JPS58532B2 - Shelter No Tameno Hobohan Entoujiyouno Skeleton Frame - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a semi-cylindrical roof which has improved stability and is adapted for quick and easy assembly and disassembly without special mechanical knowledge or skill. It relates to a skeleton structure (skeleton frame) and a covered shelter.

Modular skeleton frame buildings have been demonstrated in the past, and such structures typically have a steel tubular frame coated with plastic, foil, fiber, etc.

For example, one such structure is published as U.S. Patent No. 3,690,078.

This proposed structure has the disadvantage of requiring a large number of tubular cross members to support the rods used to give the structure a semi-cylindrical shape.

Several skeleton frame structures with flexible sheathing have been proposed, but all of them require a significant number of structural members to create the arcuate framework, many of which are non-structural. Cannot be quickly and easily disassembled by skilled personnel.

Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to create a semi-cylindrical modular skeleton frame (unit frame structure) that can be quickly and easily assembled and disassembled even by an unskilled person, and that has greater strength and stability than conventional ones. .

Another object of the invention is to create a relatively inexpensive shelter that can be easily assembled and disassembled at any location and used as temporary or permanent storage.

Yet another objective was to construct a semi-cylindrical roof constructed from prestressed structural members and adjusted to resist applied external forces and loads without significant permanent deformation. The purpose is to create a skeleton frame and a covered shelter.

A further objective is to have equally spaced intersecting arched bars removably mounted on the side rails to resist distortion under applied external forces or loads. The objective is to provide a nearly semi-cylindrical skeleton frame for shelter with greater resistance.

Other objects will become apparent from reading the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The above objects and other objects are achieved according to the invention as follows.

i.e., having a first series of equally longitudinally spaced substantially parallel arcuate sections, these first series of arcuate sections near their ends forming laterally spaced side rails; one end of each section is attached under tension spaced longitudinally from its opposite end, and a second series is spaced longitudinally parallel to each other by a distance equal to the spacing of the bars of the first series. arcuate sections, and these second series of arcuate sections extend by a distance equal to the distance between the ends of the rods of the first series, but in the opposite direction from the spacing of the ends of the rods of the first series. One end of each section is secured longitudinally spaced from the other end to laterally spaced side rails such that one series of bars is attached at least once between the side rails. If a specific restraint is required, the shelter is preferably provided with a roughly semi-cylindrical skeleton frame, characterized in that it intersects the other series of bars more than once.

The lengths of all bars in this first and second series are equal and greater than the distance between the two side rails kept parallel.

The skeleton frame's series or double rods are made of spring steel, fiberglass, or other materials that can be deflected from normal conditions without undergoing permanent deformation.

The term "half-semi-cylindrical skeleton frame" is used herein to mean a rectangular cross-section when cut longitudinally in the center, and a semi-circular arch of less than 180° when cut perpendicular to the rectangular cross-section. Used to describe a structure whose cross section is deflected to form.

The "arch-shaped rod" can be a tube or a solid rod,
It can be bent into any semicircular shape up to 180°, depending on the length of the rod, the distance between the side rails, the required height of the semi-cylindrical part of the inserter, etc.

The bars on each side that intersect with each other are arranged at equal intervals,
It is also possible for each side with different spacing to be tied to the same side rail.

The ends of the skeleton frame are made up of two rods:

One is an arch-shaped rod that is attached directly between the side rails on both sides while applying stress at both ends, and the other is an arc that is extended along a helical shape that is cut in the middle, and is diagonally parallel. Parallel to the first series of bars on one side of the semi-cylindrical skeleton frame and curved from the midpoint to the second series on the other side to complete a network of intersections enclosing a repeating quadrilateral space. is a bar that is parallel to the bar.

External forces or loads applied to the rod tend to deform this parallelogram, and each side of the parallelogram must compensate for the distortion of the other three sides.

Adjacent ends of the two strands may be carefully attached to the side rails, maintaining their normal arched configuration, to provide tension in opposite directions on each part of the pair.

