JPS59162193A - Composting method and composting fermentation cell - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention provides a method and a fermenter for fermenting and composting organic matter by supplying air with it, and more specifically, for composting organic waste such as industrial waste such as paper manufacturing sludge and surplus sludge from sewage treatment. The present invention relates to a fermentation and composting method and a fermenter.

Conventionally, in order to produce compost, compost raw materials were directly put into a fermentation tank and air was pumped in to cause aerobic fermentation, thereby decomposing the raw materials. For this reason, conventional fermenters needed to be equipped with an agitation device and a compost transport device in addition to an air supply device.

However, the operation of the stirring device and the discharging device causes the compost or raw materials to aggregate into lumps or plates, reducing air permeability.
There were many cases where this was the cause of inhibiting composting. In addition, in conventional methods, the produced compost must be taken out of the tank via a transport device, packaged separately, or transported in bulk, which requires manpower and time, leading to increased costs. It becomes. The stirring device and the discharging device attached to the fermenter are easily corroded as the compost raw material ferments and rots, resulting in frequent breakdowns and wear and tear, and the drawbacks are that the device has a short lifespan.

This invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and its gist is to wrap compost raw materials that meet the fermentation and composting conditions in a breathable bag, place them in a composting fermenter, and proceed with composting by aerating the materials. This is a composting method characterized by: Another gist of the invention is a composting fermentation system characterized in that compost raw materials are wrapped in a breathable bag in a fermenter having an air supply device semi-poison at the bottom and an exhaust port at the top. It's a tank.

In this method and device, the compost raw material is wrapped in an appropriately sized air-permeable bag and placed in a fermentation tank, whereby aerobic fermentation proceeds without stirring and composting is completed in a short period of time. No lumps or the like are generated due to the operation of the stirring device or the discharging device, so there is no problem with ventilation. Manufactured compost can be taken out of the fermentation tank in a bag and loaded onto vehicles at the compost application site for transport, saving labor and working time and reducing compost costs. In addition, there is no need to attach a stirring device or a transport device to the fermenter, which reduces equipment costs, reduces malfunctions, reduces costs, and extends the life of the device.

Figures 1 and 2 show examples of embodiments of the fermenter. The fermenter consists of a cylindrical main body 1 and a conical cover 2, and an air supply vibe 3 and a pedestal 4 are arranged at the bottom. A belt 6 that guides exhaust and drain is attached to the upper periphery of the main body 1, and an exhaust lower that communicates with the belt 6 is opened at the lower periphery of the power 6-2. ing. As shown in FIG. 4, the pedestal 4 has a circular perforated plate 8 arranged on its upper surface to provide ventilation, and the lower surface of the air supply vibe 3 is provided with an air supply port.

To perform composting using this fermenter, the compost raw material 9 is wrapped in a completely breathable bag 10, and for example, three bags 1o are stacked and stored in three layers on a pedestal 4 in the fermenter, and air is supplied. Air is sent through the vibrator 5 to cause aerobic fermentation and promote composting.

The bag body is made of a fabric with a density that allows the compost raw materials to fall out and maintains breathability.The bag body allows the air flowing from the bottom to the top in the fermenter to pass through easily, allowing the compost raw materials to come into contact with air. In addition, when the bag 10 is filled with compost raw material 9 as shown in Fig. It is possible to tighten the bag with a string, open the top end and put the raw materials in, and after composting, take the bag out as it is and open the string at the bottom end of the bag at the storage or transportation destination to allow the compost inside to fall out. Satisfactory bags are preferably made of synthetic fibers such as polyamide, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc., and can withstand long-term use without corrosion or loss of strength.

Incidentally, when carrying the compost raw material 9 into the fermentation tank 1, as shown in FIG. 3, the rope 5 tied to the bottom of the bag body 10 is pulled out to the top. In this way, after adding raw material 9,
By pulling the lobes 5, the compost material in the bag 10 can be easily flattened, thereby facilitating air circulation during fermentation.

The material for the fermenter can be selected from metal, synthetic resin, concrete, etc. However, it is important to fully enhance the insulation performance, accumulate fermentation heat and raise the temperature, and achieve good composting in a short time, and at the same time, it is preferable to have corrosion resistance.

If the vertical dimension of the bag body is too large, air flow will be poor and good composting will be inhibited1. Normally, if the vertical dimension is within 21nhJ, it will be a hindrance to fully promoting fermentation and composting. Must not be. When using a large fermenter, it is preferable that a plurality of dead body surfaces are arranged horizontally and the length is 2 m or less in the vertical direction.

In addition to carbon, composting raw materials contain appropriate amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen.
Aerobic bacteria and organic matter in which water is present.

