JPS5913006Y2 - Hydraulic drive system for shredder - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention is a hydraulic motor for driving a shredder, that is, a device that mainly divides or crushes waste into small pieces.
A drive device for a rotary shredder having a pair of hydraulic pumps;
In particular, the present invention relates to a drive device having a conversion control valve for reversing the flow of fluid passing through a hydraulic motor to reverse the shredder and prevent jamming.

The basic object of the invention is the hydraulic motors, which can therefore be operated together or separately to drive the cutting elements of the Schleg.
The present invention provides a drive device for a shredder having a pair of electric hydraulic pumps.

Another object of the present invention is to automatically reverse the direction of fluid flow to the hydraulic motor to reverse the motor and shredder in response to excessive hydraulic motor circuit pressure indicative of approaching a jam condition. The object of the present invention is to obtain a drive device having an electro-hydraulic reversing control device which operates in accordance with the present invention.

The device of the present invention comprises a pair of constant displacement hydraulic pumps, each of which is connected to a separate electric motor, and a hydraulic motor control circuit connects the hydraulic pumps to a hydraulic motor to generate hydraulic pressure. A motor rotates the cutter of a rotary shredder.

The control circuit is provided with a conversion valve for converting fluid flow and electrically actuated by a fluid pressure actuated switch.

This switch reverses the direction of fluid flow through the hydraulic motor, ie, reverses the direction of cutter rotation, to prevent jamming when the fluid pressure in the hydraulic motor circuit increases to an abnormally high level.

More specifically, when high pressure is detected, the switch energizes a time delay relay reversal control circuit to operate the converter valve for a predetermined period of time, after which the valve is shifted to its normal position to continue shredding.

The hydraulic pumps can be operated individually or together;
A low output shredding operation and a high output shredding operation are performed as necessary.

The advantages of using a hydraulic drive device for the shredder drive device in the present invention are as follows.

1. In a shredder, the load applied to the machine changes continuously, and a large torque is sometimes required momentarily.

As a result of adopting a hydraulic drive device, there is a hydraulic circuit between the electric motor that drives the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor, so even if a large load is applied to the shredder, the hydraulic pump motor will not be overloaded. It never becomes.

Therefore, heavy loads can be applied with confidence.

2. When directly driven by an electric motor, the motor is reversed by sensing an increase in current, but frequent reversal of the motor often causes seizure.

In this invention, when an overload occurs, the current does not increase.
When an increase in hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic circuit is sensed and this increase continues for a period of time, the flow of hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic circuit reverses and the direction of the hydraulic motor reverses.

However, the rotation direction of the electric motor for driving the hydraulic pump is constant.

Although the direction of the electric motor does not change, seizure does not occur due to frequent reverse changes of the electric motor.3 As a result of adopting a hydraulic drive system, only one hydraulic pump can be used for shredding operations with relatively low loads. In case of heavy-duty shredding work, it can be configured to use two hydraulic pumps.
You can choose between using one hydraulic pump or two hydraulic pumps depending on the load, increasing the capacity of the shredder and reducing the amount of material to be shredded. Have flexibility.

The invention will be explained with reference to the drawings.

1 to 4 of the drawings, the drive device of the present invention is used in a rotary shredding device, i.e., a rotary shredder.

The shredder has an upwardly opening hopper 10 which conveys rubber tires, glass, wood chips, stone and other difficult-to-shred wastes to the shredding elements of the shredder.

A support frame 14 houses the shred element in the shredder housing 12 below the hopper and supports it on legs 16.
Install this element on top.

The accumulated shredded material is conveyed by belt conveyor 18 through the bottom opening of the shred housing.

The shredding elements of this apparatus are shown in FIG. 3, with a series of identical plate cutter elements 24 mounted on a pair of parallel, horizontally spaced driven cutter shafts 20.22, equally spaced along the shafts 20.22. position.

The cutter 24 on the shaft 20 is fixed in place along this shaft and projects into the gap between the cutters 24 on the other shaft 22 .

