JPH11264206A - Concrete block, tile and tile construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Problem] Regarding a method of attaching a tile to a substantially vertical surface such as a gate post or a wall, even an unskilled person can easily construct the tile, and can obtain a tile wall surface having an excellent appearance by being arranged in an orderly manner. It is to provide a block and a tile and a tile construction method. SOLUTION: In a construction method of attaching a tile to a block base wall 17, an irregularity 12 provided on the block base wall 17 and an unevenness 18 provided on the tile back surface are fitted and attached. Block base wall 1
The unevenness 12 provided on the block 7 is provided on the block 10 itself constituting the block base wall 17. Still another object of the present invention is to manufacture the block 10 provided with the irregularities 12 using a mold that is divided only in the vertical direction. In addition, the block 10 constituting the block base wall 17 is fitted to the block 15 adjacent vertically and / or left and right in an uneven manner.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of sticking tiles, and more particularly, to a tile, which can be easily put on an underground floor of a gate post or a wall by an unskilled person. The present invention relates to a tile construction method capable of obtaining a tile wall having an improved appearance.

[0002]

Conventionally, when a tile is stuck on a substantially vertical surface such as a gate post or a wall, a method of stacking a concrete block in advance to construct a block base wall and sticking the tile to this is described. Has been taken. As a concrete block, 390mm × 190mm × 100
mm commercially available standard products are often used. Usually, the blocks are jointed with a width of about 10 mm and connected with mortar. Also, the size of the flat tile to be pasted is
Various sizes based on JIS are used.
mx 60mm, 227mm x 60mm, 145mm x 4
Those having a size of 5 mm, 95 mm × 45 mm or the like are often used. The thickness is about 10 mm to 15 mm.

[0003] Tiles are attached in the following procedure. First, a base mortar and a mortar for pasting are applied to the base of the block, and tiles are pressed and adhered at regular intervals from the ends. Alternatively, the mortar for pasting may be arranged in a dumpling shape on the back surface of the tile, and the mortar may be pressed directly onto the base of the block for construction. Alternatively, an adhesive may be used instead of the attaching mortar. L-shaped tiles and the like are used for the corners, and when the whole can be covered with the tiles, the joints between the tiles are filled with joint cement, mortar, or the like, and completed.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned conventional construction method requires considerable skill, and there is a problem that it is difficult for an amateur to perform it with a DIY or the like. That is, over the top, bottom, left and right,
It is very difficult to paste tiles at regular intervals,
If the arrangement is disturbed, the appearance will be greatly impaired. Alternatively, if the work is slowed down with care only for accuracy, troubles such as drying of the mortar for pasting occur, and the finish cannot be finished neatly. Alternatively, if the viscosity of the joint cement or the mortar for application is too low, the tile applied at the correct position will slip down.

Another problem is the pitch at which tiles are arranged. If the pitch is not appropriate, the dimensions of the tile to be attached to the end of the block base will not match the dimensions of existing L-shaped tiles and the like. For this reason, it becomes necessary to cut and split the tiles to adjust the dimensions, which significantly increases the amount of work. In addition, the appearance quality is undesirably deteriorated.

In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present inventors can easily attach tiles even to an almost vertical surface such as a gate post or a wall, so that the tiles can be firmly attached. As a result of intensive studies on a tile construction method capable of obtaining tile walls having an excellent appearance and being arranged in an orderly manner, the present invention has been achieved.

[0007]

The gist of the concrete block according to the present invention is that at least a part of the surface is provided with a concave or convex part of a fixed shape having a closed periphery such as a polygon or a circle. It has been.

Another aspect of the concrete block according to the present invention resides in that at least a part of the surface is provided with a groove-shaped concave portion having a predetermined shape extending horizontally.

[0009] The gist of the tile according to the present invention is that at least a part of the back surface is provided with a convex portion having a constant shape of 1 mm or more in height or a concave portion having a constant shape of 1 mm or more in depth. It has been.

[0010] Next, the gist of the tile construction method according to the present invention is as follows. In the construction method of attaching a tile to a block foundation wall, irregularities provided on the block foundation wall and irregularities provided on the tile back surface are described. Are fitted and attached.

Further, in such a tile construction method, the unevenness provided on the block base wall is provided on a block constituting the block base wall.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of constructing a tile, wherein a block provided with irregularities is manufactured by a mold that is divided only in the vertical direction.

