JPH11141835A - Incinerator for removing harmful material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To surely prevent scattering of harmful materials into the air by providing a removing part for removing harmful materials which are generated in an incinerator, being communicated with the incinerator, and producing an air stream which flows from the incinerator to the removing part by using a negative pressure means so as to constantly keep the inside of the incinerator in a negative pressure condition. SOLUTION: A primary combustion chamber 9 and a drying chamber 10 of an incinerator 2 are constantly maintained so as to have a negative pressure owing to an air circulation system wherein air which has been charged from air inlet ports 6a formed on an incinerator bed 6 is constantly transferred to a direction A by a fan 3 in a removing part 2a. When raw refuse 4 and materials 5 to be burnt are stuffed into the incinerator 2 for combustion, combustion is started from the lower layer portions as air is sucked, so that the upper layer portions turn to be an oxygen deficient condition, resulting in generating large quantity of unburned gases and unburned carbon in the incinerator 2 and thus making a reduced atmosphere. Such unburned gases, unburned carbon and the like in the reduced atmosphere are combusted in a secondary combustion room 11 by means of a burner 12 so as to completely remove harmful materials, thereby exhausting flue gases from a flue gas port 13.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement of an incinerator for removing harmful substances contained in flue gas.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional incinerator, an incinerator is ignited by a burner in the incinerator, and a large amount of air is sent into the incinerator to burn the incinerator. Further, in the conventional incinerator, only the incineration material corresponding to the amount of air that can be sent into the furnace can be introduced into the furnace.

[0003]

However, even if the material to be incinerated is ignited and burned in an incinerator, air does not flow evenly in the material to be incinerated, and every time the material to be incinerated is charged. The combustion temperature in the incinerator decreases, and the incinerated matter is likely to cause incomplete combustion. For this reason, there is a disadvantage that harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and dioxin are generated in large amounts and scattered in the atmosphere. In addition, since air is forcibly sent into the incinerator and the incinerated material is burned in the furnace, the inside of the furnace is pressurized, so partial combustion is intense. There was a drawback that it scattered inside.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an incinerator which removes harmful substances such as carbon monoxide, dioxin and the like which are hardly contained in flue gas and do not scatter harmful substances into the atmosphere. It is the purpose.

[0005]

According to the present invention, there is provided an incinerator for burning a substance to be incinerated, a removal unit for removing harmful substances generated from the incineration unit connected to the incineration unit, and a suction-type negative pressure means or a blast-type negative pressure. A means is provided to create a flow of air from the incineration section to the removal section, so that the inside of the incineration section is always kept in a negative pressure state.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Regarding the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention,
This will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of a toxic substance removing incinerator according to the present invention. The incinerator 1 for removing harmful substances according to the present invention includes an incinerator 2 for incinerating garbage 4 and incineration objects 5 which are general incineration trash, and a removing section 2a for removing harmful substances.

The incineration section 2 of the incinerator 1 for removing harmful substances comprises an ash receiving chamber 8 in which an ash tray 7 for receiving incinerated ash generated by being incinerated in the primary combustion chamber 9 is drawn out, and an incineration object. It comprises a primary combustion chamber 9 provided with a heating burner 12a for burning and incineration 5 and a drying chamber 10 provided above the primary combustion chamber 9. Although FIG. 1 shows the heating burner 12a, the invention is not limited to the burner alone, and a heater may be provided, or other heat source means may be provided. A structure without the heating burner 12a may be employed.

A large number of through holes 10b, 10b, 10b, 10b for taking in air are provided between the combustion chamber 9 and the drying chamber 10.
There is a partition 10a in which b, 10b,... are formed, and the garbage 4 containing a large amount of water is placed on the partition 10a.

The heat of combustion generated by the combustion of the incinerated material 5 is generated by the through holes 10b, 10b, 10b, 10b, 1b.
0b,..., The water in the garbage 4 containing a large amount of water placed on the partition 10a is evaporated and dried. Of course, the incineration unit 2 may have a structure in which the drying chamber 10 is not provided. The structure of the partition 10a may be a dish-shaped partition or a grid-shaped partition.

