JPH1122375A - Tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Problem] To provide a tunnel excavator with a gripper device that operates to ensure a sufficient excavation reaction force even in a soft rocky mountain. SOLUTION: A gripper device of a tunnel excavator is supported by a plurality of hydraulic jacks 20 disposed in the front-rear direction of the tunnel excavator, and the hydraulic jack 20 is operated so that a protrusion amount of a front end 10a becomes a rear end 10b. A grip shoe 10 which is turned to be large to press against the ground,
The front end 10a and the rear end 10b of the gripper shoe 10 are
A spacer guide 33 is provided which is supported via an arc-shaped sliding contact surface 14 in plan view to transmit the propulsion reaction force to the ground side, and guides the rotation of the gripper shoe 10 during the rotation operation.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator and, more particularly, to a tunnel excavator having a gripper device which is effective for performing tunnel excavation in a mountain where rock quality changes from hard rock to soft rock. The present invention relates to a gripper device to be mounted on the gripper.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) is a construction method suitable for tunnel excavation of a ground made of hard rock (hard rock).
There is a tunnel excavation method. According to this TBM,
Carbide cutters arranged on the cutter face in front of the excavator enable efficient excavation in hard rock grounds in all cross-sectional shapes. The shell of this TBM is composed of a front torso equipped with a front gripper and a rear torso equipped with a main gripper. Part is fixed to the ground, the ground face is excavated with the cutter face on the front, the thrust reaction force at the time of excavation is taken to the ground side with the main gripper, and the thrust jack installed in the torso is extended to extend the front body To move forward. This TBM realizes extremely high performance and economical tunnel excavation in high quality rock such as hard rock.

[0003] Incidentally, the rock formation in Japan has a new generation age of rock formation as compared with Europe and the United States, so that the rock quality often changes from hard rock to soft rock in the tunnel section where construction is planned. For this reason, a composite geological type model has been developed which excavates a high-quality bedrock as a TBM that can be adapted to a case where such a change in rocky quality is expected, and also enables excavation of a soft stratum.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an overall view of an example of a conventional complex geological type TBM 50. As shown in FIG. This kind of TBM50
Is composed of a front body 51 having a cutter face C on the front surface, and a rear body 52 connected by a thrust jack (not shown). A front gripper device 53 is provided at an outer peripheral position of the skin plate 56 of the front body portion 51, and a main gripper device 54 having a square grounding surface is provided at a side surface position of the outer peripheral surface of the skin plate 56 of the rear body portion 52. ing. The TBM 50 shown in FIG. 8 operates the above-described main gripper device 54 to obtain the thrust of the excavation by operating the thrust jack (not shown) when excavating in the high-quality rock, while the main gripper when excavating the soft rock layer. When the thrust reaction force is insufficiently supported by the device 54 alone, the TBM5 is used in conjunction with the operation of the main gripper device 54.
With the excavation of 0, a reaction force for excavation is taken from the invert liner (or segment) 55 sequentially constructed behind the TBM 50. For example, as an example of a tunnel excavator equipped with this type of gripper device, one of the applicants has proposed a tunnel excavator described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-32319.

Next, the configuration and operation of the main gripper device 54 will be described with reference to FIG. Main gripper device 54
In the initial state, as shown in FIG. 9A, the gripper shoe 60 is retracted into the torso (skin plate 56) and stored as shown in FIG. 9A. A frame-shaped gripper casing 57 is fixed inside the skin plate 56. The gripper shoe 60 in a retracted state is accommodated in the gripper casing 57. This gripper shoe 60
One end of the cylinder 59 of the hydraulic jack 58 fixed to the fixed portion inside the TBM 50 is pushed out from the outer peripheral surface position of the skin plate 56 toward the tunnel ground surface 70 side as shown in FIG. By pressing the ground surface 70 with the pressing force, the thrust reaction force at the time of excavation of the TBM 50 is secured.

