JPS59201366A - Separator for alkaline battery - Google Patents

Separator for alkaline battery

Info

Publication number
JPS59201366A
JPS59201366A JP58075643A JP7564383A JPS59201366A JP S59201366 A JPS59201366 A JP S59201366A JP 58075643 A JP58075643 A JP 58075643A JP 7564383 A JP7564383 A JP 7564383A JP S59201366 A JPS59201366 A JP S59201366A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
separator
composite fiber
polyamide
fibers
polypropylene
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP58075643A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH047067B2 (en
Inventor
Hisayuki Takigawa
滝川 久幸
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to JP58075643A priority Critical patent/JPS59201366A/en
Publication of JPS59201366A publication Critical patent/JPS59201366A/en
Publication of JPH047067B2 publication Critical patent/JPH047067B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/44Fibrous material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411Organic material
    • H01M50/414Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/423Polyamide resins
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411Organic material
    • H01M50/414Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/417Polyolefins
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002Aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0014Alkaline electrolytes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a separator for an alkaline battery excellent in the amount of liquid absorption, the rate of short-circuit, and the resistance to alaklis by using a polyamide series composite fiber specially structured as a main ingredient. CONSTITUTION:A composite fiber having a radial type structure cladded into a multi-layer yielded b simultaneously spinning polyamide resin and polypropylene resin with use of a specially structured spinnert is excellent in the resistance to alkalis, having a structure wherein triangular prism-shaped polypropylene resin components 1 each having, in section, an approximate triangle are radially arranged from a core part and adjoining parts are cladded forming a straight line with a polyamide resin component 2. A separator is constructed by bonding web constructing fibers in a body with each other by fusing between a polyproplyene-polyethylene composite fiber 4 simultaneously used with the polypropylene resin component 1 of this composite fiber 3 and a polyethylene resin component 5. Accordingly, this separator allows the water adsorption property of polyamide resin and its liquid absorption speed by a capilarity to be greatly increased since hydrophobic polyamide resin is arranged inthe longitudinal direction of composite fiber drawing a straight line.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 大発明は密閉型アルカリ電池、特にニッケルカドミウム
蓄電池に用いるアルカリ電池用七ノ(レータ−の構成に
関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a structure of an alkaline cell regulator used in a sealed alkaline battery, particularly a nickel-cadmium storage battery.

従来、アルカリ電池用七)(レータ−にはポリアミド繊
維の持つ吸水性、吸液性等の特性を利用したポリアミド
繊維のみよりなる不織布が一般に用いられている。また
、ポリアミド繊維の吸液性、咽水性をより向上させる為
に無機塩類により槽維を溶出してポーラスな構造にした
ものが見られる。このように繊維を多孔性とじたと七に
より、電解液の保液量は均一となり、それがため放電容
量が大きくなるという特徴がある。
Conventionally, nonwoven fabrics made only of polyamide fibers have been generally used for alkaline batteries (7) (lators), which take advantage of the properties of polyamide fibers such as water absorption and liquid absorption. In order to further improve pharyngeal properties, some fibers are eluted with inorganic salts to create a porous structure.By binding the fibers in a porous manner in this way, the amount of electrolyte retained becomes uniform; It has the characteristic of increasing discharge capacity.

然るに、アルカリ電池は高温時曖は連続的に過充電が行
われる様な条件下では、電解液の温度上昇や電気化学変
化が大きい為に、上記ポリアミド製不織布セパレーター
では劣化が著しく、長期の使用に耐え難いという欠点が
ある。
However, in alkaline batteries, under conditions such as high temperatures and continuous overcharging, the temperature rise of the electrolyte and electrochemical changes are large, so the polyamide nonwoven fabric separator described above deteriorates significantly and cannot be used for long periods of time. It has the disadvantage of being difficult to tolerate.

また、ポリアミド繊維に電解液に対し耐性のあるポリプ
ロピレン繊維を混入した不織布よりなるセパレーターも
見られるが、ポリプロピレン繊維の熱溶着により繊維相
互を接着するため、加熱溶着時にポリプロピレン繊維の
収縮が著しく、厳密な工程管理を必要とし、均一な製品
を大量、かつ安価に製造するととが困難である等の問題
点がある。
In addition, there are separators made of nonwoven fabric made of polyamide fibers mixed with polypropylene fibers that are resistant to electrolyte solutions, but since the fibers are bonded together by heat welding, the polypropylene fibers shrink significantly during heat welding, making it difficult to This method requires detailed process control, and has problems such as the difficulty of manufacturing uniform products in large quantities and at low cost.

