JPS59200631A - Electrode for living body electricity - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention: a. Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to a skin-contact electrode for bioelectricity, which electrode is made of a conductive material made of metal and/or carbon that can be connected to a metal conducting wire. an ionically conductive contact electrolyte layer attached to one side of the electrode and adapted to contact the skin.

b. Prior Art Structures of skin-contact electrodes for bioelectricity of this type are described, for example, in U.S. Pat.
No. 49 and [Medical Electronics 419
It is well known as described in October 1978 issue, pages 65-67. These electrodes are used to measure biological potentials, for example.

It is used in fields such as electrocardiogram recording devices and electroencephalogram recording devices, and its action is based on an electrical chemical reaction. It occurs at the interface between the electronic conductor material. The electrodes and electrolyte are made from materials selected so that the electrochemical reaction is reversible. Well-known electrodes.

While made using silver, the electrode material is surface coated with silver chloride.

In practical use, with the conventional electrode structure, the actual interfering DC voltage (off-cent voltage) is very sensitive to the bioelectrical signal because the interfacial region of the electrode acts as an electrochemical half cell. It has been found that it is superimposed on

It is said that it is extremely difficult to achieve electrical compensation and balance from the outside. This is because the interference voltage changes extremely sharply. Externally applied voltages to the electrode structure lead to charge separation and thus result in relatively high interference voltages that only taper off after a relatively long recovery time.

In conjunction with conventional electrode structures, the electrolytes commonly used create variable artificial voltages that are motion dependent; furthermore, the electrolytes used can be painful to the skin.

The object of the invention is to prevent interfering voltages from interfering with biological signals, or at least not interfering with them.

Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to create and provide a bioelectrical electrode whose electrode structure is in contact with the skin and which does not cause the skin to feel any pain.

d6 Structure of the Invention The structure of the present invention is to contain an iodine ion generating substance in the contact electrolyte layer and at least the surface of the electrode portion adjacent to the contact electrolyte layer, and/or to contain the iodide ion generating substance in the contact electrolyte layer and at least the surface of the electrode portion adjacent to the contact electrolyte layer. The iodine ion-generating salt containing cations generated from the metal in the electrode material is contained in the contact electrolyte layer.

The iodine-containing material in the contact electrolyte layer has a bactericidal effect on the skin surface, and the unique structure of the boundary zone provides a low offset voltage.

In a preferred embodiment, which, in addition to the electrode structures described, can also be used in electrode systems, the basic electrode is formed by an electrode layer of two opposing areas consisting of metal and/or carbon contained in the electrically conductive material. configured, for which the two electrode layers are separated by an ionically conductive electrolyte intermediate layer, the first electrode layer being attached to the connecting line;
The second electrode layer is on the opposite side from the first electrode layer,
Covered by a contacting electrolyte layer which serves as a contact surface for the skin debris, the electrolyte intermediate layer preferably contains an iodide ion-forming substance and has the same amount or at least the same nature of the complex. Therefore, the interfering voltage of the electrode assembly can be reduced considerably, the fluctuation of the interfering voltage is reduced, and the AC inbeater SS soot is relatively low, and the recovery time, e.g., the recovery time after a simulated contraction, is relatively low. Short.

Each of the plurality of electrode layers is made of the same metal, such as silver,
Preferably containing zinc or copper, generally
A metal having an atomic weight of at least 51 is suitable, and the intermediate electrolyte layer is a salt of this metal.

In particular, it is preferable to contain an iodine ion-forming salt of this metal. Therefore, the biocurrent acts on the reversible movement of metal ions between the two electrode layers, while at the same time
The bidirectional movement of iodine ions between the electrode layer and the two electrolyte layers can also be affected. This means that Offsen) DC
This can be seen by the fact that the voltage is very low and the voltage fluctuations are negligible.

The intermediate electrolyte layer and the contact electrolyte layer are determined by the viscosity of the liquid or
Since it has a gel-like viscosity, it can also be absorbed into a carrier substrate such as blotting paper or cloth. The electrolyte layer, especially the contact electrolyte layer, can also be in solid form, in which case the powder composite of the electrolyte layer is mixed and compacted or sintered under high pressure. The use of solid V) electrolytes allows for convenient handling of the electrode assembly.