Further, in such a tile construction method,
It is an object of the present invention to make a block constituting a block base wall unevenly fit with vertically adjacent blocks and / or left and right adjacent blocks.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The preferred embodiments of the tile, concrete block and tile construction method according to the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate an example in which tiles are attached in three steps per block. As shown in FIG. 1A, the block base surface 13 is provided with recesses 12 and 14 for vertically attaching one block into three stages and attaching tiles. Also, FIG.
Tile 16 used for this block base surface 13
However, a convex portion 18 that can be fitted to the concave portion 12 provided in the block 10 is provided. The fitted state of the concave portion 12 and the convex portion 18 is schematically shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the concave portion 14 corresponding to half a tile
Is for pasting the tile 16 across the adjacent block 15. According to this example, the tiles are arranged in a zigzag pattern on the entire tile wall surface, that is, a so-called horse-stomping joint pattern. Arrangement.

In the present invention, the block base means a place where a tile is to be attached, and is mainly composed of a concrete block.

In order to more stably fit the concave portion 12 and the convex portion 18, the height of the convex portion 18 and the depth of the concave portion 12 are preferably 1 mm or more, more preferably 3 mm or more.

In order to further stabilize the fitting between the concave portion 12 and the convex portion 18, it is desirable that the four surroundings of the convex portion 18 be surrounded by the concave portion 12, and the concave portion 12 and the convex portion 18 are polygonal, circular, etc. Is preferably a closed shape.

If the block base and the tile of this example are used,
The work of attaching the tiles can be easily performed as follows. That is, the mortar for pasting is piled up on the back surface of the tile in the form of a dumpling, and the convex portion 18 is formed in the concave portion 12 of the block base.
And paste the tile. By simply repeating this operation sequentially, it is possible to obtain a tile wall having a beautiful joint pattern arranged in an orderly manner. It may be performed by using an adhesive instead of the attaching mortar and applying the adhesive to the back surface of the tile or the block base. The working time is greatly reduced compared with the conventional case, and the durability is improved because the bonding is performed at the uneven fitting surface.

In this embodiment, the pitch at which the concave portions 12 are provided is based on the dimensions of the block 10. That is, the vertical pitch is approximately one-third of the sum of the height of the block 10 and the joint width, and the horizontal pitch is approximately one-half of the sum of the horizontal width and the joint width of the block 10. It is. Therefore, the upper end of the tile wall surface obtained by attaching the projection 18 while fitting the projection 18 to the recess 12 is well aligned with the end of the block base, and does not require a specially shaped tile member. Also, at the left and right ends, only half of the voids are generated regularly every other row, so it is sufficient to prepare a half-sized tile or an L-shaped tile. The work of adjusting the size by cutting or splitting is unnecessary.

FIG. 3 shows an example in which the recess 12 is formed as a continuous groove extending horizontally. According to this example, tile 16
Is supported by the groove-shaped concave portion 12, so that the tile 16 can be stably stuck without slipping down. Further, since the horizontal position of the tile 16 can be freely determined, various tile walls having different pasting patterns can be formed by shifting the horizontal pasting position for each stage. As an example of the tile used in the block of the present example, as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3C, a tile having no convex portion 18 on the back surface may be used.

FIG. 4 shows an example of attaching a square tile. For example, this is an explanatory diagram corresponding to attaching two tiles of 190 mm × 190 mm to a block of 390 mm × 190 mm × 100 mm. The block 10 is provided with two concave portions 12, and the tile 16 is provided with convex portions 18. In the same manner as shown in FIG. 1C, the concave portion 12 and the convex portion 18 are fitted and adhered,
It is possible to obtain a so-called tiled tile wall surface in which tiles are arranged in a lattice pattern. 190mm × 190
mm tiles may be patterned so that two 190 mm × 92 mm tiles are arranged vertically above and below the joint.

The protrusion 18 provided on the back surface of the tile may be divided into several parts. FIG. 5 shows two tiles in one tile 16.
Block 1 corresponding to the provision of
An example in which four concave portions 12 are provided in 0 is shown. According to the combination of the present example, two types of tile wall surfaces having different tile arrangement patterns can be obtained. That is, FIG.
When two tiles 16 are pasted so as to fit in one block 10 as shown in FIG. 5 (d), a layout pattern of the joints is obtained as shown in FIG. Then, as shown in FIG. 7E, a pattern of the horseshoe joint arrangement is obtained as shown in FIG. Since two types of arrangement patterns can be obtained with one type of block 10, it is possible to reduce the die investment, reduce the stock amount, reduce the working capital, and the like.

In the above-described example, the concave portion 12 is formed in the block 10.
Was provided, and the convex portion 18 was provided on the tile 16.
However, in the present invention, the blocks 10 may be provided with the convex portions 18 and the tiles 16 may be provided with the concave portions 12. The concave portion and the convex portion are relative, and are not unilaterally defined. What is important is that the block base is not flat but has irregularities, and similarly, the back surface of the tile has irregularities and is formed so that both are fitted.