[0006]

By the way, in the TBM shown in FIG. 8, even when excavating a soft layer, a reaction force from the ground through the main gripper device and a reaction force from an invert liner (not shown) are required. Although it is designed to excavate together with the force, if the ground surface of the tunnel is soft and the frictional force between the main gripper device and the main gripper device is not sufficient, even if the main gripper device is pressed against the tunnel ground surface A sufficient ground reaction force cannot be obtained only by the gripper shoe sunk into the soft ground surface, and the gripper surface slides between the ground surface and the ground during excavation, and the thrust reaction force cannot be sufficiently secured. For this reason, an excessive reaction force must be imposed on an invert liner (segment) not shown. For this reason, in a TBM that excavates a tunnel section in which a hard rock layer and a soft layer coexist, it is necessary to provide a plurality of reaction force jacks and other equipment, and the mechanism becomes complicated, and it is necessary to increase the rigidity of the invert liner. In addition, the cost of the entire apparatus and the supporting member also increases. Also, there has been proposed a device in which a plurality of rod-like spike members are protruded from a gripper face to enhance gripping ability in a soft layer (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-286493). However, this device has a problem that the spike member is excessively bent at the time of excavation, and the spike member is deformed, so that the spike member cannot be smoothly expanded and contracted.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to provide a tunnel provided with a gripper device capable of tunneling a wide range of rocks from a hard rock to a soft rock. To provide an excavator.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a gripper shoe of a gripper device protruding from a rear trunk shell by a predetermined amount to press a ground to obtain a propulsion reaction force. In a tunnel excavator that excavates while excavating the entire section of the tunnel face with the cutter face on the front of the front trunk,
The gripper device is supported by a plurality of driving means disposed in the front-rear direction of the tunnel excavator, and a predetermined expansion / contraction or rotation operation is imparted by operating the driving means, and at that time the tunnel face side A gripper shoe that can protrude from the rear trunk so that the front end protrudes larger than the rear end, and an arc-shaped sliding contact surface in a plan view of the front end and the rear end of the gripper shoe. And a spacer guide for transmitting the propulsion reaction force toward the ground and supporting the expansion / contraction or rotation operation.

At this time, it is preferable that the gripper shoe has an irregular surface on its outer surface. Further, it is preferable that the uneven shape is a block detachably attached to the gripper shoe.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the tunnel excavator of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Note that the same reference numerals are given to components having the same configuration as that of the conventional tunnel excavator (TBM). FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the whole of a tunnel excavator (TBM) of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, this TBM is, like the conventional TBM, a front body 51 having a cutter face C on the front surface,
And a rear trunk 52 connected by a thrust jack (not shown). Skin plate 56 of front torso 51
A front gripper device 53 similar to the conventional one is provided at an outer peripheral position of the main gripper device 1 (hereinafter, referred to as a vertical rectangular shape) at a side surface position of an outer periphery of the skin plate 56 of the rear body portion 52. Gripper device 1) is provided. Concave portions 11 are formed at predetermined intervals on the surface of the vertically long rectangular gripper shoe 10 exposed from the opening 2 of the skin plate 56.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a plane sectional structure of the gripper device 1 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2A, the gripper device 1 includes a frame-like gripper casing 3 fixed inside an opening 2 formed in a skin plate 56.
2 housed. The gripper shoe 10 is provided on the inner surface of the gripper casing 32, and the gripper casing 3
2 and a spacer guide 33 for guiding the rotation of the gripper shoe 10 is provided between the gripper shoe 10 and the spacer guide 33. FIG. 2 (a)
As shown in FIG. 3, the cross-sectional shape is an arc shape having a predetermined curvature, and the vertical direction of the gripper shoe 10 is shown in FIG.
As shown in the figures, the arc shape conforms to the curvature of the shell of the TBM. Further, the spacer guide 33 partially extends from the surface of the skin plate 56 by a predetermined amount along the inner peripheral surface of the gripper casing 32 in order to support the gripper shoe 10 when the gripper shoe 10 is pushed to the tunnel ground surface. Are projected. In this case, the pushing-out operation of the spacer guide 33 toward the ground may follow the operation of the gripper shoe 10, or other driving means (not shown) such as a hydraulic jack may be provided to synchronize with the operation of the gripper shoe 10. Therefore, the spacer guide 33 may be separately operated.