In order to turn these raw materials into compost that has matured sufficiently in a short period of time, it is necessary to ferment by adjusting the air supply # so that the maximum temperature in the fermenter is maintained at 60° to 80°C. If the amount of air supply is too large, excess air will carry out the heat generated during fermentation outside the tank, and if the air supply lid is too small, the fermentation reaction will be suppressed and the generation of fermentation heat will be reduced, leading to a drop in the temperature inside the cypress and composting. Delay of sound brings about. Therefore, during composting, oxygen in the exhaust gas of the fermenter.

It is preferable to measure the amount of carbon dioxide gas, reduce excess oxygen as much as possible, supply sufficient air as necessary, and maintain the temperature at the inside of the cypress. If the entire tank is kept at a high temperature in this way and the compost raw materials are placed in a breathable bag to proceed with fermentation, the work efficiency is extremely high and it is possible to produce fully matured compost in a short fermentation period. It becomes Hi.

Experiment 1 (Comparative example) The compost raw materials were carbon source (pulp sludge, nitrogen phosphoric acid, surplus sludge from fisheries processing industry, and microbial source was recycled compost. The target blending ratio was O/N ratio 18 and C7P ratio 67. The raw materials for the composting lid were weighed out and mixed.This composting raw material 11.2 Composting and fermenting lri! (same number (
*100t), aerated at a flow rate of 5t/min, and fermentation was continued for 7 days.

During the fermentation period, the temperature of the product in the tank and the temperature of the exhaust gas were recorded using a fully automatic analyzer to monitor the progress of the fermentation.

The compost product temperature exceeded 60°C on the second day after preparation, reached a maximum product temperature of 71°C on the third day, and thereafter showed a gradual decline in material temperature. During the entire period, the period during which the compost product temperature was maintained at 65° C. or higher was 68 hours. The amount of oxygen absorbed reached its peak on the 6th day, a little earlier than the maximum product temperature, and then decreased, and from the 6th day onward, the oxygen absorption changed to a mild level, indicating that the main aerobic fermentation reaction was attenuated. Indicated.

On the 7th day, when the compost was dug out from the fermenter, the product temperature was 43°C, but after 3 hours of being left at room temperature, the temperature dropped to near room temperature.

Kahi grows in all of the compost that is taken out, giving it a grayish-black color.

The fishy odor of the raw material completely disappears, and a faint earthy odor takes over.

No insects were observed at all. The pH of compost is weakly alkaline I.
It showed neutrality of J (00), and compared with the weak acidity of the raw material mixture, traces of chemical changes accompanying aerobic fermentation were clearly seen.

The base substitution capacity of the compost immediately after removal was 56 m·e·, and reached 93 m·0· after one month of being left at room temperature.

The results of a plant cultivation test using this compost showed a clear plant growth promoting effect, and the compost was applied to humans (soil/compost = 1/1).
(capacity ratio)), no failure was observed at all.

Experiment 2 (Example of the present invention) Using raw materials with the same mixing ratio as in Experiment 1, this was placed in a breathable synthetic fiber bag, placed in a fermenter in the same manner as in Experiment 1, and fermented. Composting was done. ``The fermentation process was almost the same as in Experiment 1, as shown in Figure 5. On the 7th day, the bag was taken out from the fermenter. The compost inside the bag was almost the same as that in Experiment 1, and the results of plant cultivation were also significantly different from those in Experiment 1.
It was of good quality.

Experiment 3 (Example of the present invention) Compost raw materials with the same raw materials and mixing ratio as in Experiment 1 were divided into two breathable synthetic fiber bags, and the two bags were folded and stored in a fermenter. , Composting was performed in the same manner as in Experiments 1 and 2.

As shown in Figure 2, the fermentation process was almost the same as in Experiments 1 and 2. After fermentation is complete, remove the bag from the fermenter,
Experiment 1 shows the four properties evaluated for internal compost and the results of plant cultivation.
The results were similar to those of .

The above three experimental data were consistent with those shown in Table 1, and no inhibition of fermentation and composting was observed due to the use of bags.

/ /″ Table 1

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 and 2 are a perspective view and a vertical cross-sectional view of the composting fermenter, Figure 6 is a diagram showing a state in which a bag containing compost raw materials is suspended and conveyed, Figure 4 is a perspective view of the pedestal, and Figure 4 is a perspective view of the mount. Figure 5 shows Experiments 1 and 2.3.
This is the correlation between the elapsed time during fermentation and composting and the product temperature. 1. Main body of fermenter, 2. Cover, 3. Air supply pipe, 4. Frame, 5. Rope, 6. Belt, 7.
Exhaust port, 8... Reticular porous plate, 9... Compost raw material, 10...
Bag, 11...Hook〇Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 41 Figure 5 6-

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A composting method characterized by wrapping compost raw materials that meet fermentation and composting conditions in a breathable bag, placing them in a composting fermentation tank, and proceeding with composting by aeration. (2) A composting fermenter characterized by having an air supply device at the bottom and an exhaust port at the top, in which compost raw materials are wrapped in a breathable bag.