JPH1090609A - Surgical microscope - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Problem] To provide an input operation of an electric mechanism provided in a surgical microscope without using a limb by natural movement of a face.
An object of the present invention is to provide a surgical microscope that can be easily and easily performed without erroneous operation. The present invention relates to a surgical microscope having a mirror body, a binocular observation lens barrel, a motorized mechanism, and an input device for inputting an operation of the motorized mechanism, wherein the input device has a fulcrum at one point. An operation shaft 16 that tilts and moves is provided.
The operation point G of No. 6 is arranged at a position substantially opposite to the left and right eye points F and F ′ of the binocular observation lens barrel 10 and opposed to the forehead of the operator, and the operation point G and the fulcrum H Are set substantially parallel to the optical axes E and E ′ from the eyepieces 11 and 12 of the binocular observation lens barrel 10 to the eyes of the operator, and the input operation is performed by natural movement of the face. It was done.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a motor-operated mechanism for performing operations such as visual field movement, zooming, focusing, and image switching, and a surgical microscope provided with an operation input device for inputting the electric mechanism.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in microsurgery and the like, when performing a fine and complicated operation, a surgical microscope for performing a treatment while observing an operation part on an enlarged scale has been widely used. When performing an operation while observing the operation part with this surgical microscope, the surgeon looks into the eyepiece part of the binocular observation lens barrel, for example, holding an ultrasonic suction device in one hand and tweezers with the other hand. Often handles surgical instruments. On the other hand, it is necessary to perform an input operation to a mirror moving mechanism for moving the mirror to change the field of view. This input operation is desirably performed by the operator without releasing his / her hand from the operation in the operation section. Therefore, a foot switch has been mainly used for the input operation of the surgical microscope.

However, in recent years, as surgical techniques have become more sophisticated, the functions of surgical microscopes have also become multifunctional and complicated, and the number of switches to be provided in a foot switch has also increased. Accordingly, the operator must interrupt the operation in order to visually confirm the position of the switch provided on the foot switch for the purpose of preventing erroneous operation, and the operation efficiency is reduced.

Therefore, a microscope for ophthalmic surgery disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-168100 has been proposed as a device for performing an input operation without using hands or feet. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-168
FIG. 27 shows a schematic configuration of the microscope for ophthalmologic surgery disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 100. In the left and right eyepieces 181a of the binocular observation lens barrel 180, one operation switch 182a and one operation switch 183 are provided at upper, lower, left and right positions opposite to the eyes of the operator.
a, 184a, 185a are arranged, and the right eyepiece 18
1b, the operation switches 182b, 183
b, 184b and 185b are arranged respectively.

FIG. 28 (a) shows an operator's observation state. At this time, for example, when operating the upper and lower switches 182a and 183a of the left eyepiece 181a, the operator's face 156 is displayed. The operation input is performed by selecting the operation point λ, which is the upper part of the eye, and the operation point μ, which is the lower part, and individually pressing them against the operation switches 182a and 183a. The line connecting the operation point λ and the operation point μ is substantially parallel to the line connecting the operation switch 182a and the operation switch 183a.

[0006]

By the way, during the operation, the mirror of the surgical microscope is frequently moved right and left and up and down. For this reason, the surgeon changes the tilt angle of the binocular observation lens barrel 150 moved together with the mirror body to an easily observable angle.
It is difficult to make the angle of the face 6 constant, and the angle of the face 186 with respect to the binocular observation lens barrel 150 changes to some extent. An example of this state is shown in FIG. FIG. 28 (b)
The angle between the line connecting the operation switch 182a and the operation switch 183a and the line connecting the operation point λ and the operation point μ form an angle θ.

In such a situation, the operation switch 182a
When the face 186 is moved forward to push the operation point λ of the face 186 forward to operate the operation point, the operation point μ also moves forward, and the operation point λ is moved before the operation switch 182a is pressed. The operation switch 183a is pressed by μ, resulting in erroneous operation. To avoid this, it is necessary to push the operating point λ forward while pulling the chin toward you. The movement of the surgeon is different from the natural movement of the face, such as looking up, nodding, or shaking the head left and right, as the movement of the face around a certain point on the neck is a very unnatural movement on the face. However, it is very difficult for the operator to operate the device, which causes fatigue.

Next, left and right operation switches 184
In the case of inputting operations of a, 185a, 184b, and 185b, as shown in FIG. 29, the operation point ν on the left side of the operator's face 186, the operation point π on the right side, and the operation point ρ on the left side of the right eye , The right operation point τ is pressed against the corresponding operation switches 184a, 185a, 184b, 185b, respectively, to perform different operation inputs.

In this case, in order to operate the operation switch 185a, if the face 186 is tilted or pushed forward to push the operating point π forward, one or both of the operating point ν and the operating point ρ are moved forward. The operation switch 184a and the operation switch 184b are erroneously operated. Similarly, when operating the operation switch 184b, the operation switch 185a and the operation switch 18 are operated.
5b operates incorrectly. Therefore, when an operation switch is provided in a portion of the eyepiece that faces the operator's eye, it is very difficult to perform an operation input. In general, it is difficult to make a subtle movement around the eyes, it is very difficult to perform the operation of pressing a plurality of operation switches, and there is a drawback that considerable fatigue is caused.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and has as its object to perform input operation of an electric mechanism provided in a surgical microscope without using limbs. Another object of the present invention is to provide a surgical microscope that can be easily and easily operated by a natural movement of a face without erroneous operation.

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a surgical microscope having a lens body, a binocular observation lens barrel, an electric mechanism, and an input device for inputting an operation of the electric mechanism.
The input device includes an operating body that tilts and moves with one point as a fulcrum, and the operating point of the operating body is located at substantially the same distance from the left and right eye points of the binocular observation lens barrel and at a position facing the forehead of the operator. And a straight line connecting the operation point and the fulcrum is set substantially parallel to an optical axis from an eyepiece of the binocular observation lens barrel to an operator's eye, and an input operation is performed by natural movement of the face. It is something to do.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[First Embodiment] A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. (Structure) In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a mirror body of an operating microscope for magnifying and observing an affected part, and reference numeral 2 denotes a gantry supporting the mirror body 1. The operating microscope is composed of the mirror body 1 and the gantry 2.

Next, the structure of the gantry 2 will be described. The gantry 2 includes a base 3 mounted on the floor, a support 4 erected on the base 3, and a first arm 5 rotatably supported on the support 4 about a vertical axis A. And this first
A connection block 6 rotatably supported on a vertical axis B at the tip of the rotation of the arm 5.
A second arm 7 composed of a parallel link mechanism rotatably supported about a horizontal axis C, and a variable attitude supported rotatably about a vertical axis D at the tip of the rotation of the second arm 7 And an arm 8. The mirror body 1 is held by a posture variable arm 8. Further, a control circuit 9 for controlling a variable power motor 35 and a focusing motor 37, which will be described later, is provided inside the support 4.

Reference numeral 10 shown in FIG.
The binocular observation lens barrel 10 is attached to the lens body 1 in an optically connected state. The binocular observation barrel 10 includes an eyepiece 1
1, 12 are attached. The eyepieces 11 and 12
Is optically connected to the binocular observation lens barrel 10. Here, the left and right optical axes from the eyepieces 11 and 12 to the eyes of the operator are eyepiece optical axes E and E ', respectively, and the eye points on the eyepiece optical axes E and E' are F and F ', respectively. I do.
Here, the binocular observation lens barrel 10 has an observation pupil diameter d, and one of X +, X-, Y +, and Y directions shown in FIG. 2 is defined as a right direction, a left direction, an upward direction, and a downward direction, respectively.

An input device 13 is provided on the upper surface of the binocular observation lens barrel 10. Next, the configuration of the input device 13 will be described. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the input device 13 as viewed from the direction of arrow II in FIG. The input device 13 includes a housing 14, which is formed in a hook shape bent at a right angle so as to contact both the rear surface and the upper surface of the binocular observation lens barrel 10, as shown in FIG. And
A hole 15 is formed in a front wall of a front portion of the housing 14 located on the upper surface of the binocular observation lens barrel 10. This hole 1
An operation body described later penetrates 5.