This allows the parallelograms in adjacent rows of rails to be given forces that repel each other.

These forces are transmitted through the distortion of each part of the parallelogram to which an external force is applied.

Skeleton frames can also be constructed as modular structures that can be strung together in series.

Since the length of each arch is equal and the distance between the side rails is equal, the entire surface of the skeleton frame is sufficiently smooth before being covered with a covering.

It is necessary to tighten the clamps on the rods of one chain near the intersection with the rods of the other chain.

The rod tends to distort from its normal shape when squeezed.

Each parallelogram is then distorted and the area between the two clamped intersections of the bars is stressed.

In such a construction, any load applied at any point on the skeleton frame is transferred from bar to bar and supported by the whole as a unit.

The protective covering is removably attached to the skeleton frame, such as by tightening the covering to the side rails or the end of a rod at the end of the frame.

The coating also serves to prevent the semi-cylindrical surface of the entire structure from bowing.

This restraint adds sturdiness and stability to the overall structure.

Side rails at the bottom of the skeleton frame can be supported above ground level, and cladding panels can be hung from the side rails to completely close the sides of the shelter.

The ends of the semi-cylindrical structure may be left open or covered with covering panels attached to members of the skeleton frame.

The invention devises a clamp adapted for use in tightening together the arched bars of a skeleton frame at intersections.

Particularly advantageously, the lamp can be produced by bending vertically arranged parallel semi-cylindrical grooved metal plates.

This groove has an arcuate cross-section of 18001g and has a radius approximately equal to the radius of the rod to be tightened.

If the clamp is made of spring steel, the cross section of the groove may be greater than 180°.

The clamp is bent 180 degrees in the middle so that one groove intersects the other groove.

The longitudinal axis of one groove has the same angle as the inclination of the series of bars in the skeleton frame, and the longitudinal axis of the other groove has the same angle as the inclination of the other series of bars.

Both ends of the metal plate may be rolled up and pressed together.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the shelter. A number of equally spaced spring steel rods A are removably attached to a side rail 10 at one end and the other end is also removably attached to a side rail 11.

The bars A are all of equal length and are longer than the distance between the side rails 10 and 11 so as to form an arch.

In the figure, A attached near the end of the rail 10
It's about 3 feet from A to the next A.

Each section A is attached to the rail 11 at a distance of six feet, measured vertically from the point of attachment to the rail 10.

The angle is therefore acute, and the series of bars somewhat resembles a smaller half of the helical profile.

Each part B of the second series of spring steel bars is removably attached to the rails 10 and 11 in the same manner as A.

The distance between each bar B is similar to that of A, and the respective ends of A and B are joined at the same point next to each other.

The vertical distance between the joint of bar B with rail 11 and the joint with rail 10 is the same as bar A, 6 feet.

However, since A and B are facing in opposite directions, A and B intersect as shown in Figure 1, creating a spiral-shaped portion that is wound in opposite directions.

The angle between the rod B and the rail 11 is an acute angle.

Each part B has the same length as each part A, and forms an arch that rises diagonally and has the same radius as the arch formed by A.

Spring steel bars C are removably attached in an arched manner to the ends of each of the rails 10 and 11, forming the ends of the modular skeleton frame.

The length of the rod C is such that it forms an arch with the same radius as the radius of the semi-cylindrical framework.

One end of the spring steel rod is removably mounted adjacent to the second rod A on the rail 10.

The other end of the bar is mounted on the rail 11 so as to be removable in conjunction with the second bar B.

The rods are clamped at their midpoints to rods C and are therefore bent as shown in FIG. 3 to complete the pattern of the skeleton frame 14.

The cross section of the bar varies depending on the distance it spans, the load it supports, the distance between the intersections, etc.

For example, 7/16 inch diameter rods can be used to create a rigid structure with a 20 foot span.

Side rails 10 and 11 are spaced apart by end rail 12 and are removably connected.

The side rails 10 and 11 and the end rail 12 can be mounted directly on the ground or raised above the ground.

Side rails 10 and 11 may be attached to posts 13 or other structures to prevent movement due to wind or other external forces.

