JPS587695A - Music composing system - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a musical notation method that uses a computer to process note/rest length data and interval data obtained by key operations during keyboard performance to convert them into musical scores in real time. It is related to.

Conventionally, as a quantization method in a score transcription device, the difference Dn-
The quantized value SIl is calculated from Dn.

In the case of this method (hereinafter referred to as the Dn-D,j method), if the keys are operated accurately according to the notes and notes written on the musical score, no matter which quantization method is used, there will be no quantization error. never occurs.

Therefore, a basket surface corresponding to the beat number of notes and rests can be obtained, but it is almost impossible for the general public, especially those who are learning, to operate the keyboard according to the musical score.

Therefore, if a melody played on a keyboard is quantized in real time and converted into a musical score, errors in rendering it as a doji will inevitably occur. In particular, with the conventional Dn-Dn-1 method, the accumulation of quantization errors increases as the second half of the measure progresses, and the timing of the actual keyboard press and the transcribed musical score appear to be significantly different. I end up. Also, this becomes less consistent with the beat A towards the latter half of the measure. Furthermore, the degree of quantization error cannot be determined until the transcribed musical score is actually played back, and the editing process for the transcribed musical score becomes extremely troublesome.

Therefore, the inventors of the present application have developed a method that has already been applied for. The above-mentioned conventional problem is solved by proposing a method of converting notes into dojis according to key press operations based on the difference (DTl-X,) between the value Sn and the total sum Xn.

This Dwa-x! With method 1, the cumulative error of doji conversion is small, so the coincidence between the transcribed score and the timing of the actual key press is better than the -Dn method, and the transcription is relatively accurate. However, if the measures are long, there may be times when the transcribed score and the timing of the actual key presses do not match. This is D! Even with the 1-Xn method, if music transcription continues, quantization errors will inevitably accumulate.

Therefore, for example, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 1, the note/rest length data D1 is taken in from the 11th note/rest length from the beginning of the measure by key operation, and the note/rest length data D1 is the one before this. ．． −
The total sum of quantized values is

If D is in the relationship shown in FIG. 1 with respect to data D, it will not be displayed as a musical score even though the notes are played.

Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 2, if the difference between pnDn-j is less than 7, it is not displayed as a musical note), and the sum of the quantized values Xn for the captured data D0 is in the positional relationship shown in Fig. 2. , the difference is 2 or more in the D knee Xn method. This had the disadvantage that it appeared on the musical score even though the notes were not actually played, and it caused irrationality and made it impossible to transcribe accurately.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to create a Dn without erasing the information on notes actually played and without displaying information on notes that have not been played.
- To provide a music transcription method that enables accurate music transcription using the Xri method.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 3 shows an example of the scoring system according to the present invention.
Reference numeral 1 is a keyboard device, and this keyboard device 1 includes a rising detection circuit 2 that detects when a key is pressed and outputs a key-on signal PE, and a rise detection circuit 2 that detects that the pressing force is released from the key and outputs a key-off signal. The falling edge that outputs NΣ is detected by the υ detection circuit 3 and
A note/rest determination circuit 4 for determining whether a note or a rest is present, and an interval encoder 5 for encoding into 5-bit data an interval corresponding to the note name of a key when the key is pressed are connected. The above rising is the key-on signal P sent from the 9 signal detection circuit 2.
The key-off signal NE sent from the K and falling edge detection circuit 3 is sent to the latch circuit 7 via the signal control circuit 6.
It is applied as a latch signal for taking in rest length data and as a data interrupt signal INT of the central processing unit 9 connected to the latch circuit 7 via the 14-board 8. Furthermore, the 5-bit pitch data from the pitch code 5 is latched into a latch circuit 11 via an AND gate 10 controlled by a signal from the note/rest determining circuit 4, and The latch control is performed by the latch signal from the signal control circuit 6, and the pitch data of the latch circuit 11 is transferred to the port 8.
The sound/rest length data is then processed into musical score data by the CPU 9 together with the note/rest length data taken into the CPU 9 from the latch circuit 7, and stored in a storage device or display device (not shown), etc. It is now sent to .

The note/rest length data latched by the latch circuit 7 is supplied from the counter 12, and the counter 12 receives the clock signal CK sent from the time signature lock generation circuit 13.
The count contents of the counter 12 are counted up sequentially, and each time the latch signal sent from the signal control circuit G is supplied to the latch circuit 7, a sound/pause is generated. It is latched as code length data and taken into the ficPU9 by the interrupt signal INT.