The operating body here comprises a rod-shaped operating shaft 16, and the operating shaft 16 has a rear end portion 16b bent downward at a right angle to an intermediate portion 16a.
On the other hand, the front end 16c is bent obliquely forward and downward. Further, the middle portion 16 is provided at the foremost portion of the front end portion 16c.
A front end 16d is formed to project forward in parallel with a.

The inner end of the rear end 16b of the operation shaft 16 forms a spherical part 17 which is spherical. Also, housing 1
A support member 18 as a bearing for allowing spherical motion is provided in the 4 to support the operation shaft 16 so as to be able to tilt in the vertical and horizontal directions by supporting the spherical portion 17. As a result, the operation shaft 16 is supported by the housing 14 at a fixed position.

The other end of the operation shaft 16 thus supported protrudes from the hole 15 of the housing 14. In this case, the hole 15 is formed to have a size that restricts the maximum tilt amount of the operation shaft 16 in the up, down, left, and right directions with the operation shaft 16 applied thereto.

The tip 1 which is the protruding end of the operating shaft 16
An operation portion 19 made of an elastic member such as rubber or a soft and non-slip material such as urethane and made of a substantially hemispherical member is fixedly attached to 6d. Here, the operation point by the operation unit 19 is defined as G. This operating point G
Are arranged at the same distance from the eye points F and F ′ of the eyepieces 11 and 12 and at positions facing the surgeon's forehead. Further, the fulcrum, which is the center when the operation shaft 16 is tilted up, down, left and right, is the center of the sphere 17,
This fulcrum is defined as H. In addition, a line segment I connecting the operation point G and the fulcrum H is substantially parallel to the eyepiece optical axes E and E ′, and the spherical portion 17 of the operation shaft 16 is It is supported by a member 18.

The operation section 19 is replaced by the operation section 19.
A pressure-sensitive switch 20 is provided between the above member and the tip of the operation shaft 16. The pressure-sensitive switch 20 outputs when a certain force K is applied to the operation point G in the directions of the eyepiece optical axes E and E ′, and the signal is input to the control circuit 9. Only when the input signal and the input signal from the micro switch 23, 24, 25 or 26 described later are simultaneously input,
It is configured to supply a power output to a variable power motor 35 and a focusing motor 37 described later.

3 and III-III in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4 which is a cross-sectional view of a portion along the line, a spring seat 21 is fixed to an intermediate portion 16 a of the operation shaft 16 in the housing 14. This spring seat 21 is
Is located near the hole 15 protruding from the inside of the housing 14. Further, springs 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d disposed at upper, lower, left, and right positions are interposed between the spring seat 21 and the opposing inner surface of the housing 14. Each of the springs 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d constitutes a neutral state return mechanism for elastically supporting the operation shaft 16 from up, down, left, and right directions and holding the operation point G of the operation shaft 16 in a neutral state. is there. Each spring 22
a, 22b, 22c, and 22d have one end thereof connected to the spring seat 2.
1 are attached to the upper, lower, left and right positions, and each of the springs 22a, 22
The other ends of b, 22c and 22d are installed in the upper, lower, left and right portions of the inner surface of the housing 14.

As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 which is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3, the operating shaft 16 is located closer to the rotation base end than the spring type neutral state return mechanism. The micro switch 2 is located at the upper, lower, left and right sides of the
3, 24, 25 and 26 are arranged, and the microswitches 23, 24, 25 and 26 are fixedly installed on the housing 14. And micro switches 23, 2
The actuators 4, 25, and 26 are arranged to face the operation shaft 16, and when the operation shaft 16 is in a neutral state, the operators are separated from each other so that no switch operation is performed.
When the operation shaft 16 is tilted, the actuators of the micro switches 23, 24, 25, and 26 installed on the tilt side are pushed and operated by the operation shaft 16. In addition, each micro switch 23, 2
4, 25 and 26 are electrically connected to the control circuit 9, respectively.

That is, when the operating point G is tilted upward, the microswitch 23 is operated, and when the operating point G is tilted downward, the microswitch 2 is turned on.
4 is operated, the micro switch 25 is operated when the operation point G is tilted to the left, and the micro switch 26 is operated when the operation point G is tilted to the right.

When the operating point G is tilted up, down, left, and right, the micro switches 23, 24, 25, and 26 are selected before the pupil of the operator deviates from the observation pupil diameter d. The microswitches 23, 24, 25, 26 are provided in such a manner that they are operated by being operated.

FIG. 6 shows the mirror 1 and the binocular observation lens barrel 10.
1 shows the internal structure of the device. In the figure, reference numeral 27 denotes an objective lens arranged in front of the mirror 1, and reference numeral 28 denotes a variable power optical unit arranged in a pair on the right and left when viewed from the right side in the figure. Each variable power optical unit 28 includes a moving lens group 28a and a fixed lens group 28b. An imaging lens 29, a deflection optical member 30, and an eyepiece 3 are provided inside the binocular observation lens barrel 10.
1 is provided. Here, the imaging lens 29, the deflecting optical member 30, and the eyepiece lens 31 are arranged in a pair on the left and right similarly to the zoom optical unit 28 of the binocular observation lens barrel 10.

The left and right moving lens groups 28a constituting the variable magnification optical section 28 are integrally held by a lens frame 32, and a rack 33 is provided on the outer periphery of the lens frame 32. A pinion gear 34 meshes with the rack 33. The rotation shaft of the pinion gear 34 is connected to the output shaft of a variable power motor 35 that is electrically connected to the control circuit 9. The variable power motor 35, the pinion gear 34, and the rack 33 constitute a variable power motor that drives the variable power optical unit 28.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6, the mirror body 1 is held so as to be slidable upward or downward relative to a connection arm 36 connected to the posture variable arm 8. I have. A focusing motor 37 is fixedly provided on the mirror body 1, and the focusing motor 37 is electrically connected to the control circuit 9, and is driven and controlled by the control circuit 9. A pinion gear 38 is fixed to the output shaft of the focusing motor 37, and the pinion gear 38 meshes with a rack 39 fixed to the connection arm 36,
The rotation forms a focusing electric mechanism that moves the mirror 1 up and down with respect to the connection arm 36. That is, the focusing motor 37, the pinion gear 38, and the rack 39 constitute a focusing electric mechanism.

(Operation) First, when using a surgical microscope, the operator rotates the first arm 5, the second arm 7, and the posture variable arm 8 of the gantry 2 around the rotation axes A, B, C, D. Let
The mirror body 1 is set to a desired position where the operative site J (see FIG. 6) can be observed.

The light beam emitted from the operative portion J passes through the objective lens 27, the variable power optical portion 28, the image forming lens 29, and the deflecting optical member 30, and is guided to the eyepiece 31. By matching the pupil with ', an enlarged observation image of the operative site J can be obtained.

Next, a case where the operator changes the magnification will be described. When the forehead is moved while the forehead is pressed against the operation point G of the operation part 19 in the directions of the eyepiece optical axes E and E 'with a certain force K or more, the pressure-sensitive switch 20 is input, and the control circuit 9 is turned on.
Output the input signal. That is, in this state, for example, when the forehead is moved left or right, the operation axis 16 is inclined leftward or rightward about the fulcrum H, and the operation axis 16
When the operator of the micro switch 25 or the micro switch 26 is pressed, the micro switch 25 or the micro switch 26 is operated, and an operation input is performed.
The input signal is output to the control circuit 9. Based on this signal and the signal from the pressure-sensitive switch 20, the control circuit 9 supplies drive power from a power supply to the variable power motor 35, and the variable power motor 35 rotates leftward or rightward accordingly.

When the variable power motor 35 rotates leftward or rightward, the pinion gear 34 integrated with the variable power motor 35 rotates leftward or rightward, and a rack 33 meshed with the pinion gear 34 is rotated. The variable power optical unit 28 integrated with the rack 33 moves upward or downward. Thereby, the magnification of the observation image is changed. When it is desired to stop the zoom operation, when the forehead is released from the operation point G, the pressure-sensitive switch is turned off, the rotation of the zoom motor 35 stops, and the movement of the zoom optical unit 28 stops. Also, the springs 22a, 22b, 22c,
By 22d, the operating shaft 16 automatically returns to the neutral state, whereby the micro switches 25 and 26 are also turned off.
FF is performed.

