JPH11200760A - Shaft excavation unit and shaft excavation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the efficiency of shaft excavation. SOLUTION: The excavation unit 10 is equipped with a support base 12, upper and lower cylinders 14, 16, an excavator 18, a suction pipe 20 (20a), and a mortar pressure feed pipe 22. The support base 12 is furnished with a gripper 12b that presses the inside wall 30 of a shaft 24. The cylinder 14 penetrates the center of the support basel 2 and is supported movably vertically. The cylinder 16 is connected rotatably to the lower end of the cylinder 14, has a cutting bit 50 at the lower end and an opening at the side, and is driven to rotation. The excavator is provided horizontally on the side of the cylinder 16, the discharge opening of a sand transport route is arranged in a manner of fronting the opening and is driven into rotation while swiveling together with the cylinder 16. A pipe 20 is penetrated into the cylinders 14, 16, and a suction opening is arranged in a manner of fronting the discharge opening of the excavator 18. A pressure feed pipe 22 is attached to the circumference of the pipe 20, and the head is arranged so as to face the inside wall 30 penetrating at the upper side of the opening 16a.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vertical hole excavator and a vertical hole excavation method, and more particularly, to a vertical hole excavator and a vertical hole excavation method suitable for constructing a deep foundation method, a shaft, a manhole, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As an excavation method of a vertical hole used in a deep foundation method, for example, a steel ring beam and a steel plate are used, or a liner plate is used to perform a burring operation on an inner wall surface of the vertical hole. A method of performing excavation work mainly in the vertical direction mainly by human power is known.

In such a vertical hole excavation method, when a vertical hole is excavated to a predetermined depth, a reinforcing member such as a reinforcing bar is assembled along an inner wall surface of the vertical hole, and concrete is poured in while removing a retaining member. Thus, a liner layer is formed.

[0004] However, such a vertical hole excavation method has a problem that the excavation work and the removal work of the excavated earth and sand mainly depend on human power, so that the excavation efficiency is poor and the work becomes difficult at a large depth. there were.

Accordingly, the present applicant has developed a vertical hole excavator capable of excavating a vertical hole and collecting and discharging excavated earth and sand as a series of operations, and has already proposed it in Japanese Patent Application No. 8-218361.

However, according to subsequent studies, there is room for improvement in the point described below in the vertical hole excavator according to the above-mentioned application.

[0007]

That is, in the vertical hole excavator according to the above-mentioned application, the steps from excavation to earth removal are:
Although it can be performed in a series of work, when forming a liner layer on the excavation wall surface, after excavating to a predetermined depth with a vertical hole drilling equipment, remove the excavator and do not spray mortar or concrete Therefore, the removal and re-installation of the excavator and the installation and removal of the spraying device require time and effort, and the work efficiency is reduced.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a vertical hole drilling apparatus and a vertical hole drilling method capable of improving work efficiency. .

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to a vertical hole excavator, comprising: a support having a plurality of grippers projecting radially from the center of the vertical hole and pressing an inner wall surface of the vertical hole. Penetrating the center of the support,
An upper tubular body movably supported on the support base and vertically connected to a lower end of the upper tubular body so as to be rotatable, a cutting bit is provided at a lower end, and an opening for sediment intake is provided on a side portion. A lower cylinder that is driven to rotate, and extends horizontally along a side of the lower cylinder, and is disposed such that a discharge side of a transport path for excavated soil faces the opening.
An excavator that is rotationally driven while rotating together with the lower cylinder, and a suction pipe that is installed through the upper and lower cylinders and is arranged so that a suction port faces the discharge port through the opening. A mortar or concrete pumping pipe which is attached to the outer periphery of the suction pipe and whose tip end is arranged to pass through the lower cylinder at the upper side of the opening and to face the inner wall surface. According to the vertical hole excavator configured as described above, the excavation of the earth and sand is performed by rotating the lower cylinder and the rotation of the excavator, and the excavated earth and sand is discharged by the suction pipe. And the mortar or concrete is sprayed on the inner wall surface of the excavated vertical hole by a pressure pipe to form the liner layer, so that the liner layer can be formed without removing or re-installing the drilling equipment . Here, the excavator in the excavator of the present invention will be described in detail. As the excavator of the present invention, for example, a helical drum type excavator can be suitably used. Generally, a helical drum is a member in which a plate member such as a steel plate is spirally mounted around a central axis, so that the outer peripheral envelope has a cylindrical shape as a whole. Equipment having a structure capable of sending waste materials and the like through a spirally-conveying path, for example, an asphalt mixture leveling device in an asphalt finisher, and a crushed road in pavement surface crushing work. A material used as a material accumulating device can be partially modified and used in the present invention. The helical drum excavator transports the earth and sand excavated by a bit attached around a helical plate member or a cutter head arranged at the tip of the helical drum in the extension direction along with the rotation of the helical drum. They are arranged so as to be sequentially sent out to the opening side of the lower cylinder through a road. The suction pipe may be provided with a compressed air injection nozzle at a bent portion. According to this configuration, when the excavated sediment is a viscous soil system, it is possible to prevent the excavated sediment from adhering to the bent portion of the suction pipe and closing the pipe. Further, in the present invention, in the vertical hole excavation method, a reaction force is applied to the inner wall surface of the vertical hole to be excavated,
A vertical hole drilling device having a lower cylinder rotatably connected to the tip end of an upper cylinder supported movably up and down is installed in a pre-drilled preliminary vertical hole, and is provided at the tip of the lower cylinder. A step of excavating a cylindrical vertical hole by rotation of an arranged cutting bit and rotation of an excavator provided on the side of the lower cylinder while rotating, and transport of excavated earth and sand of the excavator A step of discharging excavated earth and sand by a suction pipe installed facing the road, and a step of forming a lining layer by spraying mortar mixed with a quick-setting agent on the inner wall surface of the vertical hole after excavating the vertical hole. The excavation step and the step of forming the lining layer proceed almost simultaneously. According to the vertical hole excavation method constructed in this way, from the excavation of earth and sand to the earth removal can be performed in a series of steps, and a mortar or concrete liner layer on the inner wall surface of the excavated vertical hole, almost simultaneously with the excavation Can be formed.