A base of a double-acting hydraulic jack 20 for pressing the gripper shoe 10 against the ground surface of the tunnel is fixed to a fixed portion (not shown) in the skin plate 56. The tip of the cylinder rod 21 of the hydraulic jack 20 is
It is attached to a gripper support flange 22 integrally fixed to the back surface of the gripper shoe 10. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2, 4 and 6, two hydraulic jacks 20 are provided in the front and rear direction of the TBM and two in the vertical direction, as shown in FIGS. Has been deployed. Hereinafter, when the two hydraulic jacks 20 in the front-rear direction are specified, a front jack 20A and a rear jack 20B are specified.
It is written. Since the two jacks arranged at the upper and lower positions of the front jack 20A and the rear jack 20B perform the same operation, the operation of the jacks 20A and 20B shown in a plan view in each of FIGS.

The cylinder rod 21 of the front jack 20A
The tip of A is connected to the gripper support flange 22 via a connecting pin 23. On the other hand, the gripper support flange 22 at the distal end position of the cylinder rod 21B of the rear jack 20B is formed with an elongated hole 24 having a major axis extending in the front-rear direction of the TBM. Are pin-connected. Further, a control unit 31 is provided for controlling the hydraulic pressure supplied from a hydraulic pump 30 as a pressure source of the hydraulic jack 20. The hydraulic pump 30 may be provided for each jack 20, or a single tank (not shown) and a hydraulic system from the pump 30 may be switched by operating a switching valve (not shown) to provide a plurality of hydraulic pumps. Jack 2
0 may be operated independently.

The amount of extension of the cylinder rod 21 of the hydraulic jack 20 connected to the outer surface of the gripper support flange 22;
The amount of degeneration can also be adjusted by a predetermined control circuit to operate synchronously or independently of each other. Therefore, when excavating a normal hard rock mass, 2
The same amount of elongation is set for the hydraulic jacks 20A and 20B. However, when excavating in a soft layer, FIG.
As shown in (b), two hydraulic jacks 20A, 20A
B and the cylinder rods 21A and 21B of the front jack 20A.
1A is further extended to the front end 10a of the gripper shoe 10.
However, by sufficiently penetrating into the ground, it is possible to secure the propulsion reaction force during excavation. In addition, in addition to the hydraulic jack 20,
It goes without saying that the gripper shoe 10 may be pressed toward the ground by other known driving means such as an electric motor.

At this time, at the boundary between the gripper support flange 22 and the gripper shoe 10, ball bearing surfaces 14 are formed on both end faces in the front-rear direction of the gripper shoe 10. FIG.
When the front jack 20A is slightly extended from the rear jack 20B as shown in FIG.
The zero and the gripper support flange 22 slide and rotate about the center of rotation thereof along the ball seating surface 14 with the spacer guide 33. In this way, by extending the front jack 20A by a slightly large stroke in the excavation direction of the TBM, the thrust thrust transmitted along the shell during excavation can be reliably supported by the ground. At this time, the front end 10a of the gripper shoe 10 cuts into the ground surface 70 so as to deform the ground, so that the ground can reliably receive a reaction force. Further, even when the front end 10a of the gripper shoe 10 is relatively largely pushed out from the surface of the skin plate 56, the thrust reaction force is applied to the gripper shoe from the shell via the spacer guide 33 which comes into contact with the gripper shoe 10 on the ball seating surface 14. 10 to the ground, and the cylinder rods 21A, 21B of the hydraulic jacks 20A, 20B.
Has almost no lateral load. Therefore, it is not necessary for the hydraulic jack 20 to secure rigidity against a load in the lateral direction, and the hydraulic jack 20 may be determined based on the cylinder expansion / contraction ability.

Next, the shapes of the concave and convex portions formed on the outer peripheral surface of the gripper shoe 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3A shows a gripper shoe 10 in which a plurality of small rectangular recesses 11 are formed at predetermined intervals on the outer surface. Also, in FIG. 3B, convex portions which fix predetermined steel blocks 15 to concave portions on the surface of the gripper shoe 10 via fixing bolts 16 are arranged at predetermined intervals.

The gripper shoe 10 shown in FIG.
Is the TBM as shown in each of FIGS. 4 (a) to 4 (c).
Has a curvature equal to the curvature of the skin plate 56. The gripper shoe 10 is a steel plate processed product, and the concave shape of the outer surface is formed at the time of factory production. Also,
As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, a flat spherical convex portion 12 can be provided, or the saw-tooth surface 13 can be formed over the entire surface of the gripper shoe 10.