Next, a case where the operator changes the focal position will be described. When the forehead is pressed against the operation point G of the operation unit 19 in the directions of the eyepiece optical axes E and E 'with a force K equal to or more than a certain value, the pressure-sensitive switch 20 is input and the input signal is output to the control circuit 9. . In this state, when the forehead is moved upward or downward, the operation shaft 16 tilts upward or downward about the fulcrum H, and the operation switch 16 of the micro switch 23 or the micro switch 24 is pushed. Then, the micro switch 23 or the micro switch 24 is operated, an operation input is performed, and an input signal is output to the control circuit 9. This signal and the pressure-sensitive switch 20
The driving power is supplied from the power supply to the focusing motor 37 from the control circuit 9 by the signal from the control circuit 9, and the focus motor 37 rotates leftward or rightward. When the focus motor 37 rotates left or right, the pinion gear 38 integrated with the focus motor 37 rotates left or right, and the rack 1 meshed with the pinion gear 38 causes the mirror body 1 to be connected to the connection arm 36. Relatively upward or downward. Thereby, the focal position of the observation image is changed. When you want to stop the operation of changing the focal position,
When the forehead is released, the pressure-sensitive switch 20 is turned off, the rotation of the focus motor 37 stops, and the movement of the mirror 1 stops.
Further, the operation shaft 16 automatically returns to the neutral state by the springs 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d, so that the microswitch 23 or the microswitch 24 is also turned off.
FF is performed.

Here, when the operating point G is tilted up and down or left and right, the microswitches 23, 24, 25 and 26 are operated before the pupil of the operator deviates from the observation pupil diameter d. With this configuration, the operator can perform the above-described operation input while maintaining the observation state.

Here, with reference to FIG. 7, a more specific operation of the above-described input operation will be described. First, a case where the operation point G is operated in the up-down direction will be described. FIG. 7 shows the observation state of the operator, and reference numeral 40 denotes the operator's face.
The operation point G draws an arc L centered on the fulcrum H when operated up and down. The operating point G is the operating point M of the operator's forehead.
Is pressed, but when the operator performs a natural motion of the face, looking up and nodding, the operating point M draws an arc N. Accordingly, the arc L, which is the movement trajectory of the operation point G of the input device 13, and the arc N, which is the movement trajectory of the forehead operation point M, always keep contact with the operation points G and M. The operation point G follows only the movement of.

Next, the case where the operation point G is operated in the left-right direction will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 shows the observation state of the operator. The operation point G draws an arc O about the fulcrum H when operated left and right. In addition, when the operator performs a natural motion of shaking the face left and right, the operation point M becomes the arc P
Draw. Accordingly, an arc O, which is a movement locus of the operation point G of the input device 13, and an arc P, which is a movement locus of the operation point M of the forehead,
Keeps a constant contact state on the operation points G and M, so that the operation point G follows only the movement of the operation point M.

(Effect) As described above, unless the operation point G is pressed with a certain force in the observation optical axis direction, no operation input is performed. Therefore, there is no erroneous operation, and even if the operation input of the electric mechanism is performed, the observation visual field is not vignetted, so that the operation input of the electric mechanism can be reliably performed while performing the observation. For this reason,
Since the surgeon can concentrate without interrupting the operation, the work efficiency is increased. Further, in the present embodiment, the same effect can be obtained even when the focusing mechanism of the mirror unit is an in-focus type aiming mechanism.

Further, in this embodiment, a microswitch is used as the operation input device. However, any sensor or switch may be used as long as it detects that the operation axis is tilted up or down or left and right, such as a pressure sensor. Even so, the same effect can be obtained.

[Second Embodiment] A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. (Structure) In the surgical microscope according to this embodiment, the binocular observation lens barrel, the input device, and the portion of the electric mechanism operated and input by the input device are different from those of the first embodiment described above, and other structures are provided. Are the same as those in the first embodiment, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description of the specific configuration is omitted.

A control circuit 49 for controlling an X motor 69 and a Y motor 72, which will be described later, is provided inside the column 4 of the gantry 2 shown in FIG. The mirror body 1 is held by the second arm 7 via a field-of-view moving device 76 and a posture-variable arm 8, which will be described later, and is supported rotatably about the axis D.

FIG. 10 shows a binocular observation lens barrel 50. This binocular observation lens barrel 50 is provided with a transmission type light diffusion device as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 7-114872, and the observation pupil is enlarged by the light diffusion device. The tube 50 has an enlarged observation pupil diameter d '. Here, one of the X +, X-, Y +, and Y directions shown in FIG. 10 is defined as a rightward direction, a leftward direction, an upward direction, and a downward direction, respectively.

Next, referring to FIG.
1 will be described. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view as viewed from the arrow VI in FIG. The input device 51 is provided on the binocular observation lens barrel 50. That is, the housing 52 of the input device 51 is formed in a hook shape bent at a right angle so as to contact the rear surface and the upper surface of the binocular observation lens barrel 50. The front wall of the front part located on the upper surface of the binocular observation lens barrel 50 has a hole 53 through which the operation shaft seat 54 is inserted.

The operating shaft seat 54 comprises a free end 53a penetrating the hole 53 and a base end 53b perpendicular to the free end 53a.
The rear end of 3b is supported by a supporting portion 53c of the housing 52 via a leaf spring 55 which is an elastic member. To this end, the operation shaft seat 54 is supported by a leaf spring 55 that allows a so-called spherical motion so as to be tiltable in the vertical and horizontal directions. The hole 53 is formed to have a size that regulates the maximum tilt amount of the operation shaft seat 54 in the vertical and horizontal directions.

A connection hole 56 is formed in the free end 53a of the operation shaft seat 54, and one end of an operation shaft 57 is inserted into the hole 56. The operating shaft 57 is fastened and fixed to the operating shaft seat 54 by the tip of a fixing knob 60 screwed into the operating shaft seat 54. A long groove 59 for fitting the distal end of the fixing knob 60 is provided around the insertion end of the operation shaft 57. Also, fixed knob 60
The male screw portion is screwed into a female screw portion provided on the operation shaft seat 54 and screwed. The tip of the fixing knob 60 usually enters the long groove 59. Therefore, if the fixing knob 60 is loosened, the operation shaft 5 is guided by the guide function by fitting the tip of the fixing knob 60 and the long groove 59.
Numeral 7 is movable toward and away from the operator, and the operation shaft 57 is extendable within the range of the long groove 59.

The other end portion of the operation shaft 57 is bent obliquely forward and downward, and the tip portion thereof forms a tip portion 57a that bends and projects forward. And the tip 57
An operation portion 58 made of a soft and non-slip material such as rubber or urethane is fixedly provided at the end of a, and an operation point by the operation portion 58 is defined as R.

Here, the operating point R is determined by the eyepieces 11, 1
2, which are equidistant from the respective eye points F and F ', and are arranged at positions facing the forehead of the operator. Further, a fulcrum S which is the center of the vertical and horizontal inclination of the operation shaft 57
Is a central axis T in the thickness direction of the leaf spring 55 shown in FIG.
12, a central axis U in the width direction of the leaf spring 55 shown in FIG. 12 with a partial cross section viewed from the arrow VII in FIG.
And the connection point of the housing 52 with the support portion 53c, and is defined as the tilt center of the operation shaft 57.

The operating shaft 57 is formed by using the leaf spring 55 so that a line segment V connecting the operating point R and the fulcrum S is substantially parallel to the eyepiece optical axes E and E '. 52
It is supported within. The leaf spring 55 holds the operation shaft seat 54 and the operation shaft 57 in the neutral state shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 by its own elastic restoring force.