FIG. 6 shows an example in which a groove-like concave portion 12 is provided at the edge and the center of the block 10 and a ridge-like convex portion 18 is provided around four edges of the tile 16. In other words, block 1
It can also be said that a convex portion is provided in 0 and a concave portion is provided in the tile 16. In this example, two tiles 16 are pasted on one block 10 as shown in FIG. Also, in the block 10 shown in FIG. 7A, two types of pasting methods are possible as shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C, and are shown in FIGS. 5D and 5E. In the same manner as described above, it is possible to obtain a tile wall surface of a joint seam or a horse stomach joint.

The block 10 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 can be manufactured by using a mold that is divided into two parts only vertically. The blocks are usually provided with through holes in the vertical direction in order to reduce the weight, connect adjacent blocks, insert reinforcing bars, and the like. For this reason, the direction in which the mold is removed includes the vertical direction. If the block does not have a depression in the left-right direction or the front-rear direction, it is not necessary to pull the mold in the left-right direction or the front-rear direction. As a result, the die investment is reduced, and the number of molds per molding can be increased, so that there is an effect of reducing the manufacturing cost.

In all of the above embodiments, the blocks are provided with irregularities. If irregularities are formed at the time of block molding, the shape can be freely set, so that tiles of various sizes and shapes can be handled. In addition, since the shape of the unevenness can be accurately formed, the fitting accuracy with the unevenness provided on the back surface of the tile is improved, and the tiles can be arranged neatly and a tile wall surface having an excellent appearance can be obtained.

On the other hand, in the block 10 having the shape as exemplified in FIGS. 6 and 7, the function of the groove-shaped concave portion 12 provided at the edge can be substituted by the gap formed between the blocks. . That is, it is possible to form the joint portion of the block base in a concave shape like a groove, and fit the convex portion 18 on the back surface of the tile into the gap. In the case where the tiles are relatively large, for example, the concave portion of the block base surface is constituted only by the gap formed between the blocks, and the present invention is implemented using not a special specification product but a normal commercial standard product block. You can also. The use of a spacer or the like between the blocks to adjust the gap width between the blocks is a particularly effective means in the present embodiment.

As described above, the shape of the concave portion 12 and the convex portion 18 is particularly preferably a closed shape, but the present invention is not limited to this and can be implemented in various shapes. In order to determine the positions in the up-down direction and the left-right direction, at least one fitting / fixing point in each direction is sufficient. FIGS. 8B to 8F show some examples of the shapes of the concave portion 12 and the convex portion 18. Recess 12 or protrusion 1
The shape of the convex portion 18 or the concave portion 12 may be determined so as to be easily fitted in accordance with the shape of FIG. However, the present invention is not limited to these example shapes.

By using the concave portion 12 and the convex portion 18 having the shapes shown in FIGS. 8B, 8C, 8D, and 8F, FIG.
It is also convenient because it can be attached as described in (1). That is, FIG. 9 is an example using the block 10 shown in FIG. 7A. However, by combining the use of the tiles upward and the use of the tiles downward, the two-stage pasting is performed. It becomes possible to apply two types of joints, joints and horse joints.

The basic structure of the present invention resides in that tiles are adhered on the basis of each block forming a block base. Therefore, if the arrangement of the blocks in the block base is disturbed, the arrangement of the tiles to be applied thereon is also disturbed. Therefore, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to the construction of the block base. When constructing a block foundation, it is usually applied with care so as not to disturb the arrangement by attaching yarns on the left and right, but since the finish is affected by the hardness of the compounding mortar, etc., it is an operation that requires skill is there. Therefore, it is very useful for the present invention if there is a method by which even an unskilled person can easily construct a block base on which blocks are correctly arranged.

FIG. 10 shows an example in which a block provided with a concave portion 12 constituting a base wall can be fitted into blocks vertically and horizontally adjacent to each other. That is, by fitting the projections 20 and the depressions 22 shown in FIG. 3A, the blocks adjacent to each other on the left and right are connected, and joint grooves having a width (w1-w2) are formed. FIG. 11 is a view for explaining a state in which unevenness is fitted between adjacent blocks.
Similarly, by fitting the projections 21 and the depressions 23 shown in FIG. 10B, the vertically overlapping blocks are connected, and joint grooves having a width (h1-h2) are formed. When a block base is constructed by the blocks 11 of this example, it is possible to construct a block base in which the blocks are arranged neatly simply by stacking the blocks while making contact with the lower and adjacent blocks. Therefore, even an unskilled person can easily construct. The connection between the blocks is
As in the conventional case, the mortar is buried in the through-hole 24 or the reinforcing bar is passed therethrough.