If this skeleton frame is so mounted, end rails 12 are not required.

The skeleton frame 14 can be covered with a covering 15.

And if the side rails 10 and 11 are supported above ground level, as shown in FIG. It is also possible to attach a vertically extending end covering 17 to the rod F so as to completely cover it.

A convenient method of attaching the skeleton frame 14 to the ground or other foundation is shown in FIG.

The post 13 has a bracket 18 attached vertically thereto.

The side rails 10 and 11 are attached to any set of brackets 18 after the posts 13 are driven into the ground according to the desired height of the
It can also be removably attached.

The width of the sag cover 16 and the length of the end panel 17 can be varied depending on the height of the bracket 18.

This skeleton frame can also be attached to any structure instead of using struts.

Clamps 19 at each intersection of rods A and B reinforce the skeleton frame 14.

Since all the bars A and B are tightened together near the intersection, any external force or load applied to any part of the skeleton frame 14 will not affect the skeleton frame 14.
spread throughout the area.

Rods A and B are arched under stress and can withstand compression from any load.

No matter which bar is distorted by an external force, even a large deflection of several inches, the bar will return to its original arched position without permanent distortion as soon as the applied force is removed. be able to.

As shown in Figure 2, if desired, the skeleton frame 1 can be
4 can be further reinforced.

One end of the reinforcing rod or tensile material E is removably attached to the rail 10 and plated onto the rod C between the point where the rod and C are joined and the rail 10, and the reinforcing rod or tensile material E is
The other end is the rod C on the opposite side of the point where the rod and C are connected.
I'm being squeezed.

As shown in Figure 2, another bar E also has rail 1
1 and is fastened to rod C on both sides of the point where rods C and D are joined.

As an alternative to this, a turnbuckle (rod with tightening screw) can be used in place of the rod E.

These rods and ties can be used at any part of the arc of the entire structure.

Two or more skeleton frame structures 14 can also be connected in series to create a longer semi-cylindrical structure.

As shown in FIG. 3, the ends of the skeleton frame 14 can be adjusted to connect modular structures in series.

A spring steel bar F is arched between the rails 10 and 11 parallel to the bar C, with a short distance between them.

As shown in FIG. 3, rod A is fastened to rail 10 between rods C and F, and rod B is fastened to rail 11 between rods C and F.

To connect the skeleton frames, skeleton frames 14 similar to that of FIG. 1 are joined end to end as shown in FIG.

Rods C, F, and D of the unit are tied to the midpoint of rod C midway between rails 10 and 11.

As best shown in FIG. 4, the side rail 10 is made of two spaced apart tubular members or pipes 10a and 10b with a padding 20 welded therebetween.

Three holes are drilled into the upper tube 10a of the rail 10 of each modular skeleton frame.

21 arranged so as to overlap with the hole of the tube 10a
．． A sleeve tube 24 with holes 22, 23, 25, 26, and 27 is connected to the tube 1 of one skeleton frame 14.
0a, and the end of the tube 10a of the second skeleton frame is inserted into the first skeleton frame.
It is inserted into the sleeve tube 24 until it contacts the end of the tube 10a of the frame 14.

The ends of the rods A, C, and F of the first skeleton frame 14 pass through the holes 22, 23, and 21 of the sleeve tube 24 and the holes of the tube 10a below, and are placed on the tube 10b as shown in FIG. be done.

The rods A, C, F of the second skeleton frame 14 are placed on the surface of the tube 10b through the holes 26, 25, 27, respectively, and through the holes in the tube 10a below.

The ends of the tubes 10b of the two skeleton frames touch each other as shown in FIG.

The second sleeve tube 24 is the tube 11a of the rail 11.
The rods B, C, and F are attached to the ends of the 2
The two skeleton frames are inserted into the holes of the sleeve pipe and tube 11a so as to connect the two skeleton frames together on the side rail 11 side.

The two skeleton frames 14 are thus serially and removably connected.

The ends of the modular skeleton frame 14, to which no other skeleton frames are attached, can be fitted with cross rails or end rails 12, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5.