The operation shaft 57 inserted and mounted in the connection hole 56 of the operation shaft seat 54 can be extended and retracted to extend and contract from the operation shaft seat 54. The direction of expansion and contraction is the operation point R and the fulcrum in the neutral state. It is parallel to the line segment V connecting S.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of a portion taken along line VIII-VIII in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 13, microswitches 61, 62, 63, and 64 are arranged in the housing 52 so as to oppose respective upper, lower, left, and right portions in the middle of the operation shaft seat 54. And these microswitches 61 and 6
2, 63 and 64 are fixedly installed in the housing 52. Further, each of the micro switches 61, 62, 63,
Reference numeral 64 is electrically connected to the control circuit 49. When the operation shaft seat 54 is tilted toward the installation side, the microswitches 61, 62, 63, 64 operate on the peripheral surface of the operation shaft seat 54.
Push the actuators of 3, 64 and the microswitch 61,
62, 63, and 64 are operated. For example, when the operating point R is tilted upward, the upper micro switch 61 is operated, and when the operating point R is tilted downward, the lower micro switch 62 is operated, and the operating point R is tilted left. Then, the left micro switch 63 is operated, and when the operation point R is tilted right, the right micro switch 64 is operated.

Here, the micro switches 61, 6
2, 63 and 64 are arranged so that when the operating point R is tilted up, down, left and right, the operator's pupil is operated before deviating from the observation pupil diameter d '.

FIG. 14 shows the mirror 1 attached to the tip of the second arm 7.
Is a view moving device (electrically driven mechanism) 76 for holding the camera in a freely movable manner in the X and Y directions. Here, as shown in FIG. 14, the direction facing the surgeon is defined as the X direction, and the lateral direction of the surgeon is defined as the Y direction.

The visual field moving device 76 is configured as follows. The field-of-view moving device 76 is suspended and held at the tip of the second arm 7 of the gantry 2 via the connection shaft 65. That is, the base 66 of the visual field moving device 76 is fixedly held to the tip of the connection shaft 65, and the X moving member 67 and the Y moving member 68 are assembled on the lower surface side of the base 66 in a state of being sequentially laminated. I have. A dovetail-shaped concave portion 66a along the X direction is formed on the lower surface of the base 66, and a convex portion 67a that fits into the concave portion 66a of the base 66 is formed on the upper surface of the X moving member 67. The concave portion 66a and the convex portion 67a are slidably coupled in the X direction,
The X moving member 67 is supported by the base 66 so as to be slidable in the X direction.

A dovetail-shaped recess 67b extending in the Y direction is formed on the lower surface of the X-moving member 67, and is fitted into the recess 67b of the X-moving member 67 on the upper surface of the Y-moving member 68. A projection 68a is formed. The concave portion 67b and the convex portion 68a are slidably coupled in the Y direction, so that the Y moving member 68
7 is slidably supported in the Y direction.

An X motor 69 is fixed to the base 66, and the X motor 69 is electrically connected to the control circuit 49. A pinion gear 70 is coaxially fixed to the output shaft of the X motor 69. The X moving member 67 has a rack 7 meshed with the pinion gear 70.
1 is fixed. When the X motor 69 is driven to rotate the pinion gear 70, the rack 71 meshing with the pinion gear 70 moves in the X direction, and the X moving member 67 integrated therewith is moved in the X direction.

The X moving member 67 has a Y motor 7
2, and the Y motor 72 is electrically connected to the control circuit 49. A pinion gear 73 is coaxially fixed to the output shaft of the Y motor 72. Also,
A rack 74 that meshes with the pinion gear 73 is fixed to the Y moving member 68. Therefore, the Y motor 72
Is driven to rotate the pinion gear 73, the rack 74 meshing with the pinion gear 73 is moved in the Y direction, and the Y moving member 68 integrated therewith is moved in the Y direction.

A connecting shaft 75 is fixed to the Y moving member 68, and the posture variable arm 8 that supports the mirror body 1 is connected to the connecting shaft 75.

(Operation) First, when the operator adjusts the position of the operating point R, the fixing knob 60 is slightly rotated counterclockwise when viewed from above, and the fixing knob 60 moves upward. Loosen the operation shaft 57. In this state, the operator adjusts the position of the operation point R within the range of the long groove 59 by extending and contracting the operation shaft 57 toward the operator. After the adjustment, when the fixing knob 60 is rotated clockwise as viewed from above and tightened, the tip of the fixing knob 60 presses the operation shaft 57 against the lower surface of the hole 56 of the operation shaft seat 54. Thereby, the operation shaft 57 is integrated with the operation shaft seat 54, and the position adjustment of the operation point R is completed.

Therefore, when the operator changes the observation visual field, the operator presses the forehead against the operation point R and moves the forehead upward or downward. Then, the leaf spring 55 is elastically deformed, and the operation shaft seat 54 is inclined upward or downward around the fulcrum S. When the operating shaft seat 54 is tilted, the operator of the micro switch 61 or the micro switch 62 located on the tilt side is pushed, and the micro switch 6 is moved.
1 or the micro switch 62 is operated, and an input is made.

This signal is input to the control circuit 49, and the control circuit 49 supplies driving power from the power supply to the X motor 69,
The X motor 69 is rotated leftward or rightward corresponding to the operation direction. When the X motor 69 rotates leftward or rightward, the pinion gear 70 integrated with the rotation shaft of the X motor 69 rotates leftward or rightward to move the rack 71 meshing with the pinion gear 70. The X moving member 67 integrated with the rack 71 moves along the X direction. Thereby, the mirror body 1 is moved in a direction facing the operator, and the observation field of view moves upward or downward.

On the other hand, when the forehead is pressed against the operating point R and the forehead is moved leftward or rightward, the leaf spring 55 is elastically deformed and the operating shaft seat 54 is centered on the fulcrum S in the same manner as in the X direction described above. The micro switch 63 or the micro switch 64 corresponding thereto is pushed by the operation shaft seat 54, and the micro switch 63 or the micro switch 64 is operated. By this input signal, the control circuit 49 causes the Y motor 7
2 is supplied with driving power from a power supply, and rotates the Y motor 72 leftward or rightward corresponding to the operation direction. Then, the pinion gear 73 integrated with the rotation shaft of the Y motor 72 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, and the rack 74 meshing with the pinion gear 73 and the Y moving member 68 integrated with the rack 74 move in the Y direction. Move. Thereby, the mirror body 1 is moved in the left-right direction of the operator, and the observation visual field moves to the left or right.

Here, when the operating point R is moved up, down, left and right to tilt the operating shaft seat 54, the microswitches 61, 6 are moved before the pupil of the operator deviates from the observation pupil diameter d '.
Since 2, 63 and 64 are configured to be operated, the operator can perform the above-described operation input while maintaining the observation state.

When it is desired to stop the movement of the observation field of view, when the forehead is separated from the operation point R, the operation shaft seat 54 and the operation shaft 57 are moved by the urging force of the elastically deformed leaf spring 55 returning to the original shape. It returns to the neutral state shown in FIGS. As a result, the micro switches 61, 62, 63 or 64 are turned off, and the X motor 69 and the Y motor 7 are turned off.
2 stops, and the movement of the mirror 1 stops.

If the operation shaft 57 needs to be disinfected before the operation, the fixing knob 60 is rotated counterclockwise as viewed from above until the tip of the fixing knob 60 comes off the long groove 59. In this state, the operation shaft 57 is moved to the operation shaft seat 54.
And the operation shaft 57 is disinfected.

Further, even when the operation input by the input device 51 is not required, the operation shaft 57 can be extracted and used. Alternatively, the connection hole 56 may be formed deep, and the operation shaft 57 may be pushed in and retracted. By doing so, the operation shaft 57 does not become an obstacle, and the usability is improved.

(Effect) In this embodiment, the position of the operation point R of the operation shaft 57 can be adjusted to a position desired by the operator, so that the operability of the input device 51 is further improved. The surgeon can concentrate on the operation more efficiently.

Further, since the inclination direction of the operation point R and the moving direction of the visual field are the same direction, the operation input can be performed without a sense of incongruity.
Erroneous operation can be prevented. For this reason, the efficiency of the operation is further increased.

Further, since the observation pupil is enlarged by providing a transmission type light diffusion device in the binocular observation lens barrel 50, the forehead is pressed against the operation point R of the input device 51, and an operation input is made in the vertical and horizontal directions. In this case, the amount of inclination of the operation point R of the input device 51 can be increased to some extent in a range where the observed image is not vignetted. Thus, a more convenient surgical microscope can be provided without making the input operation too delicate.