In the example shown in FIG. 10, irregularly fitted blocks are vertically fitted to the vertically and horizontally adjacent blocks. However, the present invention is not limited to this example. Even so, the workability of construction and the orderly arrangement of the blocks are greatly improved. Further, the shape of the concave / convex fitting portion is not limited to the example of FIG. 10 and various shapes and combinations are possible.

In addition, the present invention does not depart from the gist of the present invention, as long as the configuration of the block base wall, the shape and material of the tile,
Various improvements, corrections, etc. regarding the shape and combination of the concave and convex fitting part, the type of mortar and adhesive to attach the tile, etc.
The present invention can be implemented in a modified mode.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

Embodiment 1 A block 10 similar to that shown in FIG.
A tile wall was constructed using the same tile 16 as shown in FIG. 1 (b). 390mm × 190mm × 100m
m on the front of the concrete block 10
m, there are six concave portions 12 having a size of 133 mm × 40 mm,
A recess 14 having a depth of 5 mm and a size of 64 mm × 40 mm
Are provided. The size of the tile 16 is 153m
m × 60 mm, and a projection 18 having a height of 5 mm and a size of 131 mm × 38 mm is provided at the center of the back surface.

The blocks 10 were stacked, and the base walls of the blocks were constructed using mortar while paying attention to make the joint widths of the upper, lower, left and right joints 5 mm each. After a period of time until the mortar was sufficiently dried, the work of attaching the tile 16 was performed. First, an appropriate amount of an adhesive for stone was applied to the convex portion 18 on the back surface of the tile 16, and the concave portion provided in the block 10 was formed. 12 and adhered. Also, in the recess 14,
The tile was attached as shown in FIG. Recess 12
Since the tile 16 is supported by the fitting of the protrusion 16 and the tile 18, even before the adhesive is solidified, the tile 16 can be correctly fixed at a predetermined position without being detached or shifted downward. Was. Similarly, the tiles 16 were sequentially attached, and joints were buried in gaps having a width of 5 mm formed on the left and right and up and down to prepare joints, thereby completing a tile wall pattern with a horse joint.

Embodiment 2 A block 11 similar to that shown in FIG. 10 was used instead of the block 10 used in Embodiment 1. Block 11
Has substantially the same shape as the block 10 used in the first embodiment, except that projections 20 and 21 and depressions 22 and 23 are provided, and four recesses 12 are provided. As shown in FIG. 10, w1 and h1 were 15 mm, w2 and h2 were 10 mm. The protrusions 20 and the depressions 22 between the adjacent blocks are stacked while abutting and fitting, and the reinforcement is made by passing a reinforcing bar through the through hole 24 or the through hole 25 formed between the adjacent blocks or filling the mortar. Thus, a block base wall having a joint width of 5 mm could be constructed.

On the block base wall thus constructed,
The tile 16 was pasted in the same manner as in Example 1 to complete the tile wall. Since the whole construction work is easy, even an unskilled person can carry out the work. In addition, the finished tile wall with a horseshoe joint pattern had a joint width of 5 mm, the tiles were arranged in an orderly manner, and had an extremely excellent appearance.

[0040]

According to the concrete block according to the present invention, since a concave or convex portion having a fixed shape in which the periphery of a polygon, a circle or the like is closed is provided, the convex portion provided on the back surface of the tile is provided. By fitting the part or the concave part, the tile can be stably stuck to a predetermined position of the block base wall without trouble such as slippage of the tile.

Alternatively, according to another embodiment of the concrete block according to the present invention, since the groove-shaped recess extending laterally is provided, the lower end of the tile can be supported by the groove, thereby preventing the tile from slipping off. . In addition, since the horizontal position of the tile can be freely determined, tile walls of various patterns can be obtained by shifting the horizontal position for each step.

Further, according to the tile of the present invention, since the convex portion having a constant shape of 1 mm or more or the concave portion having a constant shape of 1 mm or more is provided, the tile is provided on the surface of the block. By fitting into the provided concave portion or convex portion, the tile can be stably stuck to a predetermined position of the block base wall without trouble such as slippage of the tile.

Further, according to the tile construction method of the present invention, the unevenness provided on the block base surface and the unevenness provided on the tile back surface are fitted and adhered, so that the tiles can be correctly positioned at predetermined positions. Can be attached. In addition, since the protrusions and recesses are fitted, the effect of stabilizing the sticking and fixing force and improving the durability can be obtained.