Materials that can be used as iodine ion generating substances include 1, for example, iodides, especially metal iodides used in electrode layers;
Or there is tri-iodomethane (OHi, ), germanium rum, or the metal tangesanate f! used in the electrode layer for the purpose of minimizing polarization of the electrode. : Can also be added to the tun solite layer.

In order to reduce the electrical conduction resistance at the interface, salts of the metals used in the electrode layer can be added to the electrode layer; suitable salts are, inter alia, the iodides and selenides of these metals.

It is important to note that the weight-wise composite of the electrode and electrolyte layers is such that the main component by weight of the electrode layer is metal 1, e.g. silver, zinc, or copper, whereas the main component by weight of the electrolyte layer is The component is an iodine ion generating substance.

An intermediate electrolyte layer is placed between two electrode layers (in principle, this is not only applicable when a solid contact electrolyte layer is used, but can also be applied when a gel-like contact electrolyte is used. However, , only if this electrolyte can produce iodine ions.

Structures in which the electrodes contain carbon in the form of gelaphite or carbon black as a conductive component are treated in other embodiments, and electrode assemblies in which carbon is mixed with synthetic resins, such as epoxy resins, are very However, according to the present invention, when an iodine ion generating substance, especially tri-iodomethane (Of), is mixed with carbon, the offset DC voltage can be substantially lowered. . Other suitable substances include metal iodides or iodoacetate I (OH3Co2)8. or iodochloride; suitable materials for the contacting electrolyte layer include iodides, such as lead iodide or copper iodide, in gel or solid form, and other suitable , potassium iodide, or calcium iodide.

e. Example The electrode structure shown in FIG. 1 consists of an insulating glass case 1 and a zinc film metal plate 5 housed in an opening 3 in the case, with a connecting terminal on one side of the plate. 7. A solid electrolyte layer 9 is housed in each of the other parts III.

The solid electrolyte layer 9 consists of a press molding of zinc iodide powder or a sintered zinc iodide plate, which is pressed together with the metal plate 5.

The skin contact surface of the electrode is formed on the other side of the solid electrolyte layer 9 that is not in contact with the metal grating 5, and when in use,
Electrogel, also made of zinc iodide
I'm ωゎ at 11.

Instead of zinc, the metal plate can also consist of silver or copper, in which case the electrolyte layer 9 is made of silver iodide or copper iodide, respectively. Most preferably, the contact glue 11 uses silver iodide gel, potassium iodide gel, or copper iodide gel.

The connection terminal 7 is a raised part of the connection base plate 13, which plate contacts the metal plate 5 and
The surface of the metal plate opposite to the electrolyte layer 9 is covered. The adjacent areas of the connecting base plate 13 and the case 1 are covered with heat-sealed plastic 15.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a bioelectrical electrode structure with a case 21 of 5-insulating plastic material, in which an electrode 25 is housed in the ablation area 23 of the case.

A metal connection terminal 27 is attached to an example of the electrode,
By means of this terminal, the electrode is connected to a device 5, for example an electrocardiograph, which measures 6111 bioelectrical signals. Attached to the other side of the electrode 25 is an electrolyte layer 29 made of a solid electrolyte material, the outer surface 31 of which is free for use.

It is designed to be placed on top of the skin.

The electrode 25 comprises an electrolyte layer 37 consisting of a solid electrolyte material and two electrode layers 33 which are thereby separated from each other.
and 35, and the electrode layer 33 consists of electrolyte layers 29 and 37.
The electrode layer 35 is connected to the electrolytic layer 37 and the base plate 39 , and the connecting base plate 39 as well as the adjacent area of the case 21 are covered with a heat-sealing foil 41 .

The electrode layers 33 and 35 are made of raw metals that may be mixed with additives that enable the formation of ions as described below, while the electrolytes @ 29 and 37 are made of iodine ion-generating salts of the metals used in the electrode layers, among others. , the iodide of this metal is used as raw material. However, other additives can also be added to the electrolyte layer.

Both electrolyte layers 29.37 are made by press-molding or sintering solid raw materials that are pulverized, and then press-molded together with the electrode layers 33.35.

Suitable examples of electrode layer and electrolyte layer composites are as follows.