The equiaxes are usually rotated in opposite directions, such that the tops of the cutters on the two axes are rotated toward each other.

This rotation causes the material fed into the hopper from above to be lowered between the two shafts and shredded.

The cutter elements include peripheral shredding teeth shown at 24a on some of the elements.

Such shred teeth interact with corresponding shred teeth of other adjacent cutter elements to shred or break up or break up the material.

The arrows on the cutter elements on the two axes indicate the rotation of the respective axes as viewed from above in FIG.

The cutter shaft 20.22 is driven by a radial piston type hydraulic motor 26 mounted on one end of the transmission housing 28 containing the gear train 30, and power is transmitted from the cutting shaft 32 of the motor 26 to drive both shafts in opposite directions. Rotate.

This gear train provides the desired speed reduction from the output shaft to the cutter shaft so that the cutter shaft rotates at different speeds, preferably at a speed ratio of 2:1.

For this purpose, the gear 3 of the output shaft 32 of the hydraulic motor 26 is
4 and a gear 36 which is on the extension part 38 of the cutter shaft 22 and has twice the number of teeth as the gear 34, and the output shaft 32
The shaft 22 is driven at half the speed of .

The second gear 40 on the extension part 38 is connected to the extension part 4 of the cutter shaft 20.
It meshes with the large gear 42 on top of 4.

Since the gear 42 has twice the number of teeth as the gear 40, it rotates the shaft 20 at twice the speed of the shaft 22 in the opposite direction.

The hydraulic electrical elements of the device driving the hydraulic motor 26 are supported by a separate support table 46 .

A hydraulic tank 48 is provided on this table, and an electric control panel 50 is supported at one end thereof.

A portion of this tank (not shown) may be raised as required;
The hydraulic fluid is allowed to flow by gravity to the hydraulic element.

As shown in FIG. 4, a first constant displacement hydraulic fluid pump 60 is driven by an electric motor 52 mounted on the top of the tank 48 via an output shaft, a shaft coupling 56, and an input shaft 58.

Similarly, the output shaft 6 is driven by another electric motor 62 at the top of the tank.
4. Drive the second constant displacement hydraulic fluid pump 70 through the shaft coupling 66 and the input shaft 68;

These pumps 60 are connected by a hydraulic circuit 72 to the motor 26.
．． 70 is connected to supply driving fluid to the motor 26.

Diverter valve 74 in hydraulic circuit 72 directs fluid from pump 60.70 in one direction through motor 26 for shredding and directs fluid in the opposite direction through motor 26 when the shredder begins to jam. .

Hydraulic circuit 7 is configured so that only one pump can be operated to supply fluid to motor 26 during light shredding operations.
Pump 60.70 is connected within 2.

Additionally, both pumps are operated together to provide fluid to the motor 26 during the bulk shredding operation.

A portion of the fluid returning from motor 26 to tank 48 is passed through a cooling system within housing 76 for cooling.

Another electric motor 78 drives a fluid delivery pump 80 via its associated shaft and coupling 79 and supplies fluid to the pump 60.70 and the hydraulic circuit 72 through a delivery hydraulic circuit 82.

Hydraulic Circuit Details As can be seen from FIG. 5, which shows the motor, pump and hydraulic circuit described in connection with FIG. 74 into the high pressure inlet 88.

Similarly, fluid from pump 70 flows through check valve 90 and high pressure pipe 86 to high pressure inlet 88 .

A low pressure line 94 connects the low pressure outlet 92 of the conversion valve 74 to the fluid inlet of the pump 60.70.

Motor 26 by a hydraulic motor circuit including tubes 96,98
is connected to a control or conversion valve 74.

The springs 100, 102 force the converter valve 74 into the neutral position shown in FIG.
8 is connected directly to the low pressure outlet 92, which de-energizes the motor 26 and deactivates the shredder.

When you wish to shred, the electric solenoid 10
6 to open the inlet to the hydraulic valve 108.

In this way, hydraulic fluid flows from the low pressure pipe 94 through the pilot passage 110 and further through the hydraulic valve 108 into the tank 48.