[0010]

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 to 5 show an embodiment of a vertical hole excavator and an excavation method according to the present invention.

A vertical drilling apparatus 10 shown in FIG.
2, an upper cylinder 14, a lower cylinder 16, an excavator, for example, a helical drum excavator 18, a suction pipe 20, and a pressure pipe 22.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the support 12 is
A support gantry 12a arranged approximately at the center of the excavated vertical hole 24, and 12 along the circumferential direction of the support gantry 12a
It has three grippers 12b provided to project radially at equal angular intervals of 0 degrees.

The support gantry 12a is formed in a three-pronged shape having an arc portion on the outer periphery, and a guide sleeve 12c having both ends opened is fixed at the center thereof in the vertical direction.
An upper cylindrical body 14 is installed in the guide sleeve 12c so as to be slidable in the vertical direction.

A scaffold net 26 on which a worker can ride is stretched on the side of the support base 12a.
The gripper 12b presses the inner wall surface 30 of the vertical hole 24 via the formed lining layer 28 to take a reaction force on the inner wall surface 30, and includes a pressing plate 120b abutting on the lining layer 28; And a pressing jack 121b for bringing the 120b into and out of contact with the lining layer 28.

Further, the support base 12 has an upper cylindrical body 14
One end of a telescopic jack 32 for vertically moving the lower cylindrical body 16 is fixed, and a rotating motor 34 for rotating and driving the lower cylindrical body 16 is vertically fixed below the one end.

The upper cylinder 14 has a diameter of, for example, 50 cm.
A hollow cylindrical body having a length of about 1.5 m and open at both ends, the movable end side of the telescopic jack 32 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface thereof, and the telescopic jack 32 is driven to form the guide sleeve 12c. It moves up and down along.

A guide rod support plate 36 protruding outward is provided at the upper end opening edge of the upper cylindrical body 14, and the guide rod support plate 36 has a guide rod 38 extending downward. Is attached, and the guide rod 38 is attached to the support base 12a.
By being fitted and inserted into the guide holes provided in the lower cylindrical body, corotation when rotating the lower cylindrical body 16 is prevented.

The lower cylindrical body 16 is a cylindrical body having the same diameter as the upper cylindrical body 14 and having both ends opened. The lower cylindrical body 16 is rotated by a bearing mechanism 40 interposed between an upper end portion and a lower end portion of the upper cylindrical body 14. An outwardly protruding flange 44 is integrally formed on the rotating sleeve 42 of the bearing mechanism 40 movably connected to the lower cylinder 16 and fixed to the lower cylinder 16 side.

A turning gear 46 is provided on the outer end surface of the flange 44.
The driving gear 48 fixed to the rotating shaft of the rotating motor 34 meshes with the turning gear 46. At the lower end of the lower cylindrical body 16, a cutting bit 50 for excavating substantially the center of the bottom surface of the vertical hole 24 in advance is fixed.