In order to efficiently incinerate the incinerated material 5 which is general incineration garbage in the combustion chamber 9, the incinerated material 5 is placed at a position near the grate 9a in the primary combustion chamber 9 of the incineration section 2. A heating burner 12a for igniting and heating before incineration is provided. It does not need to be a burner like the heating burner 12a, and may be a heater or other heating means.

Below the grate 9a, an ash tray 7 for receiving incinerated ash generated by incinerating the garbage 4 and the incinerated material 5 is provided in an ash receiving chamber 8. The ash tray 7 inside the ash tray 8 is installed so as to be able to be taken out of the ash receiving chamber 8, so that the ash tray 7 can be taken out and the incineration ash accumulated on the ash tray 7 can be taken out of the incinerator 1.

Instead of the ash tray 7, a vibrating conveyor belt, a rotary conveyor belt, or the like may be provided as a means for carrying out the incinerated ash, and a structure may be employed in which the dropped incinerated ash is taken out by means of suction.

As shown in FIG. 1, the removing section 2 of the incinerator 1
a is a secondary combustion chamber 11 in which a heating burner 12 for incinerating unburned gas discharged from the incineration section 2 is installed;
The ash receiving chamber 8, the primary combustion chamber 9 and the drying chamber 10 of the incineration unit 2 are constituted by a fan 3 which always keeps the inside of the drying chamber 10 in a negative pressure state. Reference numeral 13 denotes a smoke outlet 13 for burning unburned gas by the secondary combustion chamber 11 and discharging the unburned gas into the atmosphere. Of course, the heating burner 12 may be a heater or other heating means.

As a means for keeping the inside of the incineration unit 2 in a negative pressure state, as shown in FIG. 1, a fan 3 is installed in the removal unit 2a, and the fan 3 is rotated to burn hot air in the incineration unit 2. Air is forcibly fed into the smoke stack 3b in the secondary combustion chamber 11 by the suction type negative pressure means for sucking air and bringing the inside of the incineration section 2 into a negative pressure state, and the blower 3a as shown in FIG. There is a ventilation-type negative pressure means that makes the inside of the incineration section 2 a negative pressure state by piggybacking the smoke in the secondary combustion chamber 11 on the flow of the discharged air and discharging the smoke.

In the primary combustion chamber 9 and the drying chamber 10 of the incinerator 2, air intake holes 6a, 6a formed in the hearth 6 are provided.
Since the air taken in from 6a, 6a, 6a,... Is always sent out in the direction of arrow A by the fan 3 of the removing unit 2a, the air is taken into the air intake holes 6a, 6a, 6a,.
6a, 6a → ash receiving chamber 8 → primary combustion chamber 9 → drying chamber 10 → secondary combustion chamber 11 → fan 3 → smoke outlet 13 flows in a certain direction, and the inside of the incineration unit 2 is always under negative pressure. It is kept in. The fan 3 is a suction-type negative pressure means, but may be a blow-type negative pressure means.

The rotation speed of the fan 3 installed in the removal section 2a of the incinerator 1 for removing harmful substances can be adjusted, and by adjusting the rotation speed of the fan 3, the hearth 6 can be adjusted.
The amount of air taken into the ash receiving chamber 8, the primary combustion chamber 9, and the drying chamber 10 from the air intake hole 6a can be finely adjusted. As described above, since the amount of air taken into the incineration unit 2 can be controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the fan 3, oxygen in the incineration unit 2 can be suppressed to a minimum.

When the garbage 4 and the incineration material 5 are filled and burned in the incineration unit 2, the air is burned from the lower part by the amount of the sucked air, and the upper part becomes oxygen-deficient. As a result, a large amount of unburned gas and unburned carbon are generated, and the atmosphere is reduced. Under a reducing atmosphere, it is possible to suppress the generation of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and dioxin. In this reducing atmosphere, oxygen is thin, and when incinerated at 300 ° C. or more and 500 ° C., dioxin, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, Dioxin, NO in flue gas due to thermal decomposition of hydrogen chloride
Toxic substances such as x, SOx, HCL, etc. are extremely reduced.