Example 1: Electrolyte layer 29.37: Silver iodide 627% by weight Silver tungstate 198% by weight Germanium 17.5% by weight Multi-electrode layer 35: Silver 50% by weight Silver iodide 50% by weight Electrode layer 33: Silver 82. 3 wt% selenium plating 17.7 wt. Example 2: Electrolyte layer 29,
37: Silver iodide 69 Weight percent Silver Turngestate 1o Weight percent Germanium 10
Weight % iodoform 11 fi quantity Electrode layer 35: Silver ioo Weight % Electrode layer 33: Silver 100 i quantity Example 3:
Electrolyte layer 29.37: Silver iodide ioo wt% Electrode layer 35: Silver 100 li: Slippery electrode layer 33: Silver 100 wt - Example 4:
Electrolyte layer 29.37: Silver iodide 80% by weight Silver tungstate 2o Weight% Electrode layer 35: Silver 80% by weight Iodoform 20 Layer 29.3
7: Lead iodide 66 i amount Titanium Gesten Awakened lead 19 Weight% germanium r5
i-scape electrode layer 35: zinc 6o weight% lead iodide
40% by weight Electrode layer 33: Zinc 88% by weight Selenium! I2 lead 12 3i quantity example 6: electrolytic gr@2913
7: Lead iodide ioo wt% Electrode layer 35: Zinc 100 wt% Electrode layer 33: Zinc 100 wt% Examples 1.4 and 5
In , electrodes 33,35 contain different compositions. Although the described series of examples is preferred, the electrode layer 3
The example in 3.35 can also be modified.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of a bioelectrical electrode, characterized by a simple and economical construction, in which the electrode assembly consists of an insulating case 51, which has the following features:
One side 57 of the electrode part 55, which houses the composite electrode part 55 in the opening 53 and is in contact with the skin, is free to use and is covered with an electrolyte layer 59 during application to the skin.

This electrolyte layer consists, for example, of a gel-like contact electrolyte. The other side of the electrode section 55 is provided with a connecting element 60, which is made of sheet metal and is for connecting to a plug of an instrument for measuring bioelectrical signals. The sheet metal is bent to form a curved shaped container 61 in the upper part of the case 51, into which the connection terminals of the measuring instrument can be inserted. Both sides 63 of the folded sheet metal are folded outward in the same plane, along edges parallel to the long axis of the container 61, and the ends or legs 63 are spread flat on the electrode section 55. There is.

The electrode section 55 is composed of two electrode layers 65 and 67 spaced apart by an electrolyte layer 69. This electrolyte layer 69 consists of a non-conductive carrier substrate, which is not described in detail here, but is made, for example, from paper or cloth impregnated with a virtually non-ionically conductive electrolyte material.

In the illustrated embodiment, the electrode layer 65,67 consists of a metal, preferably zinc, and the electrolyte material is a salt of this metal,
Preferably, it consists of an iodide capable of generating iodine ions. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG.
'The electrolyte material 69 consists of lead iodide. Similarly,
Also silver or copper.

Can be used as an electrode material. In this case, the electrolyte paulowniae consists of pentasilver iodide or copper iodide, respectively. The gel-forming electrolyte layer 59 also includes an iodide electrode material,
For example, it contains lead iodide, silver iodide, copper iodide, potassium iodide, or potassium iodide.

The carrier matrix layer is impregnated with a solution of an electrolyte material, such as lead iodide, and dried.

When liquid zinc is sprayed on both sides of the carrier material and brought into contact with the carrier material, after drying, the sprayed composite zinc forms an electrode layer. The electrode part 55 is placed together with the connecting element 60 in the case 51 and fixed in this position by means of a heat-sealing foil 71. Said foil is in contact with the edge 63 and the adjacent area of the case 51.

In this embodiment, as well as in the other illustrated embodiments, the foil 71 is lowered over the entire case 51 from the pan side so as to reach the contact surface of the electrode portion 55;
It is also possible to seal the sides of the electrode.

The materials and composites described in the electrode structure example shown in FIG. 2 can also be used in the electrode structure shown in FIG. The electromagnetic materials shown in these examples can be dispersed in a base carrier gel. Further, in preparing a solid electrolyte, an electrolyte may be mixed with a carrier substrate and used.

