JPH11262310A - Precision farming system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a precision farming system facilitating the improvement of fertilizing or pest-controlling efficiency and the increase of harvest and the like and also the improvement of control function and labor saving through automatic control of fertilizing level or pest-controlling level regulation by automatically performing e.g. soil sample collection and thereby automatically making a soil map recorded with analyzed data or the like. SOLUTION: This precision farming system works as follows: soil sample collection and the specification of sample collection spots are performed automatically, and a soil map 51 recorded with soil data as a result of analyzing soil samples and sample collection spots is made automatically; wherein it is preferable that soil samples are automatically put, from a collection arm, into a sample tray specified with soil collection spots, and the preceding soil sample residuals adhered to the collection arm is automatically removed in soil sample collection operation.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a precision farming method in which a fertilizer and a chemical are sprayed by using a fertilizer or a pest control machine, for example, when planting a seedling of a crop or in a field during the growing of a crop.

[0002]

Conventionally, fertilization or pest control has been carried out with reference to the previous harvest amount or crop growth status, water intake and drainage in the field, etc. Fertilization or pest control work is easy to be performed, fertilization control or pest control is limited to a narrow range, it can not be properly performed in response to local conditions, fertilization or control is too small and fertilization or control efficiency is improved and There is a problem that it is not possible to easily increase the amount of harvest and the like, and there are too many fertilizations or control to adversely affect the environment.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention automatically collects a soil sample and specifies the sample collection position, and automatically generates soil data obtained by analyzing the soil sample and a soil map recording the collection position. By forming, the soil data measured by specifying the collection position is recorded as a soil map, so that the next fertilization or control can be performed based on the soil map, and the amount of fertilization or control is excessive or insufficient. It is possible to easily improve the fertilization or control efficiency and increase the yield, etc., and to easily improve the control function and labor-saving by automatically controlling the fertilization control or the control of the control amount. .

Further, a soil sample is automatically loaded from a collection arm into a sample tray in which a soil collection position is specified, and errors in soil collection in a field and detection of an actual soil collection position are reduced to reduce soil sample analysis data. Can easily be improved in reliability.

In addition, the previous soil sample residue adhering to the collection arm is automatically removed during the collection operation.
It is possible to easily improve the accuracy of soil sample analysis and the reliability of a soil map based on soil sample analysis data.

In addition, at least one of fertilization and control amount is automatically controlled based on a soil map in accordance with localization.
Based on the data of the soil map, the amount of fertilization or the amount of control can be adjusted with high accuracy within a narrow range, and the function of automatically controlling fertilization or control can be easily improved.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view of a sample collection work vehicle. A driver's seat (4), a steering wheel (5), and an auxiliary seat (5) are provided on the upper surface of a traveling vehicle (3) on which front and rear traveling wheels (1) and (2) are mounted. 6), the driving operator and the assisting operator move on the seats (4) and (6) while traveling, and at the rear side of the traveling vehicle (3) via the link mechanism (7). The collecting machine (8) is installed to be able to move up and down freely.

An endless collecting chain (9) driven by the engine power of the traveling vehicle (3), a center case (10) for extending and supporting the chain (9),
A collection arm (1) for supporting the middle of the chain (9).
1) and the arm (1) connected to the collection arm (11).
1) A crank arm (13) for changing a collection tube (12) at the tip between a collection position and a sample discharge position, a main frame (14) on which the center case (10) and the crank arm (13) are mounted, and the link mechanism. A gauge wheel (15) for maintaining the height of the main frame (14) connected to (7) above the ground constant, and a tilting posture of the collection pipe (12) into the soil by adjusting the inclination of the main frame (14) back and forth. Handle (16) and the collection tube (1
The collection machine (8) is provided with a removal rotor (17) for removing and removing straw, weeds, and surface soil on the soil surface into which 2) enters, and collecting the soil sample collected by the collection tube (12). Sample tray that can be located (1
8) is mounted on the collecting machine (8). As shown in FIG. 2, the sample tray (18) is formed by forming a large number of collecting pots (19)... The sample tray (1) is placed on the tray mounting table (not shown)
8) Attaching movably vertically and horizontally, and collecting arm (11)
The tray (18) is moved vertically and horizontally in conjunction with the collecting operation of the collecting tube (1).
2) The soil sample in the collection tube (12) is automatically moved to the sample discharge position of (2), and each pot (1) is collected for each collection position.
It is configured to be charged and stored in 9).

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a spindle (20) connected to the collecting chain (9) is provided with a collecting arm (11).
, A collection solenoid (21) is mounted in a hollow portion of the collection arm (11) by a slot (22) and a thumbscrew (23) so as to be adjustable in position, and is inserted into and out of the collection arm (11). (12) Connect the end of the solenoid (2
1), the depth of collection of the collection tube (12) into the soil is adjusted by a thumb screw (23), and an extruding piston (25) is connected to a plunger (24) of the solenoid (21). The extruding piston (25) is moved in and out of the tip of the collection tube (12) by the control of the solenoid (21). When the tip of the collection tube (12) enters the soil, the piston (25) retreats. When the soil sample (26) is taken in, the piston (25) advances when the tip of the collection tube (12) faces the collection pot (19) of the tray (18), and the soil sample (26) is placed inside the pot (19). And the soil sample (26) is automatically collected in the tray (18).