When the burner 12 ignites unburned gas or unburned carbon in a reducing atmosphere in the secondary combustion chamber 11 and incinerates the unburned gas or unburned carbon at a high temperature of about 800 ° C. or more, The burned gas and unburned carbon are thermally decomposed and removed without generating carbon monoxide or dioxin contained in the unburned gas and unburned carbon, and the exhaust gas 1
From 3, the harmful substances contained in the flue gas are completely removed under the reducing atmosphere and discharged from the flue gas outlet 13.
The burner 12 is not limited to the burner alone, but may be provided with a heater or other heat source means.

The most preferable temperature for incineration in the secondary combustion chamber 11 for removing harmful substances such as carbon monoxide or dioxin is to incinerate at a high temperature of about 800 ° C. or more, and in a reducing atmosphere at this temperature. Harmful substances such as unburned gas and carbon monoxide contained in the flue gas are efficiently thermally decomposed and removed.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention. In the harmful substance removal incinerator 1a of this example, the configuration of the incineration unit 2 is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 1, but the configuration of the removal unit 2a is different. In this example, as a means for bringing the inside of the incineration unit 2 into a negative pressure state, a "blowing negative pressure means" using a blower is employed.

That is, the removing section 2a comprises a secondary combustion chamber 11 provided with a smoke exhaust tube 11a and a burner 12, and a blower 3a having a fan 3 for blowing air therein. The blower 3a is located near the lower end of the smoke stack 11a.
Is disposed so that the tip 3b of the is located. Alternatively, the tip 3b may be located close to the center of the lower end of the smoke stack 11a. The burner 12 is not limited to a burner, and may be a heater or other heating means.

By driving and rotating the fan 3 in the blower 3a, outside air is taken into the blower 3a in the direction of arrow B. When the taken air is sent out to the smoke exhaust tube 11a in the secondary combustion chamber 11, The smoke in the secondary combustion chamber 11 is discharged in the direction shown by the arrow C through the smoke exhaust tube 11a, together with the smoke incinerated by the burner 12 of the secondary combustion chamber 11 from the negative pressure due to the blowing.

In the incinerator 1a for removing harmful substances according to the present embodiment, the removal section 2a connected to the incineration section 2 is provided with smoke composed of unburned gas, unburned carbon and the like containing harmful substances generated in the incineration section 2.
The fan 3 drives the secondary combustion chamber 11 into a smoke exhaust chamber 11a.
And burned in a reducing atmosphere containing harmful substances such as unburned gas and unburned carbon in the secondary combustion chamber 11,
The smoke emitted from the smoke stack 11a, which decomposes and removes harmful substances, is released into the atmosphere.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a third embodiment of the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention. In the harmful substance removal incinerator 1b of this example, two burners 12, 1
2 is a harmful substance removal incinerator 1b having a configuration 2 installed. In this way, by installing and burning two burners 12, 12 in the secondary combustion chamber 11, more efficiently under the reducing atmosphere composed of unburned gas and unburned carbon containing harmful substances in FIG. Incineration and thermal decomposition can be performed at D. In FIG. 3, two burners 1 are provided in the secondary combustion chamber 11.
Although only 2 and 12 are installed, two or more burners may be installed.

In the harmful substance removing incinerator 1b of this embodiment, when the fan 3 is driven and rotated, the smoke in the secondary combustion chamber 11 flows in the direction of arrow A, and the air in the incineration section 2 is emptied by the fan 3 Ash receiving chamber 8 → primary combustion chamber 9 →
It flows from the drying chamber 10 to the secondary combustion chamber 11 in this order. For this purpose, smoke (exhaust gas) containing harmful substances such as unburned gas and unburned carbon filled in the incineration section 2 is taken into the secondary combustion chamber 11 in a negative pressure state, and burners 12. ,
The harmful substances contained in the smoke are incinerated by 12 and discharged from the smoke outlet 13. In this example, suction type negative pressure means is employed.

FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are views showing how air flows into an incineration object when air is blown and air is sucked. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which air flows around the incineration object when the fan 14 is rotated and air is applied to the incineration object to blow air. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state in which the air flows around the incineration object when the fan 14 is rotated and the air is sucked. FIG. 4 shows the flow of air in a conventional incinerator, that is,
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating “when air is supplied”, and FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a flow of air when “when air is supplied” as in the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows the flow of air in a conventional incinerator.
Then, when the air is blown toward the object (incineration object) by the rotation of the fan 14, the air hits the front surface 15a of the object 15 as shown by an arrow E, and the air changes from laminar flow to turbulent flow, and Air does not flow into the back surface 15b of the object (incineration object) 15 by flowing to the lower surface.