Each end of the rail 12 is bent at a right angle as shown in FIG.

As described in the explanation of FIG. 4, the sleeve tube 24 is fitted into the end of the tube 10a of the side rail 10, and the rods A, C2F are connected to the hole 22° 23.21 and the tube 1 below it.
It is inserted into the hole 0a.

The end of the terminal rail 12 is inserted through the other opening of the sleeve tube 24 such that the holes in the rail 12 overlap the holes 25, 26, 27 in the sleeve tube 24.

A pin or bolt 29 is then inserted into the hole 28 in the rail 12 attached to the sight rail 10 and into one of the holes in the sleeve tube.

The opposite end of rail 12 is similarly attached to the end of rail 11.

Since the arched bars A, B, C, D, E, F are spring steel, they are under stress and their ends try to return to their normal straight state or bend to their normal radius. When trying to return to the original position, the sleeve tube 24, rail 1
0a, keep pressing the side wall of the hole in rail 11a.

It is possible to use rods of the same radius as the assembled structure, but then there is a loss in the careful stressing of the rods at the point where they are transferred to the side rails, and the rotational moment applied to the rods from the rails is lost. is weakened.

In some cases, the pressure exerted by the rod on the side walls of the hole may be sufficient to eliminate the need for securing with fasteners or the like.

However, it is generally necessary to attach a fastening fitting.

As shown in Figure 1, bars A and B are tightened near the intersection.

Also, as shown in Fig. 3, the fittings of bars C, F, and D can also be matched.

A ramp 29 suitable for fixing the rod at all these points is shown in FIGS. 6, 7, 8 and 9.

As shown in Figure 7, the clamp 19 has two holes 2 near both ends.
It is made of metal plate with 9 and 29a.

One plate is wrapped around rod A and the other plate is wrapped around rod B, as shown in FIG.

The distance between the centers of holes 29 and 29a is the distance between the two clamps 1
9 is of such length that, when fitted around rods A and B, there is always a gap between the overlapping ends for further tightening with bolts 30.

In FIG. 8, clamp 19 is shown clamping the ends of rods A and B between rods A and B between tubes 10a and 10b.

Another type of clamp that can be used to removably attach rods A and B at the intersection is shown in FIGS.
It is shown at ゜12.

A pair of semi-cylindrical grooves 31 and 31 as shown in Figures 10 and 11
a is attached to a metal plate 32.

The vertical axes of the grooves 31 and 31a form angles α and β at the intersections of the rod A and the rail 10 and the rod B and the rail 11.

Plate 32 is bent along line 33 and wrapped around rods A and B at the intersection, as shown in FIG.

Plate 32 has a pair of curled ends 34 and 34a at one end thereof.
12, and apart from each other there is also a folded end 36 at the other end so as to interlock when the plates 32 are folded around rods A and B as shown in FIG.

A pin 37 is inserted into the interlocking rolled portions 34, 36, 34a to secure the clamp.

The side walls of the grooves 31 and 31a are semicircular with an diameter of 1800 mm or less.

The surface of the semi-cylindrical skeleton frame 14 may be covered with any suitable flexible coating such as polyethylene film, vinyl chloride film, aluminum plate, steel plate, cloth, etc.

A particularly advantageous material for coating 15 is "Tu-Tuf" vinyl chloride sheet sold by 5to-Cote Products, Inc. of Chicago, Illinois.

Tu-Tuf'' is a laminated (vinyl membrane) made by pressing the surfaces of two extruded thin films together with the surface of one sheet at right angles to the surface of another sheet. (covered) sheet.

A suitably sized rectangular web is attached to the semi-cylindrical skeleton frame 14 for attaching the covering 15.

As shown in FIG. 13, the lower end is wrapped around the web 10b on the one hand and the tube 11b on the other hand.

A lamp 40 (with a C-shaped cross section), as is often seen on bicycles.
is coated 1 on the ends of the web and tubes 10b and 11b.
5 are rammed at spaced points along the rails 10 and 11.