Further, the fulcrum of the operation point R where the surgeon presses the forehead to perform the operation input is made of an elastic member, does not require a complicated mechanism, and furthermore, the operation point R is in a neutral state on the elastic member. , A surgical microscope having a small, lightweight, and inexpensive input device can be provided.

Further, when the operation shaft 57 is disinfected or when the input operation by the input device is not necessary, the operation shaft 57 can be easily removed from the housing 52 (input device main body).

In this embodiment, a leaf spring is used as the elastic member. However, similar effects can be obtained by using another elastic member such as a coil spring or a piano wire.

[Third Embodiment] A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. (Structure) In this embodiment, in the operation input of the input device,
This switches the observation image (electrically driven mechanism). In this embodiment, the same parts as those in the above-described first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In FIG. 15, a mirror body 99 is supported at the tip of the second arm 7 of the gantry 2 via a posture variable arm 8. FIG. 16 shows an input device 1 according to the third embodiment.
00 is shown. The input device 100 is installed in a space between the eyepieces 11 and 12 of the binocular observation lens barrel 10. Here, one direction of X +, X−, Y +, and Y in FIG. 16 is defined as a rightward direction, a leftward direction, an upward direction, and a downward direction, respectively.

Next, the configuration of the input device 100 will be specifically described. FIG. 17 is a sectional view seen from the direction of the arrow IX in FIG. Housing 1 of this input device 100
Reference numeral 01 is attached to the front of the binocular observation lens barrel 10. An operation axis (tilt axis) to be described later is provided on a front wall portion of the housing 101.
Is formed. The hole 102 is formed to have a size that regulates the maximum tilt amount of the operation axis in the vertical and horizontal directions.

In the housing 101, the hole 102
Is provided with a support member 103 having a spherical surface 103a facing the hole 102 side. In addition, a spherical surface 101a is formed on a portion of the inner surface of the housing 101 which is located around the inside of the hole 102.

The spherical surface 101a on the inner surface of the housing 101
And the spherical surface 103a of the support member 103 are both spherical surfaces centered on an imaginary point located behind the support member 103, and the center of the hole 102 is located on the radial axis.

At the base end of the operation shaft 104 inserted into the hole 102, the base 10 sandwiched between the spherical surface 101a of the housing 101 and the spherical surface 103a of the support member 103 is provided.
4a is provided. The base portion 104a has a spherical surface portion 104b that slides on the spherical surface 101a of the housing 101.
And a spherical portion 104c which is in sliding contact with the spherical surface 103a of the support member 103 is formed. That is, the base 104 is sandwiched and supported between the spherical surface 101a and the spherical surface 103a so that the operation shaft 104 can be tilted up, down, left, and right with the above-mentioned imaginary point as a fulcrum. here,
The fulcrum is defined as α.

The operating shaft 104 protrudes through the hole 102 of the housing 101, and has an operating portion 105 made of an elastic material such as rubber or a soft and non-slip material such as urethane at its tip. Is fixedly attached. An operation point formed by the tip of the operation unit 105 is defined as β.

Here, a line segment γ connecting the fulcrum α and the operation point β is disposed equidistant from the eyepiece optical axes E and E ′ and in a plane including the eyepiece optical axes E and E ′. As is done
The fulcrum α and the operation point β are arranged. Of course, a line segment γ connecting the fulcrum α and the operation point β passes through the center of the hole 102 of the housing 101.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view taken along the line WW in FIG. 17, and as shown in FIG.
A plurality of magnetic bodies 106a, 106b, 10
6c and 106d are arranged at equal intervals so as to surround the base 104a. These magnetic bodies 106a, 10
6b, 106c and 106d are fixedly installed on the inner surface of the housing 101.

Further, the magnetic members 106a, 106b, 1
Magnetic bodies 107a, 107b, 107c, and 107d are provided at positions opposite to 06c and 106d, respectively. Here, the opposing magnetic bodies 106a and 107a, the magnetic bodies 106b and 107b, the magnetic bodies 106c and 107c, and the magnetic bodies 106d and 107d repel each other so that they repel each other.
The directions of the magnetic poles are determined, and the operation shaft 104 is held at a balanced position where the repulsive forces are equal. Usually, the operation shaft 104 is in the neutral state shown in FIGS.

Further, in the housing 101, micro switches 108, 109, 110, and 111 are provided at respective positions of the base 104a of the operation shaft 104 in the upper, lower, left, and right directions. These microswitches 108, 10
Reference numerals 9, 110, and 111 are fixed to the housing 101 and are electrically connected to a mode setting circuit 128 described later. Then, each micro switch 108, 10
9, 110, 111 move the operation shaft 104 to the installation side.
Is tilted, the operating member is pushed and operated by the peripheral surface of the base 104a of the operation shaft 104. That is, when the operating point β is tilted upward, the micro switch 108 is turned on, when the operating point β is tilted down, the micro switch 109 is turned on, and when the previous operating point β is tilted to the left, the micro switch 1 is turned off.
10, the micro switch 111 is operated when the operation point β is tilted to the right.

FIG. 19 shows a mirror body 99 incorporating the image switching means 112 and a perspective endoscope 113. Here, the mirror body 99 to which the binocular observation lens barrel 10 is optically attached is a first observation means, and a perspective endoscope 113 which is a second observation means is provided separately from the first observation means. . The variable magnification optical unit 2 on the right side in FIG.
A movable mirror 114 is provided on the optical axis 8 so as to be insertably and detachably supported, and the movable mirror 114 is driven by a rotary solenoid 115. Also,
A rotary solenoid 115 is a driving means for rotating the movable mirror 114 to a position indicated by a solid line and a broken line in FIG.
Reference numeral 5 is electrically connected to a mode setting circuit 128 described later. Here, the movable mirror 114 is set as an initial state at a position off the optical axis as shown by a dotted line in FIG.

Reference numeral 117 denotes a projection lens, and 118 denotes a mirror. The projection lens 117 and the mirror 118 are provided on the movable mirror 114 inserted on the optical axis of the variable magnification optical unit 28 on the right side in FIG. They are sequentially arranged outside.
An observation monitor 119 is arranged on the optical axis reflected by the mirror 118 so as to be spaced apart and opposed.
The observation monitor 119 includes a mode setting circuit 12 described later.
8 is electrically connected.

Next, the configuration of the oblique endoscope 113 as the second observation means will be described. This endoscope 113
Is an insertion section 120 and an eyepiece section 121 which are inserted into a patient's body.
And a TV camera 122 that captures an observation image of the oblique endoscope 113 is attached to the eyepiece 121 via an adapter (not shown). The oblique endoscope 113 is held by an unillustrated holding arm or the like that can be held at a position desired by the operator, and observes an operating portion J ′, which is a blind spot of the surgical microscope. Also, the TV camera 122
Is connected to a control unit 123 electrically connected to a mode setting circuit 128 described later.

The memory 127 electrically connected to the mode setting circuit 128 is electrically connected. The memory 127 stores the MR image 12 of the affected part taken before the operation.
4. A CT image 125 and a diagnostic chart 126 are digitally recorded. The mode setting circuit 128 is configured to function as follows. That is, when the micro switches 108, 109, 110, and 111 are operated, the observation image of the perspective endoscope 113 from the control unit 123, the MR image 124, the CT image 125, The diagnostic chart 126 is output to the monitor 119, and power is supplied to the front rotary solenoid 115.

(Operation) While observing the operation site J, the surgeon observes the observation image of the oblique endoscope 113 or the MR image 124 and the CT image 1
25. When observing the diagnostic chart 126, the forehead is pressed against the operation point β and the forehead is moved upward or downward, left, or right. Then, the operation shaft 104 is inclined upward or downward, left, and right about the fulcrum α, and the operation shaft 104 is
2 Incline until it hits the upper or lower side, left side, right side. At this time, the operator of the micro switch 108 or 109, 110, 111 is pushed by the operation shaft 104, and the micro switch 108 or 109, 110, 111 is input. In response to the input signal, the mode setting circuit 128 supplies driving power from the power supply to the rotary solenoid 115, and rotates the movable mirror 114 in the direction of the arrow 116.