For this reason, the air hits only the front surface of the object 15, the air does not hit the back surface 15 b of the object (incineration object) 15, and no new air flows on the back surface of the incineration object 15. However, the back surface 15b of the incinerated material 15 becomes an unburned portion and remains without being incinerated. Due to the pressurization, air does not reach the interior due to pressure loss and blockage due to pressure loss and clogging, and unburned portions remain.

FIG. 5 is a view showing a state in which the air around the incineration object flows when the fan 14 is driven to rotate and the air is sucked. In FIG. 5 showing the flow of air in the harmful substance removal incinerator 1, 1a, 1b of the present invention, air is sucked by the rotation of the fan 14, and the sucked air flows in the direction of arrow F. At this time, new air uniformly hits the entire outer peripheral surface of the front surface 15a, the back surface 15b, the lower surface, and the lower surface of the incinerated material 15. Therefore, if the incinerated material 15 is burned while the air is being sucked, the incinerated material is Numeral 15 indicates a complete combustion. Further, when the incinerated material 15 is burned in a state in which such air is sucked, that is, the inside of the incineration unit 2 is in a negative pressure state, a small amount of air also flows into the void of the incinerated material 20 itself, so that incineration is performed. The product 15 is completely burned without an unburned portion remaining.

FIG. 6 is a table showing the change over time in the temperature in the incinerator of the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, the primary combustion chamber outlet temperature curve 16 is measured at point G in FIG. 2, and the secondary combustion chamber upper temperature curve 17 is measured at point H in FIG.

During the period 18 when the outlet temperature of the primary combustion chamber is lower than 450 ° C., since the harmful substances such as dioxin are contained in the exhaust gas without being decomposed, the burner 12 in the secondary combustion chamber 11 is ignited and the harmful substances are ignited. Burn and remove from smoke.

During the period 19 in which the outlet temperature of the primary combustion chamber is 450 ° C. or more, since the amount of air in the primary combustion chamber 9 is kept to a necessary minimum, the incineration unit 2 is filled with the incineration material 20 completely. When the fuel is burned, it burns from the lower part by the amount of the sucked air, the upper part becomes oxygen-deficient, and the secondary part in the reducing atmosphere where unburned gas and unburned carbon are generated in the primary combustion chamber 9. It is burned in the combustion chamber, and the generation of dioxin and carbon monoxide is suppressed, and these harmful substances are decomposed so that they are not included in the flue gas.

FIG. 7 is a table showing concentrations of dioxins and dibenzofurans and toxic equivalents contained in flue gas of an incinerator in which incinerators are incinerated by the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 7, in the incinerator for removing harmful substances 1, 1a and 1b of the present invention, the toxic equivalent concentration of dioxin is 0.031 ng / m ³ , and said concentration is in December 1997. 0.1ng / m, which is the standard stipulated by the Air Pollution Control Law and the Waste Management Law, which is revised and enforced from 1st
^The result of the measurement that it is less than ³ has been obtained. Dibenzofuran emissions are also very low.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a flow of air in a conventional incinerator, that is, a diagram showing an incinerator and a flow of air in an incinerator having a structure in which air is blown and air is applied to the incinerator. It is. FIG. 9 is a view showing the flow of air in the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention, that is, the flow of air and the incinerator in the incinerator having a structure in which air is sucked and air is applied to the incinerator. FIG.

In the case where the incinerated material 15 is incinerated by blowing air into the incinerated material by a conventional blower or the like, the pulverized incinerated material is required to burn the incinerated material 15 in the combustion chamber 9c of the incinerator 2. The object is ignited and the fan 14
For example, the air is blown 14a and the air is forcibly and directly applied to the incineration object 15 to burn while checking the combustion state. In this way, only the front surface 15a where the air directly hits the incineration object 15 burns well due to the blowing 14a by the blower fan 14. In addition, the air blown by the air blows the front surface 15a of the object to be incinerated.
The combustion portion 15c proceeds slightly but gradually toward the inside of the incineration object 15.