If the rails 10 and 11 are attached directly to the ground, the side panels 16 are not needed.

However, the rails 10 and 11 can be supported above the ground, in which case they can be provided with vertical covering panels 16, as shown in FIG.

The upper end of the covering 16 is wrapped around the tubes 10a and 11a, and a bicycle-shaped clamp 40a as shown in FIG. 13 is attached to the rail 10.
It is possible to attach it to the rails 10 and 11 by pressing it in places along the rails 10 and 11.

The ends of the skeleton frame 14 can also be hung as shown in FIG. 1 and closed with panels 17.

The bicycle-shaped clamp 40 connects the coating 16 to the tube 10a.
It can be used to attach the sheathing 17 to the rod F in the same way as it was attached to the rod F.

Waterproofing and joints can be provided at the ends of the shelter by clamping the ends of the sheathing 15 to rods C in places and the panels 17 to rods F, as shown in FIG.

FIG. 15 shows that when two skeleton frames 14 are connected in series, each modular unit has a covering 15.
A method to obtain this is shown.

The sheath 15 of one skeleton frame 14 is wrapped around the rod F of the other skeleton frame 14 and tightened in a bicycle-shaped clamp 40.

Each skeleton frame 14 has a rod C but a rod F.
If you don't have one, an alternative method is
The sheathing 15 of one unit is wrapped around the rod C of the other unit and tightened in places with bicycle-shaped clamps 40, and the sheathing 15 of the other unit is wrapped around the rod C of the same unit.
One method is to wrap it around the rod C of the first unit through the bottom of the rod C and secure it with a bicycle clamp 40.

It is also possible to attach the ends and side corners of the solter to skids 45 as shown in FIG. 17, and tow the entire shelter from one place to another.

A regular skid or a small car can be used for this.

The distance between the points at which the arched bar is attached to one side rail and the other side rail varies.

The larger this distance is compared to the distance between the two side rails, the more intersections there will be, the shorter the partial length of the bars between the intersections, and the stronger and more stable the structure will be.

As shown in FIG. 18, the second rod A from the left is attached to the rail 10 at a point taken vertically from one end of the rail 10.

The remaining rods A are then equally spaced along the rail 10, with the last rod A being placed at a distance from the other end of the rail 10 equal to the distance between the second rod A and one end of the rail 10. ing.

The spacing between the bars A is approximately twice the distance between the second and last bar A and the end of its adjacent rail 10.

The rod B is also arranged on the rail 11 in the same manner.

20 foot span between rails 10 and 11, bar length 29
feet, bar device at 3-foot intervals, rail 10 of bar A
A construction with a vertical distance of 9 feet between the top attachment point and the top attachment point 11 results in five intersections on each section A and B.

This structure is much stronger than one of the same size but with only 6 feet of vertical distance between the attachment points on attachment points 11 on bar rails 10.

To complete the network of structures of FIG. 18, the first rod A is attached to the rail 11, but
If it continues to extend, it will pass through the rod C and go beyond the end of the rod 10.

As shown in Figure 18, this rod A is bent at the point where it intersects with rod C,
It is attached to the rail 10 near the second rod A.

The first rod B is similarly bent and attached to the rail 11.

Rods A and B of the same shape are also used at the opposite ends of rails 10 and 11.

As shown in Figure 18, the vertically extending top rods and ribs are placed at approximately the midpoint of the semi-cylindrical skeleton frame between rod A and rod B.
It may be attached to.

Although a lamp as shown in the figure is preferred for joining the rods, other types of clamps may be used.

For example, rods A and B may be tightened together by screwing in a U-shaped clamp with a bulge and groove designed to fit snugly over rods A and B just above or below the intersection. can.

These clamps are similar to clothes pins.

The ends of rods A, B, C2D, E, F can be attached by any suitable method.

For example, if the groove is longer than the sum of the diameters of the rods, the tube 10
Incisions may be made in the upper surfaces of a and 11a.

The end of the rod is bent into an L-shape and inserted into the groove, and the L-bend rests against the inner wall of the tube.