The cutting bit 50 has an auger bit 52 formed so that the tip side protrudes downward, and has a substantially cross-shaped plane.

Further, an opening 16a is formed in a side portion of the lower cylindrical body 16 so as to penetrate therethrough.
A revolving casing 53 is provided on the outer periphery of the lower cylindrical body 16 except for a.

The helical drum excavator 18 has a lower cylinder 1
6 and extends along the horizontal direction, and is disposed such that the discharge side of the excavated earth and sand transport path faces the opening 16a.

The helical drum excavator 18 of the present embodiment has
As shown in FIGS.
It is configured to be supported by a support bracket 54 fixedly mounted on the outer peripheral surface of the lower cylindrical body 16 and to rotate with the rotation of the lower cylindrical body 16.

The helical cam excavator 18 includes a rotary drive motor 18a, a rotary cylinder 18b fixed to the rotation shaft of the drive motor 18a, a helical vane 18c fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary cylinder 18b, And a cutting blade 18d provided on the tip side of the cylindrical body 18b.

The helical vane 18c is formed by fixing a plate-shaped member spirally around the outer periphery of the rotary cylinder 18b.
Each of the helical vane 18c and the cutting blade 18d is provided with a number of bits 18e.

In the helical drum excavator 18 configured as described above, the outer envelope of the helical vane 18c has a cylindrical shape, and by rotating the rotary cylinder 18b in one direction, the earth and sand excavated by the bit 18e is removed. From the distal end to the proximal end, and the helical vane 18c
The gap between them is the transport path.

That is, in the case of this embodiment, the rotating cylinder 1
The base end of 8b is the discharge side of the transport path, and the opening 16a of the lower cylindrical body 16 is provided so as to face this discharge side.

The suction pipe 20 includes the upper and lower cylinders 1
6, 16 and the suction port at the tip thereof is provided on the discharge side of the transfer path of the helical drum excavator 18 which is installed so that a part thereof enters the lower cylindrical body 16 through the opening 16a. They are arranged close to each other.

The suction pipe 20 is composed of a hard pipe 20a, such as a steel pipe, disposed on the distal end side, and a relatively soft blower pipe 20b, such as a pressure hose, to which the hard pipe 20a is rotatably connected. Have been.

The hard tube 20a is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the lower cylinder 16 and rotates together with the lower cylinder 16. On the other hand, the ventilation pipe 20b extends to the upper end side of the vertical hole 24,
Is suspended and supported by a tower 56 standing upright and connected to a suction wheel 58 installed on the ground.

A plurality of compressed air injection nozzles 60 are installed in the suspended and bent portion of the air duct 20b, and each of the injection nozzles 60 is provided with a compressor 62 for supplying compressed air.
It is connected to the.

The support base 1 of the excavator 10 described above
2a, the gripper 12b can be moved up and down by a winch 64 attached to the tower 56 in a state where the gripper 12b is separated from the lining layer 28.

In the case of this embodiment, the pressure feeding pipe 22 is provided so as to be wound around the outer periphery of the hard pipe 20a of the suction pipe 20, and the leading end joining pipe 22a and the joining pipe 22
It is composed of a mortar pressure feed pipe 22b, a quick-setting agent supply pipe 22c, and a compressed air supply pipe 22d that branch off from the middle of the line a.

A mixing pump 66 is connected to the upper end of the mortar pumping pipe 22b.
Mortar or concrete for forming the lining layer 28 is supplied to 6 via a mixer 68.

A quick-setting agent adding device 70 is connected to the upper end side of the quick-setting agent supply pipe 22c. The compressed air supply pipe 22d is
Connected to compressor 62. The distal end side of the merging pipe 22a protrudes outside through a through-hole formed through the lower cylindrical body 16, and the outlet at the foremost point is directed toward the inner wall surface 30 of the vertical hole 24.

The projecting position of the merging pipe 22a with respect to the lower cylindrical body 16 is a position shifted 180 degrees in the circumferential direction so as to oppose the position where the suction pipe 20 faces the opening 14a, and is further than the opening 14a. The position is separated upward by a predetermined length.

The member indicated by reference numeral 72 in FIG. 1 is an underground air supply pipe extending in the depth direction of the vertical hole 24,
A blower 74 is connected to the pipe 72. Reference numeral 76 denotes an intercom used for communication between an underground worker and the outside.

Reference numeral 80 denotes a pressing jack 121.
b, telescopic jack 32, rotary motor 34, motor 18a
Reference numeral 82 denotes a hydraulic unit for supplying oil as a drive source for the jack or the motor, all of which are installed on the ground side.