However, the part where the blown air does not hit,
In other words, on the back surface 15b of the incinerated material 15,
The air after burning in 5a is the back surface 15b of the incinerated material.
The turbulence 14b is usually generated behind the incineration object 15 and the air becomes thinner, and even if there is a burning part on the back surface 15b of the incineration object 15, the combustion is transferred to the inside of the object. Since the air is blocked and does not blow so as to proceed, the burning portion does not proceed into the incineration object 15.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 8, most of the incinerated material 15 is not completely burned to ash, and particularly, a large amount of unburned portion 15d remains in the incinerated material 15. As described above, the conventional method of burning by air blowing cannot satisfy the condition of complete combustion, which is generally known as a condition that does not generate harmful substances from the incineration object 15.

However, as shown in FIG. 9, in the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention, air is not directly applied to the incinerated material 15 to burn the incinerated material 15 but the fan 14 is driven and rotated to rotate the air. When the air is sucked into the primary combustion chamber 9 (suction-type negative pressure means), the inside of the incinerator 2 is in a negative pressure state, so that air is taken in from the infinite space outside the inlet. Does not directly hit the incineration material 15,
The air 14c sucked and taken in flows uniformly over the entire outer peripheral surface of the burnable object 15.

For this reason, the incineration material 15 depends on the negative pressure state.
Turbulence does not occur on the back surface 15b of the
The air smoothly flows over the entire outer peripheral surface of the incineration object 15, and a small amount of air flows through the combustion portion on the front surface 15a of the incineration object 15 into the void inside the incineration object 15, so that the air proceeds reliably toward the surroundings and completely. Burn.

Since the inside of the primary incineration chamber 9 is in a negative pressure state and air is taken in (sucked) from the air intake port, not only the entire outer peripheral surface of the incineration object 15 but also the inside of the incineration object 15 is present. The air spreads through the small gap 15e, and the whole is burned evenly from the inside of the incineration object 15 and burned until it completely becomes ash.

For the reasons shown in FIG.
Most of 5 is completely burned to ash, and the incinerated matter is completely burned to ash. As described above, the method of sucking air according to the present invention satisfies the condition of complete combustion, which is generally known as a condition that does not generate harmful substances from the incineration object 15, by the combustion method using a negative pressure state. it can.

Actually, a used accounting slip, about 1 m ×
When a 0.5 m high-quality roll paper, garbage, etc. were densely packed without crushing into the primary combustion chamber 9 of the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention, there was almost no smoke emitted from the chimney. After the incineration of the incinerated material, the incineration ash was completely burned until it turned white. In particular, since a crater-shaped hole was opened in high-quality roll paper with almost no gap, and air passed through the gap, there was no unburned part, and it burned completely and turned into white incinerated ash. Experiments have shown that the combustion method used is much better than the conventional one.

FIGS. 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14
And FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a combustion state of the incineration material in the incineration section of the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention. That is, FIGS. 10 to 15 are diagrams sequentially showing in what state the incinerated material 20 placed in the primary incineration chamber 9 of the present incinerator burns.

The incineration section 2 shown in FIGS. 10 to 15 is an incineration section having no drying chamber 10 and has the same structure as the primary combustion chamber 9 of the incineration section shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. Are divided into a primary combustion chamber 9 and an ash receiving chamber 8 by a grate 9a in which through holes 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b,... Are formed. At the upper end of the primary combustion chamber 9, there is provided a combustion chamber outlet 9d for discharging smoke and a large number of air intake holes 6a, 6a, 6a, 6a, 6a,.
The ash tray 7 for receiving incinerated ash generated by incineration of the incinerated material 20 in the ash receiving chamber 8 between the hearth 6 in which the ash is formed and the grate 9a is provided so as to be able to be taken out. Things.

FIGS. 10 to 15 show the state in which the incineration object 15 is heated and ignited. Therefore, the incineration section 2 shown in FIGS. 11 to 15 shows a heating source such as a heating burner 12a and a heater. Absent.

First, as shown in FIG. 10, the incineration unit 20 is stacked in the primary combustion chamber 9 of the main incineration unit 2, and the lower part of the incineration object 20 is ignited. When ignited, the incinerated material 2
The lower part of 0 is an oxidation combustion part 20b and the through holes 9b, 9b, 9
b, 9b, 9b,... and the oxygen in the air taken in, the incinerated material 20 burns. The oxidation combustion section 20b
There is an unburned portion 20a that does not burn at all.