Further, if the unevenness provided on the block base surface is provided on the block itself constituting the block base surface, the shape can be freely set, so that tiles of various sizes and shapes can be used. Can be. In addition, since the shape of the unevenness can be accurately formed, the fitting accuracy with the unevenness provided on the back surface of the tile is improved, and the tiles can be arranged neatly and a tile wall surface having an excellent appearance can be obtained.

Furthermore, if the shape of the unevenness provided on the block is a shape that can be manufactured by a mold that is divided into upper and lower portions without necessitating left and right or front and rear division, a mold having a complicated structure can be manufactured. Since it is not required, investment in the mold can be reduced. Further, since the number of pieces to be formed per molding can be increased, the manufacturing cost can be significantly reduced.

Further, if the blocks used in the present invention are shaped so that they can be fitted into the blocks vertically and / or horizontally adjacent to each other, the blocks are piled up while making contact with the blocks below and adjacently. Therefore, even an unskilled person can easily construct. Further, since the block base having the constant joint width is constructed, the tiles stuck on the basis of the block are also arranged in an orderly manner, and a tile wall having an excellent appearance can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a tile construction method according to the present invention. FIG. 1 (a) is an enlarged perspective view showing a block portion of a block base, and FIG. 1 (b). FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a tile, and FIG. 2C is a side sectional view showing an uneven fitting portion.

FIG. 2 is a front view illustrating a method of attaching tiles across blocks, which is a supplementary explanation of the tile construction method shown in FIG. 1 according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 schematically illustrates another embodiment of the tile construction method according to the present invention. FIG. 3 (a) is an enlarged perspective view showing a block portion of a block base, and FIG. (b), (c) is a perspective view showing a tile.

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates another embodiment of the tile construction method according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 4 (a) is a perspective view showing a block and FIG. 4 (b) is a perspective view showing a tile.

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates another embodiment of the tile construction method according to the present invention. FIG. 5 (a) is a front view of a block, and FIG. 5 (b) and FIG. (D) and (e) in the front view schematically illustrating how to attach a tile.
Shows an example of tile arrangement of a tile wall, FIG. 3D shows a through joint arrangement, and FIG. 2E shows a horse joint arrangement.

FIG. 6 schematically illustrates another embodiment of the tile construction method according to the present invention. FIG. 6 (a) is a front view showing a block, and FIG. 6 (b) is a perspective view showing a tile. It is.

FIG. 7 schematically illustrates another embodiment of the tile construction method according to the present invention. FIG. 7 (a) is a front view of a block, and FIG. 7 (b) and FIG. It is a front view explaining typically how to stick a tile.

FIG. 8 is a rear view showing an example of the shape of a convex portion or a concave portion provided on the back surface of the tile according to the present invention;
(B), (c) is an example in which it is arranged only in the periphery, FIG.
(E) and (f) show examples in which they are also provided at the center.

FIG. 9 is a front view schematically illustrating another embodiment of the tile construction method according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 9A is an example of a through joint arrangement, and FIG. Here is an example.

FIG. 10 schematically illustrates another example of the block according to the present invention. FIG. 10 (a) is a vertical sectional view of a central portion, and FIG. 10 (b) is a lateral sectional view of the central portion. Figure, Figure (c)
Is a front view.

11 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a central portion schematically illustrating a state of concave-convex fitting between adjacent blocks when the block shown in FIG. 9 is used according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10, 11, 15, 19: Block 12, 14: Concave 16: Tile 17: Block base wall 18: Convex 20, 21: Projection 22, 23: Depression 24, 25: Through hole

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A concrete block characterized in that at least a part of its surface is provided with a concave or convex part of a fixed shape whose periphery is closed, such as a polygon or a circle. 2. A concrete block, characterized in that at least a part of the surface is provided with a groove-shaped recess having a constant shape extending laterally. 3. A tile, wherein at least a part of the back surface is provided with a convex portion having a constant shape of 1 mm or more in height or a concave portion having a constant shape of 1 mm or more in depth. 4. A method of attaching a tile to a block foundation wall, wherein the unevenness provided on the block foundation wall and the unevenness provided on the back surface of the tile are fitted together and attached. Method. 5. The tile construction method according to claim 4, wherein the unevenness provided on the block base wall is provided on a block constituting the block base wall. 6. The tile construction method according to claim 5, wherein the block provided with the unevenness is manufactured by a mold that is divided only in a vertical direction. 7. The tile construction according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the blocks constituting the block base wall are unevenly fitted to blocks vertically and / or horizontally adjacent to each other. Method.