JPS58201902A - Seeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for sowing seeds such as rice.

When cultivating rice, so-called transplant cultivation, in which seeds are first germinated in a nursery, grown as seedlings for a certain period of time, and then planted on arable land, is generally carried out, while so-called direct sowing cultivation, in which seeds are directly sown on arable land, is a special method. It is rarely implemented except in special cases. The purpose of this is to ultimately secure a higher yield, and the reason for this is mainly due to the following points. First of all, the purpose is to provide a good growing environment from germination to the early stages of growth, and to cultivate durable rice. The growth of seedlings at this stage is subtly influenced by various conditions and environments, such as the acidity of the cultivated land, the amount and quality of fertilizer, as well as the thickness of the soil cover, temperature, and amount of oxygen.

For this reason, conditions and environments that are as good as possible for germination and growth are artificially created, and seeds are allowed to germinate and grow within that environment, and seedbeds are, so to speak, created for this purpose.

Second, because seeds are sown on the ground, if they continue to grow, rice will grow densely over the entire surface, which not only causes deterioration of growing conditions, but also requires management such as weed removal and cutting at harvest time. This is because there are inconveniences in terms of workability. In order to have good germination conditions, seeds need to be sown very shallowly on the ground (that is, with little soil covering), so the seeds must be sown in a fixed position.
Moreover, it is virtually impossible to maintain this state until the seeds take root. For this reason, a method is generally adopted in which seedlings are grown in a nursery and then planted in rows at regular intervals on cultivated land.

However, even such transplant cultivation aimed at improving yields involves various problems. One is that porting requires a lot of effort. In particular, the planting depth of seedlings has a great effect on tillering, and when planted too deep, the plants do not open well and there are fewer tillers, which causes a big difference in the full maturity period. Therefore, careful attention must be paid to each seedling when planting each seedling.

Although this point has been greatly reduced by mechanization in recent years, the labor involved in porting will not essentially disappear as long as porting is necessary. Next, when transplanting, the dense seedlings are excavated from the nursery and planted while separating each plant, which makes the roots easy to break, which has a negative impact on subsequent growth. In recent years, in order to mechanize transplanting, a shallow dish-shaped container called a seedling box is used as a seedbed, and the seedlings are separated and transplanted directly from there. As the roots grow horizontally and intertwine with each other, cutting of the roots inevitably occurs.

In order to solve these conventional problems, this invention aims to improve the growing conditions for growing plants such as rice, especially during the germination period, and to save labor in cultivation. Please describe in detail.

The seeding method according to the present invention wraps the seeds in mineral soil that has adsorption and water-drawing properties and contains various trace elements, forms a lump,
This lump is buried in cultivated land, and the seeds inside are allowed to germinate and grow. Mineral soils with adsorption properties are often found in nature, especially in clay minerals, and these often contain trace elements necessary for plant growth, such as iron, sodium, calcium, and magnesium. For example, acid clay and montmorillonite, which is often extracted from bentonite, are good examples of such mineral soil. Although its composition varies somewhat depending on the region of production, it is mainly composed of hydrated aluminum silicate (S i Ox / A 403 = 4), and contains small amounts of trace elements such as iron, magnesium, calcium, and sodium, as well as extremely a small amount of manganese,
May contain lithium, zinc, etc. Among the montmorillonites, the present inventors used saponite from northern Ibaraki Prefecture, which has a large base crystal structure and a porous composition structure, so that good results can be obtained. This savonite is generally (M f, A 4F e )
It has a chemical composition of 3 (A 4S 1) 4(4o (OHz)), and its component ratio is approximately S i O272,9
7%, A40,12, 09%, F
e2 033.89%, x, ol, 79%, Na20
1.28%, Ca0O189%, Po,082%, and also contains a small amount of MgO.

These mineral soils can be used as they are, but if necessary, small amounts of trace elements and germination promoters can be added. Although these mineral soils generally maintain a suitable acidity, in some cases it is necessary to adjust the acidity (generally pH 4.5 to 5.0) using sulfur flowers or dilute sulfuric acid. Next, the seeds are wrapped in this mineral soil and made into a lump of an appropriate size. For example, in the case of rice seeds, about 1 to 5 seeds are wrapped and formed into a ball several centimeters in size. This mass can be used immediately after wrapping the seeds, but
When storing, it is best to dry the ore soil thoroughly.

To sow the seeds wrapped in mineral soil in this way, first prepare 1 square meter of cultivated soil using the usual method, apply fertilizer, and then place or bury the clumps on the surface of the ground in an orderly manner at regular intervals, and then water. do. If the lump is placed on the ground surface without being buried, it should be covered with some soil, but it is best to keep it very thin.

After watering, the seeds begin to germinate immediately, and the coleoptiles and roots grow and take root. During this time, the mineral soil surrounding the seeds protects them and holds them in place, but it gradually collapses and swells as it absorbs surrounding water. When the seeds were germinated and established in this manner, the germination rate was improved compared to normal direct sowing, and the seeds established and divided quickly and smoothly. In addition, short spacing between parts, wide leaves, and thick, sturdy growth were observed. There are several reasons behind this phenomenon, but the main reasons are thought to be as follows. It is already well known that natural aluminum silicate contained in mineral soils such as montmorillonite is an inorganic nutrient essential for the germination and growth of plants. For this reason, it absorbs and retains nutrients from the surrounding area where the seeds are placed, along with moisture, and provides this to the seeds and seedlings after germination, promoting germination and growth. In addition, malignant gases such as ammonia gas and nitrogen gas are generated in cultivated soil due to the input of fertilizers, but the mined soil absorbs these gases and suppresses the growth of anaerobic bacteria, while suppressing the growth of aerobic bacteria. Promote and suppress root rot and root burn. Finally, the physical protection function of mineral soil can be mentioned. That is, when a seed germinates, the soil clod wraps it, protects it, and holds it in place. However, after the seeds take root, they crumble and swell in water, as described above, and do not impede growth. In this case, montmorillonite, especially sabonite, has a porous composition structure and has the function of promoting soil agglomeration, so it creates soil with high water retention and air permeability even after the agglomeration has collapsed. There are benefits to maintaining it.

As explained above, according to the method of the present invention, the troublesome labor associated with transplant cultivation can be omitted by the direct sowing method, and it is possible to achieve significant labor savings in cultivation. At the same time, it is possible to eliminate the poor germination and growth conditions that could not be avoided with conventional direct seeding methods, and by allowing germination and growth to occur at appropriate intervals, the growth environment after germination is also favorable. Not only can
It is possible to realize a cultivation form with good management and yield ratio.

Patent applicant Chiaki Kobayashi Shunsuke Yokosuka Agent: Patent attorney Kazuyuki Kitajo

Claims (1)

[Claims] Seeds are wrapped in mineral soil that has adsorption and water absorption properties and contains various trace elements, formed into a lump, buried in cultivated land, and the seeds inside are germinated. , a sowing method characterized by allowing the seeds to grow. The sowing method according to claim 1, wherein the mineral soil is sabonite of the genus montmorillonite.