Next, a method of excavating the vertical hole 24 using the vertical hole excavator 10 having the above configuration will be described. When excavating the vertical hole 24, first, as shown in FIG. 1, a preliminary vertical hole having a depth substantially equivalent to the vertical length of the vertical hole excavator 10 is excavated in advance, and an annular lining plate 78 is formed on the inner surface thereof. Is installed.

Then, the vertical hole excavator 10 is installed inside the lining plate 78, the pushing jack 121b of the gripper 12b is extended, and the contact plate 120b is pressed against the lining plate 78, and the lining plate 7 is pressed.
The support gantry 12a is fixed by taking a reaction force on the excavation wall surface 30 indirectly via 8.

When the fixing of the support base 12a is completed, the telescopic jack 32 is driven to move the upper cylindrical body 14 downward, and the rotary motor 34 is brought into contact with the cutting bit 50 in contact with the bottom surface of the vertical hole 24. To excavate the ground by rotating the cutting bit 50 through the lower cylindrical body 16.
The telescopic jack 32 is configured to always apply an urging force to move the upper cylindrical body 14 downward during the excavation of the ground.

When the lower cylinder 16 is rotated, the helical drum excavator 18 and the suction pipe 2 are rotated in the same direction as the rotation direction.
0, the tip side of the pressure feed pipe 22 rotates together. In the case of the present embodiment, since the pressure feeding pipe 22 is wound around the outer circumference of the suction pipe 20, the rotation direction at this time is rotated 360 degrees in a direction in which the winding of the pressure feeding pipe 22 is loosened, and then reversed. 36 in the direction
The rotation of rotating 0 degrees is repeated.

The pressure feed pipe 22 does not necessarily need to be wound around the outer circumference of the suction pipe 20.
May be attached along the longitudinal direction of the lower cylinder 16. In this case, the rotation of the lower cylindrical body 16 does not need to be limited to the above-described state.

When excavation of the ground by the cutting bit 50 proceeds and the helical drum excavator 18 reaches the bottom of the vertical hole 24, the motor 18a is driven to rotate in one direction. When the motor 18a is driven to rotate, the ground is excavated by the bit 18e, and the excavated soil slope is conveyed to the base end side of the rotary cylinder 18b via the conveyance path between the helical vanes 18c.

In this case, the earth and sand excavated by the cutting bit 50 accumulates so as to rise to the outer peripheral side of the cutting bit 50.
8 rotates, the rotary cylinder 18
b.

Since the suction port of the suction pipe 20 is disposed in this portion of the earth and sand sent out to the discharge side of the transport path in this manner, if the suction wheel 58 is started, the suction port is moved from the suction port to the inside. It is sucked, housed in the tank of the suction wheel 58, and discharged outside.

In this case, if the excavated soil is a viscous soil system, the compressed air is injected from the injection nozzle 60 through the compressor 62 so that the soil adheres to the bent portion of the suction pipe 20. It is also possible to prevent the occurrence of blockage in the tube.

As described above, when the excavation of the vertical hole 24 progresses and the tip side of the pumping pipe 22 reaches below the lining plate 78, the mixing pump 66 and the quick-setting agent adding device 70 are driven to drive the mortar pumping pipe 22b. And the mortar or concrete, and the quick-setting agent is supplied via a quick-setting agent supply pipe 22c.

The mortar and the quick-setting agent supplied into each tube are mixed in the confluence tube 22a, and the compressed air supply tube 22d
Is sprayed from the end of the merging pipe 22a to the inner wall surface 30 of the vertical hole 24 together with the compressed air supplied from the mortar, and the mortar or the like is rapidly hardened after being sprayed, whereby the lining layer 28 having a predetermined thickness is formed.

In this case, since the pressure-feeding pipe 22 rotates together with the lower cylindrical body 16, the lining layer 28 is formed in an annular shape so as to cover the entire inner circumference of the inner wall surface 30 with this rotation. Is done.

When such excavation and discharge of earth and sand and formation of the lining layer 28 progress, and the telescopic jack 32 is fully extended to the maximum extension position, excavation, discharge of earth and sand and formation of the lining layer 28 are stopped. Gripper abutment plate 120b
Is separated from the lining plate 78 and the winch 6
By the operation of 4, the excavator 10 is moved downward by a distance corresponding to the jack stroke of the telescopic jack 32.

After the contraction of the telescopic jack 32, the reaction force of the gripper 12b is applied to the inner wall surface 30 via the formed lining layer 28, and the above-described operation is sequentially repeated, and the predetermined operation is repeated. Lining layer 28 to depth
Is formed, the excavation of the vertical hole 24 is completed.