Fluid passing through valve 108 shifts control or converter valve 74 to the right in FIG.

This shift I connects the high pressure line 86 to the motor circuit line 96 and the line 98 to the low pressure line 94.

When the high pressure pipe 86 is connected to the pipe 96 and the pipe 98 is connected to the low pressure pipe 94, the motor 26 is operated in the normal direction and shredding is performed by the cutter shaft of the shredder.

When the pressure inside the high pressure pipe 86 is within the normal pressure range, the spring 1
14 conventionally pushes the fluid-operated electrical switch 112 to the open position.

When the fluid pressure in high pressure line 86 is above this normal range, switch 112 is closed, closing the electrical control circuit described below with reference to FIG.

The conversion valve 74 is closed for a predetermined period of time by closing this circuit.
energizes the electric solenoid 116 of.

Energizing solenoid 116 opens an inlet to hydraulic valve 118 allowing fluid to flow from passageway 110 through hydraulic valve 118 and into tank 48 .

Fluid passing through hydraulic valve 118 shifts control valve 74 to the left in FIG. 5, which is the reverse position.

This shift connects high pressure pipe 86 to pipe 98 and
is connected to the low pressure pipe 94.

As a result, the fluid flow through motor 26 is reversed from its forward normal direction.

As discussed above, this reversal of fluid flow causes pump 26 to
Reverse the direction of.

The cutters are therefore rotated in a direction opposite to that during shredding, ejecting material trapped between the cutters.

Variable orifice 120 and pressure gauge 122 in pilot passage 110 facilitate regulating fluid pressure in pilot passage 110 to a level that does not damage valves 108, 118 and control valve 74 when actuating solenoids 106, 116. .

A fluid delivery pump 80 supplies hydraulic fluid from the tank 48 following the filter 124 to the low pressure line 94 at the inlet of the pump 60.70.

When filter 82 becomes clogged, spring-loaded check valve 126 creates a bypass loop around filter 82.

Replenishment fluid for pump flow 0 is supplied from tank 48 through normally open gate valve 128 and check valve 130, and pump 7
A normally open gate valve 132 and a check valve 13 provide replenishment liquid for 0
Supply through 4.

When the pressure difference between tubes 86,94 exceeds a predetermined upper limit, a high pressure relief valve 136 connected between tubes 86,94 opens.

As the temperature of the hydraulic fluid flowing through this hydraulic system increases, the pressure within tube 94 increases and exceeds the pressure set by constant pressure valve 138.

In this case, a portion of the fluid in the pipe 94 is transferred to the constant pressure valve 13.
8 and a heat exchanger 140 in the cooling device 96 to the tank 48 .

When the fluid temperature exceeds the normal upper limit, the fan motor 142
The fan 144 is operated by.

Float 146 senses the fluid level in tank 48 and stops the shredder when it falls below a safe level.

ELECTRICAL CONTROL CIRCUIT The electrical control circuit for motor 52,62,78,142 shown in FIG.

This control circuit is provided with a number of sub-circuits.

namely, a feed pump motor control circuit 158 with relay MSI, a first pump motor control circuit 160 with relays MS2 and CR1, a second pump motor control circuit 162 with relays MS3 and CR2, and a cooling fan motor control circuit with relay MS4. circuit 164, hydraulic motor start/stop control circuit 166 with relay CR3, relay CR4
oil level monitoring circuit 168 with relay CR5, oil temperature circuit 170 with relay CR5, time delay relays TRI, TR2, solenoids 106.116 and conductors 178.180.182.
．． 184 is a reversal control circuit 172.

Additionally, the motor control circuit is provided with a pair of circuits 186 and 188 controlled by relays CR4 and CR5, described below, for optional control of portions of the shredder.

These circuits are conventional and are typical control circuits for monitoring the oil level in the tank and the temperature of the fluid in the hydraulic circuit for the shredder motor.

The operation of such a control circuit will be clear to those skilled in the art by looking at FIG. 6, and the driving and reversal control of the fluid motor is as follows.