That is, when the latch signal generated by the key-on signal PK is supplied to the latch circuit 7 and the latch signal generated by the key-off signal NE is supplied to the latch circuit 7 (corresponding to the period during which the key is pressed), the count contents of the counter 12 are as follows. As the note length data, after the latch signal generated by the key-off signal NE is supplied to the latch circuit 7, the latch signal generated by the key-on signal PE generated by the next key press operation is supplied to the latch circuit 7.
The counted contents of the counter 12 when the key is supplied (corresponding to the period in which the key is not pressed) are taken into the latch circuit 7 as rest length data.

Reference numeral 14 denotes a bar line judgment circuit, and this judgment circuit 14 sends out one pulse every four beats of a quarter note in 1/J1 section, for example, in 4/4 time, and this bar line signal BS is It is added as a clear signal to the counter 12, and is cleared every time the υ counter 12 counts a count value corresponding to one measure (4/4 time) (for example, 256 counts in 4/4 time). be. Further, the bar line signal BS from the determination circuit 14 is inputted as an interrupt signal to the CPU 9 through the signal control circuit 6. Furthermore, a signal obtained by frequency-dividing the clock signal from the beat clock generation circuit 13 by a frequency dividing circuit 15 is applied to the bar line determination circuit 14. The signal is frequency-divided so that, for example, one pulse is generated for one beat of a quarter note.Therefore, when the judgment circuit 14 counts four divided clocks, it outputs the bar line signal BS. become.

Further, the CPU 9 is able to accurately convert played note information into a musical score by performing processing according to the flow shown in FIG. 7, which will be described later.

Next, the operation of the score transcription system of the present invention will be explained.

When the player presses the keys on the keyboard device 1 and the key force is applied in the pattern shown in FIG. The key-on signal PK as shown in FIG. 4(b) is output, and the fall occurs when the pressing force on the key is released.The detection circuit 3 outputs the key-on signal PK as shown in FIG. 4(-). A key-off signal NE is output.

On the other hand, at the same time as the system is initialized, the clock signal from the beat clock generation circuit 13 is supplied to the counter 12, which causes the counter 12 to count up, and at the same time, the clock signal is divided by the division circuit 15.
The bar line determination circuit 14 converts this branch output signal into a dicrant signal, thereby transmitting a bar signal at each bar break.

Each time a bar line signal is sent out, the counted contents of the counter 12 are cleared, and the bar line signal is sent to the CPU 9 via an interrupt and a latch circuit 7 via the signal control circuit 6 along with the key-on signal PK and key-off signal NE. ,1
It becomes a latch signal of 1. Furthermore, when the key-on signal PIC and the key-off signal NE are supplied to the latch circuit 7, the counted contents of the counter 12 are taken into the latch circuit 7 as note/rest length data each time; The note/rest length data is taken into the CPU 9 by an interrupt command.

Among the data taken into the latch circuit 7, the count value corresponding to the period t1+ts+ts in FIG. 4 corresponds to the original note length data, and the count value corresponding to the period t2+L4 corresponds to the note length. Corresponds to the long original data.

In addition, the pitch data formed by the pitch encoder 5 and the note/rest determination circuit 4 is latched in the latch circuit 11 by a signal (key-on, key-off) from the signal control circuit 6, and is further latched by the CPU 9 by an interrupt command to VccPU9. be taken into account.

Also, when the bar line signal is sent out, the counter 12 is cleared, and as a result of this clearing, the C note/rest length data becomes 0 and is taken into the CPU 9, and further sent to the latch circuit 11. The O data is also latched and taken into the CPU 9 as is.

As described above, the CPU 9 carries out the notation processing of the musical score by importing the above data, but the quantization of notes/rests during this notation processing is processed within the CPUQ as described below. Ru. The seventh prisoner shows the processing flow.

In this FIG. 7, first, when the device is started,
In step S1, each data is latched in the latch circuits 7 and 11 by the keyboard operation or the measure a signal, and then the CP
An interrupt command to U9 causes the latch circuit 7 to take note/rest length data, and the latch circuit 11 to take pitch data into cpυ9. After that, the process moves to step S2. -Dll-1'>/' processing, that is, the difference between the current note/rest length data pn& and the previous note/rest length data Dn-1 by key operation is 7 or more sixteenth notes. Determine whether or not. Here, when it is determined that the difference between D knee D, is greater than or equal to 0 (NO), that is, less than 7, the CPU 9 immediately returns to step S1 and performs the next step because the information should be erased. Wait until data can be imported. In this case, in order to determine Dn-Dll-1〉JS in step S2 before Dll-X-quantization, <on''!l- as shown in FIG.
Dll1 X, O difference s'
Even if there are 7 or more, its quantization processing power will not be executed. That is, in the above state, -X,':2,
Since Dn Dn-1<J"i, it is determined that this is the information that should be deleted, and no transcription processing is performed. Note that Dtl-X by the next data acquisition.