A wedge may then be driven between two adjacent bars to secure them.

The sheathing can be sewn around the side rails or end bars, or the lined lace holes can be used to fasten the sheathing to the skeleton frame.

However, the disadvantage of stitching is that the covering is difficult to remove when the shelter is disassembled.

A skeleton with rods A and B joined at the intersection.
The frame has the advantage of acting as a unit in absorbing the energy of applied external forces and loads.

With such a frame, a Neltar can withstand high-velocity winds without major damage to the skeleton frame.

Moreover, the pattern of support provided by the skeleton frame to the coating minimizes fractures and other damage to plastic films and other relatively fragile materials.

This skeleton frame is very light.

For example, the arched section made of 7/16 inch rods A and B in Figure 1 has a 1/2 inch arch for each square foot of area covered.
It is 2 pounds.

Although this invention has been described in detail, such detailed description is for illustrative purposes only, and a person of some skill will be able to understand the invention without being bound by the legal rights to this invention.
It should be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a modular shelter according to the invention, with a portion of the sheathing removed to reveal the generally semi-cylindrical skeleton frame supporting the sheathing. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the modular skeleton frame structure of FIG. 1 showing one example of reinforcement for the skeleton frame and means of attaching the structure to the ground. Figure 3 is a plan showing a portion of the modular structure of Figure 1, with a portion of the cladding removed to illustrate how the two modular structures are connected in series; Figure 4 is a plan showing a portion of the modular structure of Figure 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of the section 4-4 showing the side rails. FIG. 5 is an enlarged exploded perspective view of the side rails of the skeleton frame illustrating how the side rails are connected to the front and rear end rails. FIG. 6 is a side view showing the portion 6-6 in FIG. 3, and is a view showing a clamp (fastener) for tightening two rods (rondo). FIG. 7 is a plan view showing half of the clamp before installation. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the clamp of FIG. 7 attached to 8-8 of FIG. 3. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken at 9-9 of FIG. 6, and FIG. 10 is a side view showing an alternative clamp for clamping the stressed arcuate rods (rondos) of the skeleton frame together at the intersection. 11 is a plan view thereof. FIG. 12 is a side view showing the clamps of FIGS. 10 and 11 attached at the intersection. FIG. 13 is an assembled view of the clamp and side rail showing how the sheathing is attached to the side rail. FIG. 14 is a partial cross-sectional view showing how the coating is attached to the ends of the modular skeleton frame. FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view showing how the sheathing is applied to a series connection of two modular skeleton frames. FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view of an alternative to FIG. 15. FIG. 17 is a side view showing one possible configuration for towing the entire invention from one location to another. FIG. 18 is a cutaway plan view showing a desirable shape of this invention. 10.11...Side rail, 12...End rail,
A...First series of bars, B...Second series of bars, 14...Skeleton frame, 19...Clamp at the intersection of bars A and B.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 a pair of laterally spaced side rails, a means for maintaining the side rails substantially equally spaced along their length; The side rail includes a first series of stressed, generally parallel bars attached at opposite ends to the other side rail, the point of attachment of one end of the bar to the side rail being at a spaced longitudinally from the point of attachment of the other end to the other side rail, and that is substantially equally spaced longitudinally and that connects one side rail at one end to the other side rail at the other end; a second series of substantially parallel bars attached to the rail, the point of attachment of one end of the bar to the side rail being separated by a distance approximately equal to the spacing between the opposite ends of the bars of the first series; The ends of the bars in the series are longitudinally spaced apart from the point of attachment of the other end of the bar to the other side rail in a direction opposite to the spacing of the ends of the bars so that one series of bars is separated from the other series. intersects at least one bar of the second series, the spacing of the bars of the second series is approximately equal to the spacing of the bars of the first series, and all said bars are substantially equal in length and greater than the spacing of the side rails. for a shelter, whereby said rods are generally arcuate and under tension, and are provided with means for securing the rods together adjacent the points of intersection. Almost semi-cylindrical skeleton
flame