In operation, the electrical control circuit is energized by closing the on-off switch 190, causing current to flow through the normally closed contact ICR4 and the white indicator lamp 192.

By pressing the start switch 194, the green lamp 198
and current flows through motor relay MSI.

Accordingly, conductor 154 is energized to provide current to relay MSI along a circuit that bypasses activation switch 194.

This supply continues until the stop button 196 is actuated.

Energizing conductor 154 illuminates white lamps 200, 202 in the respective circuits.

When the start switch 204 is pressed, the green lamp 206 and the relay MS2. Apply current to CR1.

Activating relay MS2 closes the electrical contacts of the power supply circuit to motor 52 and starts pump 60.

At the same time, contact MS2A is closed to keep relays MS2 and CRI energized.

This energization continues until the stop switch 208 is pressed to open the circuit 162.

Similarly, when the start switch 210 is pressed, the green lamp 212
lights up and energizes relays MS3 and CR2.

Energizing relay MS3 closes the contacts and starts motor 62 and thus pump 70.

At the same time, contact MS3A is closed, and relay MS3. CR2
maintain energization.

This continues until the stop switch 214 is pressed.

Therefore, depending on the position of the switch 204, 210, the pump 6
Either or both of 0°70 will operate.

Activating one or both of relays CRI, CR2 closes the respective contacts ICR1 and ICR2 in circuit 164.
．． 166.

When this occurs, fan thermostat 216 indicates that the temperature of the hydraulic fluid is above a preselected level.
When detected, switch 216 constituted by this thermostat is closed and fan motor relay MS4 is energized.

As a result, the electrical contacts close and the fan motor 142 begins to operate to cool the hydraulic fluid.

Each of the circuits 158 to 164 has a respective mortal
A respective thermal sensing switch 218-224 is provided in the conductor path between MSI-MS4 and conductor 156.

If any of these heat-sensing switches detects that its associated motor is operating at a temperature above a safe level, the switch opens a conductor path between the motor relay and ground and shuts down the associated motor. let

When power is supplied to circuit 166, enable switch 2
By pressing 26, relay CR3 and blue lamp 2
28 to indicate that the hydraulic motor 26 is operating.

The contact ICR3 is closed by the energization of the relay CR3, and this relay is kept energized.

This energization continues until the stop switch 229 is pressed.

Furthermore, when relay CR3 is energized, relay 2CR3 closes and power is supplied to reverse control circuit 172.

Since the current in circuit 172 flows to solenoid 106 through normally closed contact 3 TR2, control valve 74
is shifted to the right in FIG. 5 to operate the motor 26 in its forward shredding direction.

Time delay contact 2 TR2 of the electrical control circuit opens so that solenoid 116 is deenergized.

Pressure switch 112 of circuit 172 also opens, opening this contact and maintaining time delay relays TR1 and TR2 in a de-energized state.

To the point where the material fed into the shredder between the cutter shafts 20 and 22 is susceptible to jamming of the shredder, when the rotational speed of the cutter shaft is slowed down, the liquid pressure in the hydraulic line 86 is lower than its safe level. “high”.

As a result, pressure activated switch 112 closes and energizes first time delay relay TRI.

When the delay time caused by this first time delay relay ends, contact 1TR1 closes.

If the pressure increase in the tube 100 is only temporary, the switch 112 is opened again by the expiration of the delay time set by the first time delay relay TRI.

In this case, even if contact ITR1 closes, relay TR2 is not energized.

Therefore, in the case of a temporary pressure increase, relay TR2 is not energized and the shredding action continues.

On the other hand, if switch 112 is closed when the delay time by delay relay TRI ends, contact ITR1 is closed and relay TR2 is energized.

Contact 2 of pipe 182 is immediately activated by relay TR2.
Close TR2 and open contact 3TR2 of tube 184.

Therefore, solenoid 116 is energized and solenoid 106
will be annihilated.

Therefore, as described above, shifting control valve 74 to the reverse position reverses the flow of fluid to motor 26, causing the motor to reverse.