更ニ、ポリプロピレン樹脂のメルトプロ一方式による不
織布、ポリプロピレン繊維の湿式法による不織布をセパ
レーターとしたものがあるが、吸液性、耐アルカリ性等
の電池特性は満足しうるものの、製法上の欠点であるセ
パレーターの機械的強度が弱い為、電池製造工程に於て
セパレーターの伸び、切断等の問題が発生するととによ
りラインアップされていないのが現状である。
There are non-woven fabrics made using a polypropylene resin melt-produced method, and non-woven fabrics made using a wet-process polypropylene fiber method as separators, but although they can satisfy battery properties such as liquid absorption and alkali resistance, they have drawbacks in the manufacturing method. Due to the low mechanical strength of the separator, problems such as elongation and cutting of the separator occur during the battery manufacturing process, so it is currently not available in the lineup.

更に、ポリアミド繊維とボリブロヒレンーポリエチレン
系複合繊維七の混合ウェブを加熱、加圧してポリエチレ
ン成分を溶融し、繊維相互間を一体に結合したセパレー
ターも工夫されてはいる。しかし上記ポリプロピレン−
ポリエチレン系複合繊維の混合割合が非常に限定される
という問題点がある。即ち、上記複合繊維が20%以下
では接着力不足となり、電池組立工程にかけられず、ま
た強力を付与するため複合繊維を20〜5096混合す
るとポリアミド繊維が5096以上含まれることKなり
、劣化性の問題で好ましくなく、又上記複合繊維を50
%以上混入させると加熱、加圧時にフィルム化し易く、
セパレーターとしての性能に悪影響を及ぼす。この様に
ポリプロピレン−ポリエチレン系複合繊維の混入割合が
非常に限定される上に、ポリアミド繊維が存在あるため
、劣化による形態変化が著しく、大巾な性能低下をきた
すことになる。
Furthermore, a separator has also been devised in which a mixed web of polyamide fibers and polybrohylene-polyethylene composite fibers is heated and pressurized to melt the polyethylene component and bond the fibers together. However, the above polypropylene
There is a problem that the mixing ratio of polyethylene composite fibers is very limited. That is, if the composite fiber content is less than 20%, the adhesive strength will be insufficient and it will not be possible to apply it to the battery assembly process, and if 20 to 5096 composite fibers are mixed to give strength, the polyamide fiber will be included in the polyamide fiber of 5096 or more, which will cause deterioration. This is not desirable due to problems, and the above composite fibers are
If more than % is mixed, it tends to form a film when heated and pressurized.
It has a negative effect on the performance as a separator. As described above, since the mixing ratio of polypropylene-polyethylene composite fibers is extremely limited, and the presence of polyamide fibers, the morphology changes significantly due to deterioration, resulting in a large drop in performance.

本発明は上記諸欠点を克服し、如何なる条件下でも十分
実用に供し得るアルカリ電池用セパレーターを提供する
ものである。
The present invention overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks and provides a separator for alkaline batteries that can be put to practical use under any conditions.

以下本発明の1実施例を詳細に説明する。One embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below.

本発明のアルカリ電池用セパレーターは、特殊な形状の
紡糸口金を使用して、二種類のポリマー(ポリアミド樹
脂とポリプロピレン樹脂)を同時に紡糸し、放射型多層
貼り合わせ構造の繊維と、ボリプ四ピレンーポリエチレ
ン系サイドバイサイド、又は海鳥型の複合繊維との混合
繊維を用いる。例えばポリプロピレン樹脂80%、ポリ
アセトmWf!2o%の割合(重量比)でもって繊維を
構成する80%のポリプロピレン樹脂片刃(略三角柱形
状で軸芯より放射状に配列し、上記三角柱形状のボリプ
四ピレン樹脂片部を残り2096のポリアミド樹脂で貼
わ合わせた断面形状になる様に特殊形状紡糸口金より同
時に紡糸して得られる放射状多層貼合せ型複合繊維を7
0%七ポリプロピレンーポリエチレン系複合繊維SO%
との混合繊維をランドウエノ(−機又はカード機にかけ
て、目付90 f/dのランダムウェブ又はクロスウェ
ブを形成し、一対の加熱、加圧ロールを通過させて、ポ
リエチレン成分の溶融によりウェブ構成繊維間相互を一
体に接着し、見掛密度α2〜0.5f/−のアルカリ電
池用上〕(レータ−を形成する。
The separator for alkaline batteries of the present invention is produced by simultaneously spinning two types of polymers (polyamide resin and polypropylene resin) using a specially shaped spinneret, and producing fibers with a radial multilayer lamination structure and polypropylene fibers. Use polyethylene side-by-side fibers or mixed fibers with seabird type composite fibers. For example, 80% polypropylene resin, polyacet mWf! 80% polypropylene resin single edge that constitutes the fiber at a ratio (weight ratio) of 20% (approximately triangular prism shape and arranged radially from the axis, and the triangular prism-shaped polypropylene resin pieces are made of 2096 polyamide resin) 7 radial multilayer laminated composite fibers are obtained by simultaneously spinning them using a specially shaped spinneret so that they have a laminated cross-sectional shape.
0% 7 polypropylene-polyethylene composite fiber SO%
A random web or a cross web with a basis weight of 90 f/d is formed by passing the mixed fibers through a land ueno (-) machine or a card machine, and then passing through a pair of heated and pressurized rolls to melt the polyethylene component to form the web constituent fibers. The plates are bonded together to form a plate for alkaline batteries with an apparent density α2 to 0.5 f/-.