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the bioelectrical electrode assembly, which basically consists of a disc-shaped electrode section 8.
1, this part is provided with a connecting element 83 formed, for example, like a post, and is mounted on the top surface of the unit in order to connect an instrument for measuring bioelectrical signals. . The body JFfj 'i+ of the unit 85 to be contacted is coated with an electrolytic layer 87, for example T-skeletal gel, upon contact.

The electrode part 81 is made of graphite or a conductive carbon blank, and the graphite or carbon black is preferably made of tri-iodomethane (Of
-11,) is mixed with an iodine ion generator. As a result, the electrodes are shaped as required, either by pressure sintering or by molding in an epoxy binder. The electrolyte layer 87 also contains an iodine-1-on generating material, particularly an iodide such as lead iodide, silver iodide, steel iodide, potassium iodide A, or calcium iodide.

The connecting element 83 consists of a metal part or a molded carbon part and is fixed to the electrode 81 by means of a heat-sealing foil 89 . Alternatively, the connecting element can also consist of the same electrically conductive material as the electrode 81, or the electrode and the connecting element can be made in one single part.

Regarding the formulation of the electrode component 81, the following composites may be used.

50% by weight Graphite 17% by weight Iodine-carbon 8% by weight Iodoform (OH, l3) 17% by weight Epoxy resin (base 9 8% by weight Epoxy hardener It can also be replaced with

Regarding the iodine-carbon used, the material has, for example, 5-6% by weight of adsorbed iodine molecules. It is granular activated carbon that is retained.

If the electrode 81 is formed by compression sintering, carbon fibers can be added to improve mechanical strength and conductivity, if necessary. Regarding the aforementioned composites, the epoxy resin can also be replaced by other binders.

For this reason, other weight proportions of the binder can also be selected.

A mixture of graphite, iodine-carbon, and iodoform can be dissolved and dispersed in a lacquer-type powder. This binder is preferably
A layer is applied to the surface of a conductive connecting element made of carbon and then dried.

10. Effects of the Invention As detailed above, 1. In the present invention, the contact electrolyzer parts 9, 2
'l, 67 and 87 and electrode parts 5, 25, 33.35
゜55, 65, 67, and 81 and the iodine ion generating vD quality, in particular, since both of the above members contained the same iodine ion generating salt, the interference DC voltage (offcent voltage) was conventionally very high, and I was able to reduce the drastic changes in a meaningful way - my dance performance decreased, I was able to shorten 1'+ and ij during recovery, and I no longer felt any pain on my skin.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a first example in which electrolyte gel is used in the @ digit structure. FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment with a solid contact electrolyte layer in the electrode structure. Figure 3 shows the contact electrolyte gel in the electrode structure? The third example used is shown. FIG. 4 shows a complete negative drawing of an 'i4z pole with a carbon core. l Two cases, 3: opening, 5: metal plate. 7: connection terminal, 9: electrolyte layer, ll: contact gel. 13: Connection base plate, 15: Heat seal plastic, 21: Case, 23: Ablation area, 25:′ electrode, 27
: Connection terminal, 29: Electrolyte layer, 31: External surface, 33°35
: electrode layer, 37: electrolyte layer, 39: base plate, 41
: Heat seal foil, 51: Case, 53: Opening, 55
: electrode part, 57: one side of electrode part, 59: electrolyte layer, 60
: contact element, 61: container, 63: edge, 65.67
: electrode layer, 69: electrolyte layer, 71: heat sealing foil,
81: Electrode part, 83: Connection element, 85: Unit, 87: Electrolyte layer, 89: Heat sealing foil. Patent applicant Walter Schmidt Patent attorney Mamoru Sanne

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) In a bioelectrical electrode connected to a conductor constituting an electrical terminal, the electrode part is in contact with a conductive material and the surface of the electrode part, and is placed on the skin. The contact electrolyte part and at least a part of the surface of the electrode part adjacent to the contact electrolyte part contain an iodine ion generating substance. Electrodes for bioelectricity. (2) As an iodine ion generating substance, the contact electrolyte portion contains an iodine ion generating salt that generates metal ions of the same metal as the metal ions appearing at least on the surface of the electrode portion. An electrode according to claim 1.