By reversing the motor 26, the direction of rotation of the cutter shafts 20, 22 is reversed, eliminating the risk of jamming.

After a predetermined time determined by the set delay time of relay TR2, relay contact 2TR2 opens again to deenergize solenoid 116.

At the same time, relay contact 3TR2 closes again solenoid 10
6, the control valve 74 is shifted to the right position in FIG.

The fluid flow through the motor 26 is therefore returned to its normal forward direction, driving the cutter shaft 20.22 in its shredding direction.

It is usually sufficient to set the time delay relay TR2 to reopen relay contact 2 TR2 1 to 3 seconds after closing.

Even if relay contact 2TR2 is opened again, pressure switch 112
is still closed, this relay contact closes again,
After the delay time set by delay relay TRI expires again, relay TR2 is energized again.

Contact 2TR2 continues to open and close again in this manner, but pressure-operated switch 112 opens again, indicating that this hydraulic circuit is operating within the normal pressure range and that the shredder is not jammed. This opening and closing of contact 2TR2 continues until the pressure in the hydraulic circuit decreases to a level sufficient for .

When the oil level in tank 48 falls below a safe level,
Float switch 146 of circuit 168 is closed, loop-CR
4 and lights up the red alarm lamp 230.

When relay CR4 is energized, contact 2CR4 closes and contact ICR4 opens.

When contact ICR4 opens, power to conductor 154 is removed and motor 52.62.78, 142 ceases its operation, thereby stopping the shredder.

Reset test switch 232 operates and relay CR4
These motors remain inactive until the motor is deenergized.

Similarly, when the temperature of the oil in the hydraulic motor circuit rises above a predetermined level, temperature sensing switch 147 of circuit 170 closes, illuminating red alarm lamp 234 and energizing relay CR5.

When relay CR5 is energized, contacts ICR5 open and relay CR3 is deenergized, moving control valve 74 to its neutral position and hydraulic fluid bypassing motor 26.

At the same time, relay 2CR5 is closed and relay CR5 is kept energized.

This is maintained until such time as the test reset switch 236 is closed.

Contacts 3CR4, 4CR4, 3CR5, 4CR5 actuate switches 238, 240 in a known manner to control the desired portion of the shredder.

For example, a switch 238 may be connected to the conveyor 18 so that when the fluid level drops below a safe level but the temperature rises, the respective contacts 3CR4, 3CR5 are closed and the switch 238 stops the conveyor. .

As another example, switch 240 may be connected to an alarm so that it sounds when contacts 4CR4 or 4CR5 open to indicate that the fluid level is low but the fluid temperature is high. Make it.

