JPH1183202A - Cooling and heating system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a versatile air conditioning system utilizing natural energy, by which high air conditioning efficiency can be obtained and which possesses adaptability capable of being applicable to various structures of buildings. SOLUTION: An air conditioning system 12 is equipped with a water tank 14 provided on the roof of a building 10, water storage type of air conditioning units 16a-16c installed within the room of the building 10, and a water transportation means 18 for transporting water between the tank and the water storage type of air conditioning units. The tank 14 performs the heating and cooling of reservoir water by absorption of solar heat and radiation cooling. The water storage type of air conditioning units 16a-16c performs heat exchange between the environment at the installation place and the reservoir water. The water transportation means 18 transports water where hot heat or cold heat is accumulated from the tank to the water storage type of air conditioning unit, and transports the water used for heating or cooling from the water storage type of air conditioning unit to the tank.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cooling and heating system utilizing natural heat radiation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There are two types of energy sources widely used as energy sources in conventional cooling and heating systems. One of them is to perform heating by directly using the combustion heat of fossil fuels, and the other is to perform heating and cooling by using the combustion heat of fossil fuels and electric power generated by nuclear power. . It is well known that the use of fossil fuels or nuclear power has a significant impact on the environment. Therefore, much attention has been paid to the development of power generation methods using so-called natural energy such as solar, wind, tidal and geothermal. Have been. However, the conversion efficiency when once converting natural energy into electric power is very low, and it is economically difficult to perform cooling and heating using the electric power obtained in the current state of the art. For this reason, various attempts have been made to use natural energy for cooling and heating without converting it into electric power.

[0003]

However, all of these attempts are under development and all have some problems. For example, there is a problem that sufficient cooling and heating capacity cannot be obtained due to low cooling and heating efficiency, and a problem that the introduction cost is high because the structure cannot be applied unless the structure of the building is special. The present invention has been devised in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cooling and heating system using natural energy, which can achieve higher cooling and heating efficiency than conventional ones and various structures. It is an object of the present invention to provide a flexible cooling and heating system which can be applied to existing buildings and can be easily installed in existing buildings.

[0004]

In order to achieve the above object, a cooling and heating system according to the present invention is installed at a position where it can receive sunlight and radiate heat to outer space, and stores water by solar heat absorption and radiation cooling. A water storage tank that heats and cools water, and a water storage type air conditioner that is installed in a building where cooling and heating is required, and that exchanges heat between the environment at the installation location and the stored water And a water transport means for transporting water between the water storage tank and the water storage / cooling / heating unit. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the water storage tank is provided on a roof of the building. Further, in the present invention, the water transport means is a gravity-flow water transport means for transporting water from the water storage tank to the water storage type cooling and heating unit, and for transporting water from the water storage type cooling and heating unit to the water storage tank. And powered water transport means. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the water storage tank is provided with a heat insulating material at least on a bottom portion, and an upwardly directed bottom surface is formed of a material having a large heat radiation rate. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the water storage type cooling and heating unit is formed in a panel shape having a heat transfer surface on one or both surfaces, and the heat transfer surface is formed of a material having a large heat radiation rate. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the water storage type cooling / heating unit is formed in a panel shape having a heat transfer surface on one or both sides, and the heat transfer surface is formed of a material having a high thermal conductivity. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the water storage type cooling / heating unit is formed as an interior wall of a building. Further, the present invention is characterized in that the water storage type cooling / heating unit is formed as a partition wall in a room. Further, according to the present invention, the water transport means includes a control system for controlling water transport, the control system includes a timer means for indicating a time and a water temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the stored water in the water storage tank. And water is controlled between the water storage tank and the water storage / cooling / heating unit in accordance with the time and the temperature of the stored water in the water storage tank. In the cooling and heating method of the present invention, a water storage tank in which storage water is heated and cooled by solar heat absorption and radiation cooling is installed at a position where sunlight can be received and heat radiation to outer space can be performed. A storage type cooling / heating unit in which heat exchange is performed between the environment of the installation location and the stored water is installed at a location in the building where cooling and heating is required, and the storage tank and the storage type cooling / heating unit It is characterized by transporting water between them.

According to the present invention, warm or cold heat is stored in water stored in a water storage tank by solar heat absorption or radiation cooling, and the stored water is transported to a water storage type cooling / heating unit installed indoors for cooling and heating. After the cooling and heating are performed, the stored water is transported from the storage type cooling and heating unit to the water storage tank.