On the other hand, the gripper shoe 10 shown in FIG. 3B is, as shown in each of FIGS.
A convex steel block 15 is formed in the recess 11 formed on the surface.
Is attached. This gripper shoe 10
The configuration of the steel block 15 will be described. Recesses 11 are formed in the gripper shoe 10 at predetermined intervals as shown in FIG. 6A, and predetermined bolt holes (not shown) are formed in the bottom surface of each of the recesses 11. This recess 1
1 is fitted with a steel block 15 having a bolt insertion hole, and a fixing bolt 16 is inserted through the bolt insertion hole.
As shown in (c) and (d), screws are fixed to the recesses 11. By applying a predetermined uneven shape to the surface of the gripper shoe 10 as described above, a sufficient frictional force can be ensured even from a soft rock layer to a soft layer, and TB
It is possible to prevent the gripper shoe 10 from slipping during the M excavation. If it is known that the soft rock layer or the soft layer is not dug during the excavation, the recess is closed and the surface of the gripper shoe 10 has a smooth curved surface as shown in FIG. It is also possible to attach the steel block 17 such that Further, as shown in FIG. 7, instead of the individual independent steel blocks 15 and 17, an elongated convex block 18 having a length close to the entire height of the gripper shoe 10 is fixed at a plurality of locations by fixing bolts 16. May be.

In the above-described gripper device 1 provided with the gripper shoe 10, when excavating in the soft rock layer to the soft layer, the gripper device 1 is moved to the TB as shown in FIG.
Front end 10a of gripper shoe 10 with respect to the traveling direction of M
When the hydraulic jack 20 is actuated so as to protrude forward toward the ground so as to protrude, a part of the gripper shoe 10 is supported by the spacer guide 33 accommodated in the gripper casing 32. Since the rotation is performed by the predetermined angle, the thrust reaction force transmitted to the gripper shoe 10 can be prevented from acting as an additional lateral force on a driving mechanism such as the hydraulic jack 20.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing an embodiment of a tunnel excavator using a gripper device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a gripper device.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing a surface shape of a gripper shoe of the gripper device.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the gripper shoe shown in FIG.
Sectional view.

FIG. 5 is a front view and a sectional view showing a modification of the surface shape of the gripper shoe.

6 is a front view of the gripper shoe shown in FIG.
Sectional view.

FIG. 7 is a front view showing a modified example of the surface shape of the gripper shoe.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a conventional tunnel excavator and its gripper device.

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a conventional gripper device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gripper apparatus 10 Gripper shoe 11 Concave part 12 Convex part 20 Hydraulic jack 22 Gripper support flange 24 Long hole 32 Gripper casing 33 Spacer guide

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Tsutomu Kiuchi 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Futari Kusumoto 1-2-3 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Corporation (72) Inventor Toshihiko Wada 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Corporation (72) Inventor Yoshiyuki Ohara 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Corporation ( 72) Inventor Yasunori Kondo 1-3-1, Higashikawasaki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.Kobe head office Kobe Head Office

Claims (3)

[Claims] A gripper shoe of a gripper device is protruded from a rear trunk shell by a predetermined amount to press a ground to take a propulsion reaction force, and a tunnel face is excavated in full section by a cutter face in front of a front trunk part. In a tunnel excavator that excavates while traveling, the gripper device is supported by a plurality of driving means disposed in the front-rear direction of the tunnel excavator, and a predetermined expansion / contraction or rotation operation is provided by operating the driving means. The gripper shoe, which can protrude from the rear trunk portion so that the amount of protrusion of the front end on the tunnel face side at that time becomes larger than the rear end, and the front end portion and the rear end portion of the gripper shoe are viewed in plan. And a spacer guide for supporting the support force via an arc-shaped sliding contact surface to transmit the propulsion reaction force to the ground side, and for guiding expansion / contraction or rotation. Machine. 2. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein the gripper shoe has an irregular surface on an outer surface. 3. The tunnel excavator according to claim 2, wherein said uneven shape comprises a block detachably attached to said gripper shoe.