The quantization of is D! I+1-x! Do it in 1 hour.

Finally, in step s2, if the difference between Dll-pn-1 is determined to be 7 or more (YES), the process moves to step 85 and Dn-Xn:? It is determined whether or not it is 7F3. As a result, the difference between υDゎ−chi is more than n ( y
gs ), in step S4 D
ll Xn is quantized, and then the next step S5
, and convert the now quantized value S to the previous sum xn
Then, the process returns to step S1 and waits for the next data acquisition.

Next, a case where the determination result of Dn-Xゎ〉/ in step SS is determined to be 2 or less (Dll-Xn<7) will be described. In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, even though it was determined in step S2 that a note with a length of Since the sum of the quantized values X is at the position shown, that is, due to the cumulative error of the quantized values, quantization advances beyond the position of data D - 1, and the difference between D3 and x1 is substantially reduced to 7 or less. This is because Therefore, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 6, the quantized value S! between -IXn-1! l-1t
It is sufficient to downgrade the rank to s'11= and perform quantization between X- and Dll.

This process is performed in step B6r87.

That is, if it is determined in step S3 that Dn-Xtl<2, the process moves to step S6 and a rank down job with a quantization value of 50-1 is executed. That is, as shown in Figure 6, D
If the value obtained by quantizing between ll- and X
n-8,-1+ S'l-+ (However, xll-sn,-
1"x!l-1) to obtain Dn-xn>
fi, and then go to step S4 and quantize 1-X. In this way,
Even if the notes are D, -D, -1〉 and Dknee xo<, the score can be reliably transcribed without erasing the information of the notes actually played. Note that in the present invention, the difference between Dll-Dn-1 is not limited to force. Furthermore, the pitch input means for singing is not limited to a keyboard device, but may also be a combination of a microphone and a pitch extractor.

As described above, according to the present invention, the note/rest length data D11, which is sequentially taken in to the CPU for each rising and falling signal associated with a keyboard performance, and the note/rest length data D11 before this, are provided.
The step of determining whether the difference between , , and a step of determining whether the difference D11-Xn from the sum of the quantized values X1 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, and when it is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, performing quantization of 1-Xn as is; When this happens, the quantized value of the previous Dn-X11 is down-ranked, and the total sum including this down-ranked quantized value is X'1.
Since the notation processing is done separately from the step of quantizing Dn-x′ゎ using Information on played notes is not erased ('fcJ) or information on unplayed notes is not displayed, and it is possible to accurately transcribe musical tone information in accordance with the performance.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 are explanatory diagrams schematically showing conventional quantization states, FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the scoring method according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a rising and falling detection according to the present invention. A time chart for explaining the circuit, FIGS. 5 and 6 are explanatory diagrams schematically showing the quantization state according to the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a flowchart of the scoring processing method according to the present invention. 1...Keyboard device, 2...Start-up detection circuit, 3...
・Falling edge detection circuit, 4... Sound/rest determination circuit, 5.
... Pitch encoder, 6... Signal control circuit, 7...
Sound/rest length data latch circuit, 8...Robot, 9.
...cpu, 11... pitch data latch circuit, 13.
...Beat lock generation circuit, 14...Measure judgment circuit. Patent Applicant Representative Patent Attorney Tadashi Monma - Fang 6 Figure (Table 7 1 Figure 16 (/'JXL) Figure i7

Claims (1)

[Claims] A pitch input device such as a keyboard device, multiple rising and falling signals associated with the operation of the device, and note/rest length data and pitch data each time a bar line signal is sent. In a device that imports a note/rest length data Dfl into a central processing unit and processes it for transcription, the difference between the note/rest length data Dfl taken into the central processing unit and the previous note/rest length data Dn-1 is a predetermined value. The step of determining whether or not the value is greater than or equal to the value, and the determination result in this determination step is the difference between the note/rest length data taken into the central processing unit and the sum of quantized values from the beginning of the measure X11 A step of determining whether Dn-Xn is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and when the result in this determination step is greater than or equal to the predetermined value, the data D that has just been imported is processed.
, ll and the total sum X11, and when the judgment result of D11-Xn is less than a predetermined value,
The previous quantized value of Dn-Xn is down-ranked and quantized based on the difference between this and the nine data Dn currently captured based on the total sum Xt including the quantized value. A scoring method characterized by having a step of performing.