A brush (27) forcibly rotating the brush
And a nozzle (28) for blowing out compressed air sent from the blower (28), and attached to the tip of the collection tube (12) by one or both of the brush (27) and air from the nozzle (28). In addition to removing residual soil from the previous collection sample, a water pump (30) and a valve (31) are provided to blow water from the tank (32) from the nozzle (28), and the tip of the collection tube (12) It is configured to wash and remove the residual soil from the previous collected sample attached to the surface.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a collection controller (33) formed by a microcomputer is mounted on the traveling vehicle (3), and a collection operation of the soil sample (26) is detected by driving the collection chain (9). The working sensor (34) and the collecting cylinder (12) are connected to the soil sample (2).
6) The collecting pot (19) into which the pot is put is replaced with another pot (1).
9) A collecting pot reader (3) for inputting a marking number (or a barcode or a pot address) to be distinguished from the collecting pot reader (3).
5) a collecting speed change motor (36) for continuously variable transmission control for changing the collecting interval of the soil sample (26) of the collecting cylinder (12) by changing the speed of the collecting chain (9); and the collecting solenoid (21). , Said collection controller (33)
To the collection pot (19) and specify the collection tube (1).
The operation of inputting the soil sample (26) from 2) is automatically and continuously performed.

Further, a GPS receiver (37) for receiving radio waves from a GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite is connected to a collection controller (33), and a soil sample (26)
The collection work position is recognized with high precision, and the collection work position detected by the receiver (37) and the collection pot (19) identification input of the reader (35) are displayed based on the soil collection status of the field. A collection map creation controller (38) for forming a collection map is provided, the controller (38) is connected to the collection controller (33), and a compatible magnetic disk (39) is mounted to record the collection map. As shown in FIG. 5, water is introduced from a water channel (42) at a high position of a field (41) surrounded by a ridge (40) from a water inlet (43), and water in the field (41) is lowered to a low position. The water is drained from the drainage port (45) to the waterway (44) to grow rice, so that the amount of grain to be harvested is likely to be reduced due to lack of fertilizer near the water intake (43), and the farmland (4)
1) Although the amount of fertilizer increases in the puddle portion at the center, the amount of cereal culm locally increases, or the amount of kernel increases locally, but the soil sample (26) corresponding to the actual field (41) shape The collection position and the collection pot (19) recognition data are recorded on the disk (39) as a collection map. Then, the soil sample (26) in the pot (19) of the tray (18) is analyzed using a soil analyzer for analyzing the soil sample (26) and detecting the concentration of the fertilizer or the acid alkalinity. The soil map (51) shown in FIG. 6 displaying the soil analysis data corresponding to the shape of the field (41) is formed and recorded on the disk (39). Read from the disk (39) to perform the next fertilization or pest control (such as weeding), to increase the yield of the whole field (41), prevent wasteful use of fertilizers or chemicals, and properly manage fertilizer. Make up.

The soil analyzer is mounted on a working vehicle (3), and a soil map (5) is collected while collecting a soil sample (26).
1) can be formed simultaneously and continuously, but the soil sample (2
6) Collection and soil sample (26) analysis can be performed separately.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7, a large number of separable collection pots (19)..., Which are serially numbered, are loaded into the collection cylinder (12), and each collection pot (12) is inserted into the soil to enter each pot. (19) can be directly packed with a soil sample (26), and the pot (19) filled with the sample (26) can be separated and taken out into a pot container (52), and the structure shown in FIG. Collection tube (12) and each pot (1
9) and attach the soil sample (2) on the tray (18).
By automatically taking out 6) to each pot (19),
The tray (18) has an endless structure, and the tray (18)
It is also possible to easily eliminate the need for replacement.

As is clear from the above, the collection of the soil sample (26) and the specification of the sample collection position are automatically performed, and the soil data obtained by analyzing the soil sample (26) and the soil map (51) are recorded. Is automatically formed, and soil data measured by specifying a collection position is recorded as a soil map (51), so that the next fertilization or control can be performed based on the soil map (51),
The aim is to prevent excess or deficiency in the amount of fertilization or control and to improve the efficiency of fertilization or control and increase the yield, and to improve the control function and reduce labor by automatically controlling fertilization or control. Then, the soil sample (26) is automatically loaded from the collection arm (11) into the sample tray (18) in which the soil collection position is specified, so that errors in soil collection in the field (41) and detection of the actual soil collection position are reduced. In addition, the reliability of the soil sample (26) analysis data is easily improved, and the residue of the previous soil sample (26) adhering to the collection arm (11) is automatically removed during the collection operation, and the soil sample (26) is removed. ) Improving the analysis accuracy and improving the reliability of the soil map (51) based on the analysis data of the soil sample (26).
Is supplied to the soil analyzer (46) and the soil sample (26)
Analysis data is automatically recorded in association with the collection position,
It is configured to improve the soil analysis accuracy of the field and the reliability of the soil map (51).