[0006]

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of a cooling and heating system according to the present invention, showing a state in which water is transported to a water storage tank, and FIG. 2 is a diagram similar to FIG.
A diagram showing a state in which water is transported to a storage type cooling / heating unit,
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a control system of the cooling and heating system of FIG. Air-conditioning system 1 installed in building 10
2 is a relatively shallow water tank 1 provided on the roof of the building 10.
4, water storage type cooling and heating units 16a to 16c installed in a room in the building 10, and water transport means 18 for transporting water between the water storage tank 14 and the water storage type cooling and heating units 16a to 16c.

The water storage tank 14 is provided at a position capable of receiving sunlight and radiating heat to outer space, so that the stored water is heated and cooled by solar heat absorption and radiation cooling. is there. As long as this requirement is satisfied, the water tank 14 may be installed anywhere, for example, it may be provided separately from the building 10. However, if it is formed on the roof of the building 10 as shown in the illustrated example, it is provided separately. It is more advantageous in cost than the case, and furthermore, the solar radiation is hardly hindered by the surrounding buildings and the like, and the radiation cooling performance is impaired by the heat radiation from the surrounding buildings and the like, as compared with the case where it is directly provided on the ground. Such an advantage is obtained that the situation is unlikely to occur.

Further, since the water storage tank 14 stores heat or cold heat, it is preferable that the water storage tank is provided with a heat insulating material at least at a bottom portion. preferable. In the illustrated example, the frame of the building 10 is constructed of a material having excellent heat insulation properties, such as foamed concrete, and a water tank container 20 formed of a fiber-reinforced plastic or a stainless steel thin plate is mounted on the roof of the frame. The water tank 14 is formed by placing. Therefore, in the illustrated example, the skeleton itself of the building 10 functions as a heat insulating material provided on the bottom and side portions of the water tank 14, but the skeleton of the building is not so excellent in heat insulation like ordinary concrete or the like. When it is formed of a material, a heat insulating material may be separately provided at the bottom and side portions of the water tank 14.

The upwardly-facing bottom surface of the water tank container 20 (and thus of the water storage tank 14) is formed of a material having a high thermal emissivity. If the water tank container 20 is formed of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, it is advantageous because it itself is a material having a large heat radiation rate.
When the aquarium container 20 is made of stainless steel, a material having a large heat radiation rate may be stuck, adhered, or applied to the upwardly directed bottom surface. The bottom of the water tank 14 is
The material used should have sufficient heat resistance, as it can be heated to high temperatures due to solar radiation during non-water storage. Black heat-resistant paint or the like applied to various radiators is a suitable material.

The water storage type cooling and heating units 16a to 16c are:
By installing it in a place in the building where cooling and heating is required, that is, in a part where thermal environment control is to be performed, heat is exchanged between the environment of the installed place and the stored water.
The form of the water storage type cooling / heating units 16a to 16c can be various depending on the installation site, and the installation site can be various sites such as a wall surface, a floor surface, a ceiling surface, and the like. Water storage type cooling and heating units 16a to 16c
Since the temperature difference between the temperature of the stored water stored therein and the temperature of the installation environment is not as large as that of general cooling and heating equipment, it is preferable to have as large a heat transfer surface as possible. It is preferable to form a panel having a heat transfer surface on one or both sides.

In the illustrated example, three water storage type cooling / heating units 16a to 16c are installed in the room. The left and right units 16a and 16c have only one surface facing the room as a heat transfer surface, and are formed as interior walls of the building 10. On the other hand, the central unit 16b is formed as a partition wall in the room, and also has only one surface (the left surface in the figure) as a heat transfer surface. Water storage type cooling and heating units 16a to 16c
The heat transfer surface is preferably formed of a material having a large heat radiation rate so as to radiate warm heat during heating and radiate cool heat during cooling (cool radiation effect). Figure 2 shows the state of radiation at this time.
Are indicated by wavy arrows. Further, if the heat transfer surface is formed of a material having a large thermal conductivity, a cooling and heating effect can be obtained by heat conduction between the heat transfer surface and the air. Specifically, the heat transfer surfaces of the water storage type cooling and heating units 16a to 16c are formed of, for example, a tempered glass plate having a relatively large thermal conductivity, and a material having a large heat radiation rate is formed on an outer surface or an inner surface of the tempered glass plate. May be attached, adhered, or applied. Note that, of both side surfaces of each of the water storage type cooling and heating units 16a to 16c formed in a panel shape, the side surface that is not the heat transfer surface is formed of a heat-insulating plate material, and the surface has a small heat radiation rate. The material may be attached, adhered, or applied. Water storage type cooling and heating units 16a to 16
If only one side of c is used as the heat transfer surface, it is possible to selectively perform cooling and heating only in that direction, so that cooling and heating with less waste becomes possible.