The combustion chamber outlet 9d formed above the incineration unit 2 is connected to the removal unit 2a for removing harmful substances constituting the harmful substance removal incinerator according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. The air is sucked into the incineration unit 2 by the rotation of the fan 3 provided in the removal unit 2a.

When the hot air in the primary combustion chamber 9 is sucked from the suction port 9d, the inside of the primary combustion chamber 9 is in a negative pressure state, and the air intake holes 6a, 6a, 6a, 6a, 6a,.
Through the through holes 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b, ...
Fresher air is aspirated.

The fresh air passes through the gap between the oxidized combustion part 20b and the unburned part 20a in the incineration material 20, and escapes above the incineration material 20. The fresh air is the incinerated material 2
When passing through the oxidized combustion section 20b at the lower portion of the incinerator 20, the fresh air passing through the incinerated substance 20 promotes oxidative combustion, and also contains plenty of smoke, passes through the unburned section 20a, and Get out upwards.

The harmful substances such as carbon monoxide or dioxin are thermally decomposed in a reducing atmosphere and mixed in a trace amount in the hot air containing plenty of smoke escaping above the incinerated material 20. An unburned gas such as carbon monoxide or dioxin and a small amount of unburned carbon are mixed. The unburned gas that generates harmful substances such as carbon monoxide or dioxin and the hot air containing unburned carbon are thermally decomposed in a reducing atmosphere 21, drift above the incinerated material 20, and remove from the suction port 9 c. 2a.

Next, as shown in FIG.
Ob is supplied with fresh air sucked from the through holes 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b,..., Thereby continuing stable combustion. However, the unburned portion 20a above the oxidized combustion portion 20b loses oxygen by passing through the oxidized combustion portion 20b, and also passes through a reducing atmosphere 21 containing hot air and smoke. The smoked part 20c which is smoked by the oxygen-deficient air containing is gradually formed.

The range of the oxidized combustion section 20b and the smoked section 20c is gradually increased from the lower layer to the upper layer in the incinerated material 20 by air passing through the incinerated material 20.
b and the range of the smoked part 20c is expanded.

Further, as shown in FIG.
When it burns out inside 0b, a white incinerated ash portion 20d is formed in the oxidized combustion portion 20b. The incineration ash 20
d is piled on the ash tray 7 installed in the ash receiving chamber 8 through the through holes 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b,.

Then, as shown in FIG.
As the combustion of 0 progresses, the oxidized combustion section 20b rises so as to penetrate a part of the unburned section 20a and the flammable section 20c.
At this time, as viewed from above the incinerated material 20,
b becomes visible. That is, as shown in FIG. 13, the oxidizing and burning part 20 b and the smoking part 20 c gradually reduce the unburned part 20 a of the incinerated material 20, and
The incineration ash portion 20d is gradually increased in order from the lower layer.

Then, as shown in FIG.
0a and the non-burning part 2c gradually burn.
0a and the smoked part 20c are completely burned. The reducing atmosphere is reduced, and the oxidizing combustion section 20b occupies the majority. In this state, the incinerated material 20 is almost completely burned, and when the incinerated material 20 is viewed from above, the whole is burned red and generates a large amount of heat.

As shown in FIG. 15, when the incinerated material 20 is completely burned out, the incinerated material 20 is entirely white incinerated ash, and an incinerated ash portion 20d is formed. Then, the ash falls into the ash tray 7 in the ash receiving chamber 8 through the through holes 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b, 9b,.

In general, it is said that in order to incinerate the material to be incinerated without generating any harmful substances, it is necessary to burn at a high temperature of about 800 ° C. or more and to burn completely without leaving any cinders.

In the harmful substance removing incinerator 1 of the present invention, the primary combustion chamber 9 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is brought into a negative pressure state, air is sucked by the ejector effect, and the incinerated matter 20 is evenly burned. As shown in FIGS. 10 to 15, the incineration material can be completely burned by the pressure combustion method and the semi-distillation combustion method in which combustion and smoking are simultaneously advanced in the combustion process of the incineration portion. is there.