Then, the movable mirror 114 is in the state shown by the solid line in FIG. At the same time, the monitor setting circuit 128 outputs the observation image of the oblique endoscope 113 from the control unit 123 to the observation monitor 119 when the micro switch 108 is input, and outputs the image to the memory 127 when the micro switch 109 is input. Recorded MR image 1
When the micro switch 110 is inputted, the CT image 125 recorded in the memory 127 is outputted to the observation monitor 119 when the micro switch 110 is inputted, and when the micro switch 111 is inputted, the diagnostic chart 126 stored in the memory 127 is outputted.

Further, the image on the observation monitor 119 is reflected by the movable mirror 114 via the mirror 118 and the projection lens 117, and then guided to the right eyepiece 12 of the binocular observation lens barrel 10. Thus, the operator can use the right eye with the endoscope 1 for oblique viewing.
13 observation images or MR images 124, CT images 125, and diagnostic charts 126 can be observed.

Next, when the surgeon observes the image of the microscope with the binocular, it is only necessary to move the forehead away from the operation point β, so that the magnetic bodies 106a, 106b, 106c, 106d, 107
a, 107b, 107c, 107d
Returns to the neutral state, and the microswitch 108 or 1
09, 110 and 111 are turned off, and the mode setting circuit 1
The power supplied from 28 to the rotary solenoid 115 is turned off. As a result, the movable mirror 114 rotates along the direction of the arrow 116 to be in a state shown by a dotted line in FIG.

(Effect) According to the present embodiment, since the fulcrum α of the inclination of the operating point β is located at an imaginary position, the input device can be reduced in size and weight without impairing the input operability. Can be.

[Fourth Embodiment] A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. (Structure) FIG. 20 shows a mirror body 130 in an operating microscope for magnifying an affected part. This mirror body 130 is connected to a mount (not shown) as in the above-described embodiment. A binocular observation lens barrel 131 is attached to the lens body 130 in an optically connected state. The binocular observation lens barrel 131 is provided with a pair of right and left eyepieces 132 and 133. These eyepieces 132 and 133 are optically connected to the binocular observation lens barrel 131 so as to enable binocular observation. Here, the left and right optical axes from the eyepieces 132 and 133 to the left and right eyes of the operator are respectively the eyepiece optical axes E,
E ′, and eye points on the eyepiece optical axes E and E ′ are F and F ′, respectively.

An input device 134 described later is provided on the upper surface of the binocular observation lens barrel 131. Next, the configuration of the input device 134 will be described. FIG. 21 is a sectional view showing the input device 134 in a longitudinal section. The input device 134 includes a housing 135.
Reference numeral 35 is detachably attached to the upper surface of the binocular observation lens barrel 131. A hole 136 is formed in a front wall on the front side of the housing 135. This hole 136
The operation body 137 penetrates the. The operating body 137 is composed of a rod-shaped operating shaft 138, and a distal end portion of the operating shaft 138 at the protruding end is made of an elastic member such as rubber or a member formed in a substantially hemispherical shape with a soft and non-slip material such as urethane. The operation unit 139 is fixedly attached. Here, an operation point by the operation unit 139 is defined as X. The operating point X is equidistant from the eye points F and F 'and is arranged at a position facing the forehead of the operator. These are the same as those in the above-described embodiment.

The other end of the operating shaft 138 is fitted into a cylindrical operating shaft seat 140, and the operating shaft 138 moves back and forth in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 21 with respect to the operating shaft seat 140. It is slidably connected. A spring 141 is disposed between the operation shaft 138 and the operation shaft seat 140,
The operation shaft 138 is urged in a direction to push out by the elastic force of 1.

The rear end of the operation shaft seat 140 is rotatably supported on the wall of the housing 135 via a leaf spring 142 as an elastic member. That is, the operation shaft 138 is supported so as to be tiltable in the vertical and horizontal directions by the leaf spring 142 that allows a so-called spherical motion. The center position at which the operation shaft 138 tilts up, down, left, and right is defined as Y. In the operation axis 138, a line segment connecting the operation point X and the fulcrum Y is the eyepiece optical axis F,
It is pivotally mounted in the housing 135 by the leaf spring 142 so as to be substantially parallel to F ′.

A hole 136 through which the operation shaft seat 140 passes.
Is opened to a size that regulates the maximum tilt amount of the operation shaft seat 140 in the vertical and horizontal directions. In the housing 135, a plurality of micro switches 143 for detecting the inclination of the operation shaft 138 are fixedly provided. The configuration and function of these microswitches 143 are the same as in the second embodiment described above, and further description will be omitted.

Next, the configuration of the mirror 130 will be described. On the front surface of the mirror body 130, an objective lens 144 common to the left and right optical paths is provided, and the objective lens 144 is fixed to an objective lens holding frame 145. Further, the objective lens holding frame 145 is fixed to the mirror body 130 with screws or the like. A variable power optical unit 146 arranged as a pair of right and left is provided in the mirror body 130, and a light guide 147 for guiding illumination light from a light source (not shown) is provided between the variable power optical unit 146 and the objective lens 144. , An illumination optical unit 148 and a polarizing prism 149 are sequentially arranged.

Both the mirror body 130 and the above-mentioned stand (not shown), or at least the mirror body 130, are covered with a drape 150. The drape 150 is connected to the eyepieces 132 and 13.
3 and holes 1 at positions corresponding to the operation unit 139, respectively.
50a and 150b are opened, and the distal ends of the eyepieces 132 and 133 protrude from one of the holes 150a, and the operation shaft 13 having the operation unit 139 from the other hole 150b.
The tip of 8 protrudes. The eyepieces 132 and 133 penetrate the hole 150a densely, and the operation shaft 138 penetrates the hole 150b densely.

[0097] The drape 150 has an annular cap 152 made of resin connected to a lower portion thereof, and a transparent protective cover 151 made of, for example, an acrylic plate is diagonally attached to the cap 152. The cap 152 has an appropriate fit with the outer periphery of the objective lens holding frame 145 and is detachable from the objective lens holding frame 145.

As shown in FIG. 22, positioning pins 153 are fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the mirror body 130 near the objective lens holding frame 145, and the positioning pins 153 are mounted on the cap 152.
A positioning hole 154 is opened at a position corresponding to.
When the cap 152 is attached to the objective lens holding frame 145, the orientation of the transparent protective cover 151 attached to the cap 152 is determined, and the transparent protective cover 151 is illuminated by the illumination optical unit 148 with respect to the observation optical axis 155. It is inclined to the side.

(Operation) When the operator performs the operation input as described in the first to third embodiments, the operation point X of the operation section 139 at the tip of the operation shaft 138 protruding from the drape 150 is used. Assuming that the operator presses the forehead to move the operation unit 139 in a desired direction, the micro switch 143 corresponding to the direction is operated by the operation shaft seat 140 to operate, and the input is completed.

Next, when the operator changes the observation angle of the mirror 130 by moving the mount (not shown), the operator's forehead and the operation point X are changed.
Distance changes. Here, the operation unit 139 and the operation axis 1
Since 38 can advance and retreat along the axial direction of the operation shaft 138, when the relative position between the operator's forehead and the operation unit 139 changes, the expansion and contraction of the change amount is performed.

Further, even when the operator is replaced, the distance between the human pupil and the forehead is not constant, so that the distance usually changes. In this case, the expansion and contraction corresponding to the amount of the change is performed. To absorb the change. Here, since the operation shaft 138 can move only in the axial direction,
Since the input operation does not move in the up / down / left / right inclination directions, it does not prevent normal input operation.

Next, the operator puts the drape 150 on the mirror 130
A description will be given of a case in which the camera is mounted on a computer. In this case, first
The cap 152 is fitted to and attached to the objective lens holding frame 145 such that the positioning pins 153 provided on the lower surface of the mirror body 130 and the positioning holes 154 of the cap 152 match. Thereafter, the eyepieces 132 and 133 and the operation unit 13
9 and holes 150a, 150b provided in drape 150
The drape 150 is put on the mirror body 130 and the pedestal (not shown) while being fitted.