The water transport means 18 includes a gravity flow type water transport system 22 for transporting water from the water storage tank 14 on the roof to the indoor storage type cooling and heating units 16a to 16c, and conversely, the indoor storage type cooling and heating units 16a to 16c. Water tank 14 on the roof from 16c
And a powered water transport system 24 for transporting water to the water, and both of the water transport systems 22 and 24 include a control system 26.
(FIG. 3). The gravity-flowing water transport system 22 includes an outlet 2 provided at the bottom of the water tank 14.
8 and a first piping system 32 connecting the inlets 30 provided at the upper portions of the water storage type cooling / heating units 16a to 16c, and an electromagnetic valve provided near the outlet 28 in the middle of the first piping system 32. By opening the electromagnetic valve 34, the water storage type cooling / heating unit 1 is opened from the water storage tank 14.
Water can be transported by gravity flowing down to 6a to 16c. Powered water transport system 24 has respective outlets 36 provided at the bottom of each of water storage type cooling and heating units 16a to 16c.
And a second piping system 40 for connecting water and an inflow pipe 38 for flowing water into the water storage tank 14, and three electromagnetic valves 42a to 42c provided near the respective outlets 36 in the middle of the second piping system 40.
And an electric pump 44 provided between the electromagnetic valves 42 a to 42 c and the inflow pipe 38 of the water storage tank 14. Then, by opening the electromagnetic valves 42a to 42c and operating the electric pump 44, water can be transported from the water storage type cooling / heating units 16a to 16c to the water storage tank 14. The water transport means 18 further includes a piping system for replenishing water reduced by evaporation or the like from a water supply pipe, a piping system for discharging old stored water to the sewerage system when replacing stored water, and an electric pump 44. Although a filter or the like for filtering dust from the inflowing water is provided, they are not shown in the drawing because they have a normal structure.

As shown in FIG. 3, a control system 26 of the water transport means 18 includes an electromagnetic valve 34 of the first piping system and a third valve of the second piping system.
A drive circuit 48 for opening and closing each of the electromagnetic valves 42a to 42c, a power supply device 50 for operating the electric pump 44, and a controller 52 for controlling the drive circuit 48 and the power supply device 50 are included. In. The controller 52 is a programmable (operation-configurable) device configured using a microprocessor or the like, and includes an input device 54 for performing the operation setting. Control system 2
6, a timer 56 indicating the time, a water temperature sensor 58 for measuring the temperature of the stored water in the water storage tank 14, a water level sensor 60 for measuring the water level in the water storage tank 14, and the water levels of the water storage type cooling and heating units 16a to 16c. Sensor 62a to measure
62c, and controls water transport between the water storage tank 14 and the water storage type cooling / heating units 16a to 16c according to the time indicated by the timer 56 and the measurement results obtained from the sensors 58, 60, 62a to 62c. It is configured to be. This control will be described in detail in the following description. The timer 56 may be constructed inside the controller 52 by software using the internal clock of the controller 52.

Next, a specific example of a cooling and heating method performed by using the cooling and heating system 12 will be described. The cooling and heating system 12 utilizes natural energy, and is used for cooling in summer and for heating in winter. In summer, water is stored in the water tank 14 at night. The temperature of the water stored in the water tank 14 for radiant cooling at night falls,
In other words, cold water is stored in the stored water. The clearer the sky, the greater the drop in water temperature. The controller 50 of the control device transports water from the water storage tank 14 to the water storage type cooling and heating units 16a to 16c at a predetermined time in the early morning. Here, the predetermined time is a time at which the water temperature of the water storage tank 14 is expected to start rising. Since the depth of the water storage tank 14 is relatively shallow, the water temperature of the water storage tank 14 in the early morning is lower than the air temperature even if the previous night was cloudy or rainy. In this way, the water storage type cooling / heating units 16a-
Cooling is performed by transmitting the cold heat of the cold water transported to the storage 16c from the storage type cooling / heating units 16a to 16c to the room by a cooling radiation effect or a cooling heat conduction.
At a predetermined time in the evening, water is transported from the water storage type cooling / heating units 16a to 16c to the water storage tank 14 to prepare for nighttime radiation cooling.

In winter, water is stored in the water storage tank 14 during the day, and heat is stored by solar heat absorption. At a predetermined time in the evening, the water temperature of the water storage tank 14 is checked by the water temperature sensor 48,
If it is equal to or higher than the predetermined water temperature, the water is transported from the water storage tank 14 to the water storage type cooling / heating units 16a to 16c. Here, the predetermined time is a time at which the temperature of the water in the water storage tank 14 is expected to start decreasing. In addition, the predetermined water temperature here is a set temperature of a general heating system used in combination (since the system of the present invention uses natural energy, its heating capacity is affected by weather.
Therefore, in practice, it is used together with a general heating system). When the hot water is transported to the storage-type cooling / heating units 16a to 16c, the heat of the transported hot water is transmitted from the storage-type cooling / heating units 16a to 16c to the room by radiation or heat conduction, and heating is performed. When the predetermined time comes in the early morning, the water storage type cooling and heating unit 16a
Water is transported from 16c to the water storage tank 14 to prepare for daytime solar heat absorption.