As is clear from the above description of the operation of the electro-hydraulic control device of the shredder drive of the present invention, the control device is provided so that the pressure of the control device can be controlled independently of the viscosity, temperature and flow conditions of the hydraulic fluid. The shredder can be automatically reversed for a predetermined period of time in response to the shredder failure and jamming.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a front view of a rotary shredder employing the drive device of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a side view taken in the direction of line 2-2 in Fig. 1,
Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3-3 in Figure 1, Figure 4 is a plan view taken from line 4-4 in Figure 1, and Figure 5 is the hydraulic drive system for the shredder in Figure 1. FIG. 6 is an electric circuit diagram showing the electric control section of the drive device of the present invention. 10...Hopper, 12...Housing, 14...
Support frame, 16... Leg, 18... Belt conveyor, 20. 22... Driven cutter shaft, 24... Plate cutter element, 24 a... Shred tooth, 26... Radial piston type Hydraulic motor, 30... Gear train, 32
...Output shaft, 34.36...Gear, 38.44...
・Extension part, 40...Second gear, 42...Large gear, 4
6...Support table, 48...Hydraulic pressure tank, 50...
... Electric control panel, 52 ... Electric motor, 54 ... Output shaft, 56 ... Shaft coupling, 58 ... Input shaft, 60 ... First constant displacement hydraulic fluid pump, 62 ...・Electric motor, 64・
... Output shaft, 66 ... Shaft joint, 68 ... Human power shaft, 7
0... Second constant displacement hydraulic fluid pump, 72... Hydraulic pressure circuit, 74... Conversion valve or control valve, 76... Housing, 78... Electric motor, 79... Joint, 80...
Fluid feeding pump, 82...feeding hydraulic pressure circuit, 84, 90
... Check valve, 86 ... High pressure pipe, 88 ... High pressure inlet, 92 ... Low pressure outlet, 94 ... Low pressure pipe, 96.
98...Tube, 100°102...Spring, 110...
- Pilot passage, 112...Fluid-operated electric switch, 114...Spring, 116...Electric solenoid, 1
18... Hydraulic pressure valve, 120... Variable orifice, 12
2...Pressure gauge, 124...Filter, 126...
... Spring pressure check valve, 128, 132 ... Normally open gate valve, 130.134 ... Check valve, 136 ... High pressure relief valve, 138 ... Constant pressure valve, 140 ... Heat exchange vessel, 14
2...Fan motor, 144...Fan, 152.
154.156...-Next conductor, 160.162.1
64.166, 168.172...control circuit, 178
．． 180.182.184... Conductor, 186.188
...Circuit, 190...On-off switch, 192.
...White display lamp, 194...Start switch, 198
... Green lamp, 200.202 ... White lamp, 20
4... Start switch, 206... Green lamp, 208
... Stop switch, 210 ... Start switch, 21
2... Green lamp, 214... Stop switch, 216
...Fan thermostat, 218-224...Heat sensing switch, 226...Start switch, 228...
・Blue lamp, 229...stop switch, 230...
Red alarm lamp, 232...Reset test switch,
234...Red alarm lamp, 236...Test reset switch, 238.240...Switch.

Claims (1)

[Claims for Utility Model Registration] 1. In a hydraulic drive device for a shredder in which a plate-shaped cutter element is attached to a pair of cutter shafts that are driven apart and rotate in opposite directions and work together, a low-pressure hydraulic pipe is used. a first hydraulic pump that supplies fluid from the low-pressure hydraulic pipe to the high-pressure hydraulic pipe; a second hydraulic pump that supplies fluid from the low-pressure hydraulic pipe to the high-pressure hydraulic pipe and is connected in parallel to the first pump; a hydraulic motor, a hydraulic motor circuit including the reversible hydraulic motor for supplying hydraulic fluid to the reversible hydraulic motor and receiving hydraulic fluid from the reversible hydraulic motor, and the high pressure pipe and the low pressure pipe. a control valve connecting the hydraulic motor circuit; a first operating position of the control valve for allowing hydraulic fluid to flow directly from the high pressure pipe to the low pressure pipe and bypassing the hydraulic motor circuit; a second operating position of the control valve for rotating the cutter shaft in a direction for shredding by causing hydraulic fluid to flow from the high-pressure pipe to the low-pressure pipe through the hydraulic motor circuit in a direction to drive the control valve; flowing hydraulic fluid through the high pressure pipe and through the hydraulic motor circuit into the low pressure pipe in a direction opposite to the direction of flow through the hydraulic motor in the operating position to reverse the hydraulic motor and change the direction of rotation of the cutter shaft; a third operating position of the control valve that reversely changes to prevent jamming of the shredder; and electricity that shifts the control valve between the first operating position, the second operating position, and the third operating position; a control circuit; and a pressure sensing switch for the high pressure pipe coupled to the electrical control circuit, and the electrical control circuit moves the control valve to the three operating positions in response to fluid pressure sensed by the pressure sensing switch. A hydraulic drive device for a shredder that is characterized by shifting. 2. A first time delay circuit and a second time delay circuit that can be energized by the pressure sensing switch are provided in the electrical control circuit, and when the pressure sensing switch senses a pressure equal to or higher than a predetermined level, the first time delay circuit and energizes the second time delay circuit when the pressure is still above a predetermined level at the end of a first delay time according to the energization, which energizes the control valve to cause the second actuation. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical control circuit is actuated to shift the control valve from the position to the third operative position for a predetermined period of time and then return the control valve to the second operative position.