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a spraying control circuit mounted on, for example, a fertilizer applicator and a pest controller.
Soil map reader (53) for inputting the soil map (51) data recorded in the field, and GPS receiver (37) for measuring and inputting the fertilization or control work position in the field (41)
Is connected to a spray controller (54) constituted by a microcomputer. Further, a spraying motor (56) of a granule / powder sprayer (55) for performing fertilizer application or pest control work is connected to the controller (54) via a driver (57), and the input of a GPS receiver (37) is applied to the field ( 4
1) Recognize the fertilization or pest control work position in the system, and change the rotation speed of the spraying motor (56) based on the soil map (51) data of the reader (53) by pulse control or the like. The amount of fertilizer applied is automatically increased, and the amount of fertilizer applied at a point where the remaining amount of fertilizer is large is automatically reduced. While increasing the amount of pesticide sprayed because many pests are likely to occur, at the point where the remaining amount of fertilizer is small, control is performed automatically to reduce the amount of herbicide sprayed or the amount of pesticide sprayed in the opposite manner as described above, It is configured so that fertilization or control using granules and dust can be performed efficiently.

A valve motor (62) for controlling the opening and closing of a spray valve (61) for feeding a liquid fertilizer or a chemical solution in a liquid agent tank (58) from a chemical motor (59) to a spray nozzle (60) is connected to the controller (54). ) To the driver (6
3), the position of the fertilizer or pest control in the field (41) is recognized by the input of the GPS receiver (37), and the valve motor (62) is read based on the soil map (51) data of the reader (53). To control the forward and reverse rotation of the spraying valve (61) to change the opening / closing degree of the spraying valve (61), to automatically increase the amount of liquid fertilizer sprayed at the point where the remaining amount of fertilizer is low, and to automatically increase the amount of liquid fertilizer sprayed at the point where the remaining amount of fertilizer is large And the amount of herbicide to be sprayed is increased because the amount of weeds increases in places where the remaining amount of fertilizer is large.
In addition, while the amount of insecticide sprayed is increased because many pests are likely to occur, at the point where the remaining amount of fertilizer is small, control such as reducing the amount of sprayed herbicide or decreasing the amount of sprayed insecticide is performed automatically in the opposite manner to the above. It is configured so that fertilization or control using liquid fertilizer or chemical solution can be performed efficiently.

As is clear from the above, the soil map (5
Based on 1), the fertilization and control amount are automatically controlled in accordance with the local area. Based on the data of the harvest map (87), the fertilization amount or the control amount can be controlled in a narrow range with high accuracy. The system is designed to improve the automatic fertilization or pest control function.

[0019]

As is clear from the above examples, the present invention automatically collects the soil sample (26) and specifies the sample collection position, and analyzes the soil data obtained by analyzing the soil sample (26) and the collection position. Recorded soil map (51)
Is automatically formed, and soil data measured by specifying a collection position is recorded as a soil map (51), so that the next fertilization or control is performed based on the soil map (51). It is possible to prevent excess or deficiency in the amount of fertilization or control, to improve the efficiency of fertilization or control and to increase the yield easily, and to control the control function by automatic control of fertilization or control. Improvement and labor saving can be easily achieved.

Further, a soil sample (26) is automatically loaded from the collection arm (11) into the sample tray (18) in which the soil collection position is specified. The soil collection in the field (41) and the actual soil collection are performed. The reliability of the analysis data of the soil sample (26) can be easily improved by reducing the error of the position detection.

In addition, the soil sample (26) residue adhering to the collection arm (11) is automatically removed at the time of the collection operation, thereby improving the analysis accuracy of the soil sample (26) and the analysis data of the soil sample (26). It is possible to easily improve the reliability of the soil map (51) based on the information.

Further, at least one of fertilization and control amount is automatically controlled in accordance with localization based on the soil map (51). The fertilization amount is limited to a narrow range based on the data of the soil map (51). The adjustment or control of the control amount can be performed with high accuracy, and the improvement of the automatic control function of fertilization or control can be easily achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a sample collection work vehicle.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a sample tray.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a collecting arm unit.

FIG. 4 is a soil sample collection control circuit diagram.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a field.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a soil map.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a modified use of a collecting cylinder.

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a spraying control circuit.

[Explanation of symbols]

 (11) Sampling arm (18) Sample tray (26) Soil sample (51) Soil map

Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification symbol FI // G01N 33/24 G01N 33/24 B

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A precision farming method characterized by automatically collecting a soil sample and specifying a sample collection position, and automatically forming a soil map in which soil data obtained by analyzing the soil sample and a collection position are recorded. 2. The precision farming method according to claim 1, wherein a soil sample is automatically loaded from a collection arm into a sample tray in which a soil collection position is specified. 3. The precision farming method according to claim 2, wherein the soil sample residue attached to the collection arm last time is automatically removed during the collection operation. 4. The precision farming method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of fertilization and control amount is locally controlled based on a soil map.