Next, the state of the optical path of the illumination light when the drape 150 is mounted will be described with reference to FIG. Illumination light emitted from a light source not shown is a light guide 147,
The light sequentially passes through the illumination optical unit 148, is refracted by the polarizing prism 149, passes through the objective lens 144, and irradiates the operation site. Here, part of the illumination light is transmitted through the transparent protective cover 1.
The light is reflected by the surface of the light source 51. Since the transparent protective cover 151 is inclined toward the illumination optical unit 148, the illumination light reflected on the surface of the transparent protective cover 151 reflects the variable magnification optical unit 1.
It is directed in the direction of the dashed arrow in FIG.
That is, since the reflected light does not go to the variable power optical unit 146, flare does not occur.

(Effects) According to the present embodiment, even if the relative position between the operation section 139 and the operator's forehead changes due to a change in the observation posture of the operator or a change of the operator, the expansion and contraction of the operation shaft 138 can be performed. Thus, the displacement can be absorbed, and it is not necessary to adjust the position of the operation body 137 each time, so that the input operation can be performed smoothly. The operation shaft 138
Is movable only in its axial direction, so that the input operation does not move and a stable input operation is performed.

When the drive 150 having the transparent protective cover 151 is mounted, the positional relationship between the transparent protective cover 151, the variable power optical unit 146 and the illumination optical unit 148 is always fixed by the positioning pins 153 and the positioning holes 154. For this reason, no matter who wears it, the condition is fixed, and the reflected light of the illuminating light by the transparent protective cover 151 at that time does not affect the variable power optical unit 146, so that flare does not occur. In addition, the positioning of the eyepieces 132 and 133 or the operation unit 139 with the drape 150 can be performed by the cap 152 because the annular cap 152 is provided with a positioning means in the rotation direction.
It can be easily performed simply by attaching the.

In this embodiment, an acrylic plate is used for the transparent protective cover 151. However, similar effects can be obtained if the transparent protective cover is made of another transparent resin or a glass plate. The same effect can be obtained even if the transparent protective cover 151 is not a flat plate but has a spherical surface. Further, although the pins 153 are used for positioning the drape 150 and the mirror 130, any means that regulates the direction of rotation, such as a combination of irregularities, may be used, whereby the same effect as described above can be obtained.

[Fifth Embodiment] A fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. However, the same components as those of the above-described fourth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

(Structure) FIG. 24 shows the mirror 13 of the surgical microscope.
0 is a side view. A binocular observation lens barrel 131 is provided on the upper surface of the lens body 130, and an input device 134 is provided above the binocular observation lens barrel 131. FIG. 25 is a longitudinal sectional view of the input device 134.

An operating portion 156 formed in a bellows shape with an elastic member such as rubber or a soft and non-slip material such as urethane is attached to a tip portion which is a protruding end of the operating shaft 138 of the input device 134. . The operation portion 156 is formed in a bellows shape, so that it can expand and contract in the axial direction of the operation shaft 138.

Next, the internal configuration of the mirror 130 will be described. Illumination light is supplied to a light guide 147 and an illumination optical unit 14 arranged above the focus position variable objective lens 158.
8, sequentially pass through the polarizing prism 149, further pass through the half mirror 157, and irradiate the surgical site coaxial with the observation optical axis 155. On the other hand, the observation light beam from the surgical site is reflected by the half mirror 157, and
Variable focus position objective lens 158 common to left and right optical paths, polarizing prism 149, variable power optical unit 146, polarizing prism 16
0 and 161 sequentially enter the binocular observation lens barrel 131 and are magnified and observed by a pair of left and right eyepieces 132 and 133.

The mirror body 130 and the gantry (not shown) are covered with a drape 150. In the drape 150, the eyepieces 132 and 133 and the operation unit 156
Are formed at positions corresponding to the operation shaft 138 having holes 150a and 150b separately and densely.

A cap 162 made of resin is connected to a lower portion of the drape 150. This cap 162
Is provided with a transparent protective cover 151. The cap 162 has an appropriate fitting with the transparent protective cover mounting portion 163 provided at the lower part of the mirror body 130, so that the cap 162 can be attached to and detached from the transparent protective cover mounting portion 163.

The cap 162 and the transparent protective cover attaching portion 163 have a horseshoe shape as shown in FIG. When the cap 162 is attached to the transparent protective cover mounting portion 163, the transparent protective cover 151 is used for the observation optical axis 1.
24 is held upward by the cap 152 in the state shown in FIG.

(Operation) When the relative position between the operator's forehead and the operation section 156 changes, the displacement is absorbed by the expansion and contraction of the operation section 156. The surgeon puts drape 150 on mirror 1
When mounting on the cover 30, the cap 162 and the transparent protective cover mounting portion 163 are first fitted together with their outer shapes. Thereafter, the eyepieces 132 and 133 and the operation unit 156 are inserted into the holes 150a and 150b provided in the drape 150, and the drape 150 is put on and mounted on the mirror body 130 and a frame (not shown).

The optical path of the illumination light is as shown in FIG. Then, the illuminating light passes through the half mirror 157 and irradiates the operation site. Here, a part of the illuminating light reflected on the surface of the transparent protective cover 151 is directed in the direction of the broken arrow in FIG. However, this reflected light does not enter the variable focus position objective lens 158.

(Effect) According to the present embodiment, the operation unit 15
The displacement of the relative position between the operator 6 and the forehead of the operator is
Because it is absorbed by the simple configuration of the part shape of
An inexpensive, small and lightweight device can be provided. Since the shape of the cap itself is used as the cap positioning means for preventing flare, it is easy to visually confirm the cap, and the workability when attaching the drape is improved. In the present embodiment, the cap 162 and the cap mounting portion 16
Although a horseshoe shape was used as the positioning means of No. 3, a similar effect can be obtained by a unique positioning if the shape is an asymmetry.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may be applied in combination. The following lists the inventions related to the present invention. An invention combining those matters is also possible.

<Supplementary Notes> In a surgical microscope having a mirror body, a binocular observation lens barrel, an electric mechanism, and an input device for performing an operation input of the electric mechanism, the input device includes an operation body that tilts and moves around one point as a fulcrum, The operating point of the operating body is disposed at a position substantially equidistant from the left and right eye points of the binocular observation barrel, at a position facing the forehead of the operator, and a straight line connecting the operating point and the fulcrum is the binocular. An operating microscope, which is substantially parallel to an optical axis from an eyepiece of an observation lens barrel to an operator's eye.

[0119] 2. In the case where an operating point of the operating body is moved and an operation input is performed, an input to the electric mechanism can be performed before an operator's pupil deviates from an observation pupil of the binocular observation lens barrel. The surgical microscope according to the paragraph. 3. 2. The surgical microscope according to claim 1, wherein a member at a fulcrum of the operation body is made of an elastic member. 4. The operating microscope according to claim 3, wherein the operating body is urged by an elastic force of the elastic member so that the operating point returns to a neutral state.

[0120] 5. 2. The operating microscope according to claim 1, wherein the operation body has an operation point that is movable back and forth in the optical axis direction with respect to the eyepiece.

6. The operating microscope according to claim 1, wherein the operation body is detachably attached to a main body of the input device. 7. 2. The surgical microscope according to claim 1, wherein the electric mechanism is a visual field moving mechanism, and a tilt direction of the operation body and a visual field moving direction are the same direction. 8. 2. The surgical microscope according to claim 1, wherein the electric mechanism is a variable power mechanism.

9. The operating microscope according to claim 1, wherein the electric mechanism is a focusing mechanism. 10. The surgical microscope according to claim 1, wherein the electric mechanism is an image switching mechanism. 11. The operation microscope according to claim 1, wherein the operation input to the electric mechanism is performed by an operation of the operation point in the optical axis direction and an inclination operation with respect to the optical axis.

12. 2. The operating microscope according to claim 1, wherein the operating point of the operating body is extendable and contractible in the optical axis direction with respect to the eyepiece. 13. 13. The operating microscope according to claim 12, wherein the operating body includes a biasing unit that is biased toward the forehead of the operator.