尚、セパレーターの重量は40〜200F/−の間で使
用目的に応じて適宜変えられて用いられ、また見掛密度
は0.20f/−未満になると七)ぐレ 5− 一ターの強度や吸液速度が低下し、又へ5f/−をこえ
ると目が詰まり過ぎて、電解により発生した酸素の通過
が阻害されるので好ましくなく適宜の空隙を保つ必要が
あり、好ましくは0.20〜0.50y/−に調整する
The weight of the separator is changed between 40 and 200F/- depending on the purpose of use, and if the apparent density is less than 0.20F/-, the strength of the separator The liquid absorption rate decreases, and if it exceeds 5 f/-, the pores become too clogged and the passage of oxygen generated by electrolysis is inhibited, which is not preferable, and it is necessary to maintain an appropriate gap, preferably 0.20~ Adjust to 0.50y/-.

本発明に用いるポリプロピレン−ボリアミド放射状多層
貼合せ型複合繊維は、第1図及び第2図に示す様に、断
面が略三角形の三角柱形状のポリプロピレン樹脂成分(
1)が芯部より放射状に配列し、その相隣り合う部分を
ポリアミド樹脂成分(2)で線状に貼合せた構造よりな
り耐アルカリ性にすぐれた上記複合繊維lのポリプロピ
レン樹脂成分(!)と同時に用いるポリプロピレン−ポ
リエチレン複合繊維(4)のポリエチレン樹脂成分(6
)との融着によってウェブ構成繊維相互を一体に接着し
てセパレーターを構成する。
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the polypropylene-bolyamide radial multilayer composite fiber used in the present invention has a triangular prism-shaped polypropylene resin component (
The polypropylene resin component (!) of the composite fiber 1 has excellent alkali resistance and has a structure in which 1) are arranged radially from the core and adjacent parts are bonded linearly with the polyamide resin component (2). Polyethylene resin component (6) of polypropylene-polyethylene composite fiber (4) used at the same time
), the fibers constituting the web are bonded together to form a separator.

従って、セパレーターの主構成繊維であるポリグロピレ
ンーポリア建ド放射状多層貼り合せ型複合繊維は初期性
能は同じ樹脂を用いるサイド 6− バイサイド型複合繊維に比べ劣るがポリアミド成分劣化
後もポリプロピレン繊維に残存するポリアミド成分によ
り、毛細管現象が生じ、アルカリ電池用セパレーター々
しての性能低下は極力押えられる特性を持つ。
Therefore, although the initial performance of the polyglopylene-polya radial multilayer laminated composite fiber, which is the main constituent fiber of the separator, is inferior to the side-by-side composite fiber using the same resin, it remains the same as the polypropylene fiber even after the polyamide component has deteriorated. The remaining polyamide component causes a capillary phenomenon, which has the characteristic of minimizing performance degradation in separators for alkaline batteries.

また繊維間相互の接着繊維となるポリプルピレン−ポリ
エチレン複合繊維の形態はポリエチレン成分が必らず複
合繊維表面の一部乃至全部と占めることが必要である。
Further, in the form of polypropylene-polyethylene composite fibers that serve as adhesive fibers between the fibers, it is necessary that the polyethylene component necessarily occupies part or all of the surface of the composite fibers.