According to the vertical hole drilling apparatus 10 and the vertical hole drilling method configured as described above, the earth and sand is excavated by the rotation of the lower cylindrical body 16 and the rotation of the helical drum excavator 18. Is discharged by the suction pipe 20, so that excavation to earth removal can be performed in a series of steps.
The mortar or concrete is sprayed on the inner wall surface 30 of the excavated vertical hole 24 by the pressure pipe 22 to form the liner layer 2.
The formation of the liner layer 28 enables the formation of the liner layer 28 without removing or replacing the excavator.

In the excavation method of the present invention, the mortar or concrete liner layer 28 is formed on the inner wall surface 30 of the excavated vertical hole 24 almost simultaneously with the excavation, so that the construction efficiency is greatly improved. And the stability of the excavated inner wall surface 30 can be ensured immediately after excavation.

In the excavation method shown in the above embodiment, for example, starting and stopping of each jack is performed, for example, as shown in FIG.
As shown in the figure, the worker gets on the scaffold net 26, sequentially checks the situation at the site, and through the interphone 76,
The instruction can be given by transmitting the instruction to the ground side, or can be given by remote control of this worker.

Further, for example, by attaching a sensor such as a proximity switch to the telescopic jack 32 and detecting the current position of the jack 32, control of the motors 34 and 18a is programmed in advance, and according to this program. It is also possible to control.

[0057]

As explained in detail in the above embodiments, according to the vertical hole drilling apparatus and the vertical hole drilling method according to the present invention, the vertical hole drilling, the discharge of earth and sand, and the formation of the lining layer can be performed in a series of steps. , Work efficiency is greatly improved.

Further, according to the configuration of the second aspect, it is possible to effectively prevent blockage of the excavated earth and sand of the cohesive soil system in the pipe.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a vertical hole drilling apparatus and a vertical hole drilling method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing one structural example of a helical drum used in the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Vertical hole drilling apparatus 12 Support stand 12b Gripper 14 Upper cylinder 16 Lower cylinder 16a Opening 18 Helical drum excavator 20 Suction pipe 22 Pumping pipe 24 Vertical hole 28 Lining layer 30 Inner wall surface 32 Telescopic jack 34 Rotation motor

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Hiroshi Koyama 2-3 Kandajicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Tokyo Main Office (72) Inventor Atsushi Takeda 2-3 Kandajicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Obayashi Corporation Tokyo Main Office (72) Inventor Yukinobu Yamamoto 2-3 Kandajicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Obayashi Corporation Tokyo Main Office (72) Inventor Kenjiro Fujita 1-10-4 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama Tokyo Machinery Obayashi Corporation In-plant (72) Inventor Shoichi Shiina 1-10-4 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A support base having a plurality of grippers projecting radially from a center of a vertical hole and pressing an inner wall surface of the vertical hole, penetrating a center of the support base, and supported by the support base so as to be vertically movable. The upper cylindrical body, rotatably connected to the lower end of the upper cylindrical body, provided with a cutting bit at the lower end, provided with an opening for sediment intake on the side, the lower cylindrical body is driven to rotate Along the side of the lower cylinder extending along the horizontal direction, the discharge side of the excavated earth and sand transport path is disposed so as to face the opening, and is rotationally driven while rotating with the lower cylinder. An excavator; a suction pipe penetratingly installed in the upper and lower cylinders; a suction pipe disposed so that a suction port faces the discharge port through the opening; and a tip attached to an outer periphery of the suction pipe. Side is the upper side of the opening and the lower cylinder Vertical hole drilling apparatus characterized by penetrating to having a pumping tube arranged sprayed mortar or concrete so as to direct the inner wall surface. 2. The vertical hole excavator according to claim 1, wherein the suction pipe is provided with a compressed air injection nozzle at a bent portion. 3. A reaction force is applied to the inner wall surface of the excavated vertical hole,
A multi-drilling machine equipped with a lower cylinder body rotatably connected to the tip end of an upper cylinder body that is vertically movably supported is installed in a preliminary vertical hole that has been excavated in advance. A step of excavating a cylindrical vertical hole by rotation of an arranged cutting bit and rotation of an excavator provided on the side of the lower cylinder while rotating, and transport of excavated earth and sand of the excavator Discharging the excavated earth and sand by a suction pipe installed facing the road; and, after excavating the vertical hole, spraying mortar or concrete mixed with a quick-setting agent on the inner wall surface of the vertical hole to form a lining layer. The excavation step and the step of forming the lining layer are performed substantially simultaneously.