14. In a drape of an operating microscope having a transparent protective cover attached to be inclined with respect to an observation optical axis and an operating microscope having an attachment portion of the transparent protective cover, positioning for restricting rotation of the transparent protective cover with respect to the observation optical axis. A surgical microscope comprising means. 15. 15. The operating microscope according to claim 14, wherein the positioning means is based on a shape of the transparent protective cover mounting portion. 16. The surgical microscope according to claim 15, wherein the shape of the transparent protective cover mounting portion is an asymmetry.

(Prior Art to the Limitations in Appendix 2) In Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 7-168100, an observation image is vignetted when an operation input is performed, and the operation input can be performed while observing a microscope image. May not be.

(Prior Art to Limitations in Appendix 3) Known techniques of the fulcrum itself in which the operating point inclines about one point include a mechanism for inclining about an axis, a ball joint mechanism, a universal joint mechanism, and the like. Can be raised. In this technique, the mechanism is complicated, resulting in an increase in size, and is expensive.

(Prior Art Against the Limitation of Item 4) An input device in which an operation point is inclined about one point and an operation input is performed is, for example, one end is mounted on a housing of the input device and the other end is an operation point. A neutral state return mechanism for holding the operating point in a neutral state by a plurality of coil springs mounted on a spring seat integrated with the erected point is provided separately from the fulcrum, but this causes an increase in the size of the input device, and Expensive.

(Conventional example of the items of the appendices 14 and 15) As a conventional example of the appendices 14 and 15, DE4413920A1
Are listed. FIGS. 30 to 3 show this conventional surgical microscope.
This will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 30 shows the mirror body 200 of the surgical microscope and a state where the drape 209 is attached to the mirror body 200. The mirror section 200 is provided with an observation optical system. The observation optical system includes an objective lens 201 having a common optical path on the left and right, a pair of right and left variable power lenses 202, and a lens barrel 20.
3. It is composed of a pair of left and right eyepieces 204, whereby the object plane 205 is magnified and observed. An illumination optical system is provided between the objective lens 201 and the variable power lens 202. The illumination optical system includes a light guide 207 for introducing illumination light from a light source (not shown) and an illumination lens 20.
6. Polarizing prisms 208 are sequentially arranged and configured to irradiate illumination light toward the object plane 205 to be observed.

The drape 209 is provided on the transparent protective cover 21.
It is held by an annular cap 211 provided with a zero. The cap 211 is mounted so as to be engageable with the objective lens holding frame 212. Further, as shown in FIG. 31, the transparent protective cover 210 has an observation optical axis 213 and an illumination optical axis 214.
Is attached to the cap 211 at a predetermined angle.

Next, according to FIG.
The path of a light ray passing through 0 will be described. The illumination light having passed through the illumination lens 206 is incident on the objective lens 201 by the polarizing prism 208 and travels to the object plane 205. Here, a part of the illumination light is reflected on the surface of the transparent protective cover 210, and the reflected light is directed in the direction of the dashed arrow in FIG. Then, since this reflected light is incident on the variable power lens 202, it becomes a flare with respect to the observation optical system, and the observation image becomes very difficult for the observer to see.

That is, as described in DE 4413920 A1, even when the normal to the transparent protective cover 210 and the optical axis of the objective lens 201 are at an acute angle, the transparent protective cover 210, the objective lens optical axis, and the illumination optical axis The flare may occur depending on the positional relationship. Further, the drape 209 is usually attached to the surgical microscope immediately before the operation, and is attached by the hand of a user such as a doctor or a nurse. Therefore, the positional relationship between the transparent protective cover 210 and the objective lens (illumination) optical axis. It can be said that there is no such thing to be attached.

Next, an example in which the observation optical axis and the illumination optical axis are coaxially arranged will be described with reference to FIG. The same parts as those in the above-described configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description of the specific configuration will be omitted.

The observation optical axis 213 reflected by the half mirror 216 is the focal point variable objective lens 2 common to the left and right optical paths.
15, polarizing prism 217, zoom lens 220, polarizing prisms 218 and 219, a pair of left and right imaging lenses 221
, And sequentially pass through the eyepiece 204 to perform an enlarged observation of the object plane 205. The illumination lens 206 is disposed above the variable focus position objective lens 215, passes through the half mirror 216, and irradiates the object plane 205. In the figure, the wavy arrow indicates the optical path of the illumination light reflected by the surface of the transparent protective cover 210.

In this case as well, the reflected light of the illumination light is incident on the variable focus position objective lens 215, causing flare. Here, the variable focal length objective lens 2
Reference numeral 15 is common to the left and right optical paths and requires a large lens diameter, so that it is more susceptible to flare due to reflected light.

(Purpose of Supplementary Clauses 14 and 15) Supplementary Note 1
Items 4 and 15 are intended to prevent flare when a drape provided with a transparent protective cover is mounted on an operating microscope.

[0136]

As described above, according to the present invention, the natural movement of the face, such as looking up, nodding, or shaking the head,
Operation input of the electric mechanism can be easily and reliably performed. In addition, since the limbs are not used for the operation input, erroneous operation and interruption of the operation, which are conventional problems, are not caused, and the operation efficiency of the operation can be improved. Further, when performing the operation input, the face is not forced to move unnaturally, so that no extra fatigue is caused.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of a surgical microscope according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a binocular observation column and an input device of the surgical microscope according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an input device of the surgical microscope according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a portion of the input device taken along line III-III in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a portion of the input device taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the lens barrel of the surgical microscope and the internal structure of the binocular observation lens barrel according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of an observation state of an operator on the operating microscope according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of an observation state of an operator on the operating microscope according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of a surgical microscope according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a binocular observation lens barrel and an input device of an operating microscope according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an input device of an operating microscope according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing, on an enlarged scale, a support portion of an operation shaft seat of an input device of an operating microscope according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of the input device taken along line VIII-VIII in FIG. 11;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a visual field moving device in a surgical microscope according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of a surgical microscope according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing a binocular observation column of a surgical microscope and an input device according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an input device of an operating microscope according to a third embodiment.

18 is a partial cross-sectional view of the input device taken along line WW in FIG.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of a schematic configuration of an image switching unit in the operating microscope according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a side view of a mirror body of an operating microscope according to a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a longitudinal sectional view of an input device in a mirror body of a surgical microscope according to a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the vicinity of an objective lens in the mirror body of the surgical microscope according to the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram of a use state of the mirror body of the surgical microscope according to the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a side view of the mirror of the surgical microscope according to the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a longitudinal sectional view of the input device in the mirror body of the surgical microscope according to the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 26 is a bottom view of a drape in the surgical microscope according to the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram of a schematic configuration near a binocular observation lens barrel of a conventional operating microscope.

FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of an observation state of an operator using a conventional operation microscope.

FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram of an observation state of an operator using a conventional surgical microscope.

FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram of a schematic configuration of another conventional operation microscope.

FIG. 31 is an explanatory view of an optical system of another conventional operation microscope.

FIG. 32 is an explanatory view of a schematic configuration of still another conventional operation microscope.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... mirror body, 2 ... stand, 9 ... control circuit, 10 ... binocular observation lens barrel, 11 ... eyepiece part, 12 ... eyepiece part, 13 ... input device, 1
6 operation shaft, 17 ball part, 18 support member, 20 pressure-sensitive switch, 23, 24, 25, 26 micro switch, 28 variable power optical part, 35 variable power motor, 37 focusing motor , D: observation pupil diameter, E, E ': eyepiece optical axis, F, F'
... Eye point, G ... Operation point, H ... Support point.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An operating microscope comprising a lens body, a binocular observation lens barrel, a motorized mechanism, and an input device for inputting an operation of the motorized mechanism, wherein the input device tilts and moves about one point as a fulcrum. The operating point of the operating body is disposed at a position substantially equidistant from the left and right eye points of the binocular observation barrel, at a position facing the forehead of the operator, and connects the operating point and the fulcrum. An operating microscope, wherein a straight line is substantially parallel to an optical axis extending from an eyepiece of the binocular observation lens barrel to an operator's eye.