The reducing atmosphere sent to the removing section 2a from the suction port 9d is reburned at a high temperature in the secondary combustion chamber 11, and contains unburned gas, unburned carbon, organic odor, and the like contained in the reducing atmosphere. Dioxins and the like are thermally decomposed and released into the atmosphere as completely harmless combustion exhaust gas.

FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention. In the incinerator for removing harmful substances of the present example, the tip of the blower tube 23a of the blower 23 is inserted and installed in the flue gas tube 11a in the secondary combustion chamber 11a, and the connecting portion 9e for connecting the incinerator 2 and the removing portion 2a.
This is a structure in which a burner 22 is installed.

In the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present embodiment, the blast from the blower 23 is forcibly sent into the smoke stack 11a.
A method of forcibly discharging smoke from the smoke stack 11a to make the inside of the incineration unit 2 and the removal unit 2a negative pressure, that is, a ventilation type negative pressure means is adopted.

Reference numeral 6b is an air control valve for controlling the air taken in. The air control valve 6b is provided below the hearth 6, and the hearth 6 is moved by moving the air control valve 6b.
The amount of air taken in is adjusted by closing or opening the air intake hole 6a formed in the above. The harmful substance removal incinerator shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 may also be provided with the air control valve 6b.

FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another blowing type negative pressure means (blower type negative pressure means) of the harmful substance removing incinerator according to the present invention. In this blower type negative pressure means, reference numeral 24 denotes a smoke exhaust unit 24 for discharging smoke discharged from an incineration unit or a secondary combustion chamber into the atmosphere, and reference numeral 25 denotes a blower for blowing air from a blower into a smoke exhaust unit 24a. Projection cylinder, reference numeral 26 is an incineration unit,
It is a connection part connected to the secondary combustion chamber.

In the blower type negative pressure means, the air forced from the blower from the inside of the projecting cylinder 25a of the projecting cylinder 25 connected to the blower is discharged into the smoke exhaust section 24 of the smoke exhaust section 24.
4a, the gas is forcibly discharged from the smoke exhaust port 24b. At that time, since the inside of the smoke stack 24a is in a negative pressure state, the smoke generated by the incineration in the incineration section, the secondary combustion chamber, etc., is connected. After being sucked from the suction port 26a of the part 26 into the smoke exhaust tube 24a, the smoke (exhaust gas) is discharged to the smoke exhaust port 24b.
Is forcibly released into the atmosphere.

In FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 16 showing the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention, it seems that one removing unit 2a is provided continuously. It is good also as a structure which installed two or more in incineration part 2.

FIG. 18 is a view showing a cyclone which is attached in place of the removing section of the toxic substance removing incinerator according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the cyclone 27 has a shape in which a lower portion is formed in a tapered shape.

The cyclone 27 may be connected to the incineration unit 2 instead of the removal unit 2a. Smoke (exhaust gas) generated from the incineration section 2 flows into the cyclone 27a. The dust contained in the smoke that has flowed into the cyclone 27a falls into the dust catcher 27c, and the removed smoke is discharged to the smoke stack 2
8 to the atmosphere.

The smoke that has been removed from the dust is released into the atmosphere only when the dust that is forcibly sent out from the end of the blower pipe 29 into the smoke stack 28 is removed from the dust in the cyclone 27a. Is sucked into the smoke stack 28 and released to the atmosphere. When the dedusted smoke is forcibly released,
The inside of the incineration section 2 is also in a negative pressure state in order to suck the incineration smoke in the incineration section 2 into the inside of the cyclone 27a, so that the air intake hole formed in the hearth 6 is formed. Fresh air containing oxygen is taken into the incinerator 2 from 6a.

[0070]

Since the present invention has the above-described configuration, the following effects can be obtained. First, by controlling the amount of air in the primary combustion chamber, the primary combustion chamber is brought into a reducing atmosphere to suppress the generation of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and dioxin.
0 ° C or higher, upper layer at 300 ° C or higher and 500 ° C in a reducing atmosphere
The above harmful substances can be completely thermally decomposed and removed by burning at the temperature.

Secondly, the primary combustion chamber is heated, and the flue gas is incinerated in the secondary combustion chamber, whereby harmful substances contained in the flue gas are thermally decomposed at 800 ° C. or more, and smoke and deodorization are performed. Is done efficiently.

