 3/04 3/04 5/04 5/04 11/04 11/04 15/02 15/02 (72) Inventor Borf, Florian Federal Republic of Germany Day-20251 Hamburg Husmerciutlasse 2

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Carbohydrate as active ingredient with anti-adhesion to microorganisms, parasites and protozoa A compound or several compounds from the group consisting of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivatives Use of things. 2. Carbohydrate as active ingredient with anti-adhesion to microorganisms, parasites and protozoa A compound or several compounds from the group consisting of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivatives Use of a product as a component of a formulation. 3. Carbohydrates with anti-adhesive action against microorganisms, parasites and protozoa or A certain amount of one or several compounds from the group consisting of carbohydrate derivatives Formulation having. 4. That the carbohydrate is a sugar, a substituted sugar or a compound containing a sugar residue. The formulation and use of claims 1-3, characterized by the features. 5. Carbohydrates are monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, amino sugars, sugar esters, sugar ethers, Claims: It is a sugar ethoxylate, sugar lipid or polysaccharide. Formulations and uses of 1-3. 6. The preparation according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that they are topical preparations. . 7. Use of the active ingredient of claim 1 as an active ingredient in a deodorant.