As described above, in this embodiment, the frame of the building 10 is formed of foamed concrete or the like having excellent heat insulating properties. However, instead of imparting heat insulating properties to the frame, or heat insulating the frame. After imparting the properties, a heat insulating material may be further used. By increasing the heat insulating properties of the building 10, the performance of the cooling and heating system of the present invention can be further improved. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, water as a fluid is used as a heat storage medium,
Since the water is transported to the water storage type cooling / heating units 16a to 16c at a predetermined time and under a predetermined condition, suitable cooling / heating is performed. In addition, the storage type cooling / heating unit 16
a to 16c can take various forms, and can perform cooling and heating from a desired portion such as a wall surface, a floor surface, and a ceiling. Moreover, since the water storage type cooling / heating units 16a to 16c can perform cooling / heating by cooling radiation or warming radiation, it is also possible to mainly perform cooling / heating of a desired spot.

In the illustrated example, the number of the water storage tanks 14 is one, but a plurality of relatively small water storage tanks standardized and mass-produced may be connected in parallel. Furthermore, in that case, it is not necessary to provide all the water storage tanks on the roof, and the water storage tanks may be dispersedly provided in various places.

[0018]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the cooling and heating system and method according to the present invention, the amount of heat can be transferred by transporting water storing hot or cold heat using solar heat absorption and radiation cooling. , Compared to conventional air conditioning and heating systems that use natural energy,
A higher cooling and heating efficiency is obtained, and a flexible cooling and heating system that can be applied to buildings of various structures and can be easily installed in existing buildings is obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an outline of a cooling and heating system according to the present invention, and is a diagram illustrating a state in which water is transported to a water storage tank.

FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 and shows a state in which water is transported to a water storage type cooling / heating unit.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a control system of the cooling and heating system of FIG. 1;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Building 12 Air-conditioning system 14 Water storage tank 16a-16c Air-conditioning unit 18 Water transportation means

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A storage tank which is installed at a position capable of receiving sunlight and radiating heat to outer space, in which storage water is heated and cooled by solar heat absorption and radiation cooling; A storage-type cooling and heating unit that is installed in a location that requires cooling and heating, and that performs heat exchange between the environment of the installation location and the stored water, water is supplied between the storage tank and the storage-type cooling and heating unit. A water heating / cooling system, comprising: water transport means for transport. 2. The air conditioning system according to claim 1, wherein the water storage tank is provided on a roof of the building. 3. The gravitational flow type water transport means for transporting water from the water storage tank to the water storage type cooling and heating unit, and the water transporting means for transporting water from the water storage type cooling and heating unit to the water storage tank. The cooling and heating system according to claim 2, further comprising: 4. The cooling and heating system according to claim 1, wherein the water storage tank has a heat insulating material at least at a bottom portion, and an upwardly directed bottom surface is formed of a material having a large heat radiation rate. 5. The water storage type cooling and heating unit is formed in a panel shape having a heat transfer surface on one or both sides, and the heat transfer surface is formed of a material having a large heat radiation rate.
The cooling and heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 6. The water storage type cooling and heating unit is formed in a panel shape having a heat transfer surface on one or both sides, and the heat transfer surface is formed of a material having a high thermal conductivity.
The cooling and heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 7. The cooling and heating system according to claim 1, wherein the water storage type cooling and heating unit is formed as an interior wall of a building. 8. The storage / cooling / heating unit according to claim 1, wherein the storage / cooling / heating unit is formed as a partition wall in a room.
The cooling and heating system according to the item. 9. The water transport means includes a control system for controlling water transport, the control system comprising: a timer means for indicating time; a water temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of water stored in the water storage tank; 9. The water transport between the water storage tank and the water storage type cooling and heating unit is controlled according to time and the temperature of the stored water in the water storage tank. The cooling and heating system according to the item. 10. A storage tank in which storage water is heated and cooled by solar heat absorption and radiation cooling is installed at a position where sunlight can be received and heat radiation to outer space can be performed. A storage-type cooling and heating unit in which heat exchange is performed between the environment and the stored water is installed at a location in the building that requires cooling and heating, and water is transferred between the storage tank and the storage-type cooling and heating unit. A cooling and heating method characterized by being transported.