Third, incineration is performed at 800 ° C. or more by a suction type negative pressure means, a ventilation type negative pressure means, etc., and the exhaust gas (smoke) is mixed with the air sent by the above means and cooled.
Since the exhaust gas has a temperature of 00 ° C. or more, dioxin and the like are not generated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of a toxic substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of a third embodiment of the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a flow of air in a conventional incinerator.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a flow of air in a toxic substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a table showing time-dependent changes in the temperature in the incineration section of the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a table showing the concentrations of dioxins and dibenzofurans and the toxic equivalents contained in flue gas of an incinerator in which incinerators are incinerated by the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a flow of air in a conventional incinerator.

FIG. 9 is a view showing a flow of air in a toxic substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a view showing a combustion state of an incineration object in an incineration section of the harmful substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a view showing a combustion state of an incineration object in an incineration section of the harmful substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a view showing a combustion state of an incineration object in an incineration section of the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a view showing a combustion state of an incinerated substance in an incineration section of the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a view showing a combustion state of an incinerated substance in an incineration section of the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a view showing a combustion state of an incineration object in an incineration section of the harmful substance removing incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another structure of the blast-type negative pressure means of the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a view showing a cyclone which is attached in place of the removing section of the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 to 1b incinerator for removing harmful substances 2 incinerator 2a removing unit 3 fan 3a blower 4 garbage 5 incinerated material 6 hearth 6a air intake hole 6b air control valve 7 ash tray 8 ash receiving chamber 9 primary combustion chamber 9a fire Lattice 9b Through hole 9c Combustion chamber 9d Suction port 9e Connection part 10 Drying chamber 10a Partition 10b Through hole 11 Secondary combustion chamber 11a Smoke stack 12 Burner 12a Heating burner 13 Smoke outlet 14 Fan 14a Blow 14b Turbulence 14c Suction air 15 objects (Incinerated material) 15a Front surface 15b Back surface 15c Burning part 15d Unburned part 15e Gap 16 Primary combustion chamber exit temperature curve 17 Secondary combustion chamber upper temperature curve 18 Period of less than 450 degrees 19 Period of 450 degrees or more 20 Objects to be incinerated 20a Unburned section 20b Oxidized combustion section 20c Smoke section 20d Incinerated ash section 21 Under reducing atmosphere 22 Burner 2 3 Blower 24 Smoke exhaust unit 24a Inside the smoke exhaust unit 25 Projecting cylinder 25a Inside the projecting cylinder 26 Connection 26a Suction port 27 Cyclone 27a Inside the cyclone 27b Lower part 27c Dust pan 28 Smoke exhaust pipe 29 Air blower pipe

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. An incineration section for burning incinerators, a removal section for removing harmful substances generated from the incineration section is connected to the incineration section. A harmful substance removal incinerator characterized in that a flow of air is created and the inside of the incineration section is always kept under a negative pressure. 2. An incineration unit comprising an incineration unit including a primary combustion chamber for burning the incineration material and an ash receiving chamber having an ash tray for receiving incineration ash generated by incineration of the incineration material in the primary combustion chamber. Harmful substance removal and incineration, characterized in that a removal section comprising a secondary combustion chamber in which a burner for removing harmful substances to be removed is installed and a fan for sucking and discharging hot air from the secondary combustion chamber is connected. Furnace. 3. A heating burner for heating an object to be incinerated is provided in a primary combustion chamber of an incineration section.
Hazardous substance removal incinerator as described. 4. The incinerator according to claim 2, wherein a drying chamber is provided above the primary combustion chamber. 5. The incinerator for removing harmful substances according to claim 2, wherein one or more burners are provided in the secondary combustion chamber of the removing section. 6. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the rotation speed of the fan of the removing unit can be adjusted.
Or the incinerator for removing harmful substances according to 5. 7. The incinerator for removing harmful substances according to claim 1, wherein the ash tray can be taken in and out. 8. A removing section in which a removing section is installed such that a tip end of a blower is located at a position near a center of a lower end of the above-mentioned exhaust pipe in a secondary combustion chamber provided with a burner and having a burner therein. Claims 2, 3, 4, 5,
6. The incinerator for removing harmful substances according to 6 or 7.