次に、上記大発明のアルカリ電池用セパレーター(A)
と比較例として従来のポリアミド繊維セパレーター(B
)、ポリプロピレン繊維セパレーター(C)、ポリアミ
ド、ポリプロピレン混合繊維セパレーター中)の物性を
下表に示した。
Next, the alkaline battery separator (A) of the above-mentioned great invention
and a conventional polyamide fiber separator (B
), polypropylene fiber separator (C), polyamide, polypropylene mixed fiber separator) are shown in the table below.

本発明は上記の如く構成したから、接着繊維となるポリ
プロピレン−ポリエチレン複合繊維のM人割合が接着力
、即ち引張強力保持特性にのみ役割りが限定されること
になり、最小混合割合(80〜50%)に抑制すること
ができる。
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the role of the M ratio of polypropylene-polyethylene composite fibers serving as adhesive fibers is limited only to adhesive strength, that is, tensile strength retention properties, and the minimum mixing ratio (80 to 50%).

また電堺液によるセパレーターの劣化による形態変化が
なくなり、電池寿命が大幅に延長する。
In addition, the deterioration of the separator caused by the Densakai liquid eliminates the change in shape, significantly extending battery life.

また上表に示す如く、本発明のセパレーターは表層部に
細孔を設けた複合繊維を主体とするセパレーターに比べ
、親水性のポリアミド樹脂が複合繊維の長手方向に直線
状に4置されるためポリアミド樹脂の吸水性と毛細管現
象による吸液速度が大巾に増加し、更にポリアミド樹脂
部分の劣化後も充分に吸液性能を発揮する。
Furthermore, as shown in the table above, the separator of the present invention is different from a separator made mainly of composite fibers with pores in the surface layer because the hydrophilic polyamide resin is arranged in four straight lines in the longitudinal direction of the composite fibers. The water absorbency of the polyamide resin and the liquid absorption rate due to capillary action are greatly increased, and furthermore, even after the polyamide resin part has deteriorated, it exhibits sufficient liquid absorption performance.

又、吸液量、短絡率、耐アルカリ性とも従来セパレータ
ーに比較して全般に良好な結果を示し、理想的なアルカ
リ電池用セパレーターが得られる等の秀れた効果を有す
る発明である。
In addition, the present invention has excellent effects such as the ability to obtain an ideal separator for alkaline batteries, showing generally better results in terms of liquid absorption, short-circuit rate, and alkali resistance compared to conventional separators.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は大発明のアルカリ電池用セパレーターに用いる
ポリプロピレン−ポリアミド放射状多層貼合せ型複合繊
維の要部拡大図、第2図は同ポリプロピレン−ポリアミ
ド放射状多層貼合せ型複を繊維とポリプロピレン−ポリ
エチレン複合繊維接着部拡大図である。 (1)・・・三角柱形状ポリエチレン樹脂成分、(2)
・・・ポリアミド樹脂成分、(3)・・・ボリプ四ピレ
ン−ポリアミド放射状多層貼合せ型抄杏繊維、(4)・
・・ポリプロピレン−ポリエチレン複合繊m、:sl・
・・ポリエチレン樹脂成分  9−
Figure 1 is an enlarged view of the main parts of the polypropylene-polyamide radial multilayer composite fiber used in the separator for alkaline batteries of the great invention, and Figure 2 is the same polypropylene-polyamide radial multilayer composite fiber and polypropylene-polyethylene composite fiber. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a fiber bonded part. (1) Triangular prism-shaped polyethylene resin component, (2)
...Polyamide resin component, (3)...Voriptetrapyrene-polyamide radial multilayer laminated apricot fiber, (4).
・・Polypropylene-polyethylene composite fiber m, :sl・
...Polyethylene resin component 9-

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] ポリプロピレン樹脂とポリアミド樹脂を紡糸ノズルより
複合紡糸した放射状多層貼合せ型複合繊維とポリプνピ
レンーポリエチレンの複合接着繊維との混合II!維か
らなるり四スウエブ又はランダムウェブの繊維層で構成
され、ウェブ構成繊維相互が加熱、加圧によるポリエチ
レン成分の溶融より一体に接着した見掛密度α20〜0
.50 f//cd のアルカリ電池用七ノくレータ−
Mixture of radial multilayer laminated composite fiber made by composite spinning polypropylene resin and polyamide resin using a spinning nozzle and composite adhesive fiber of polypropylene-polyethylene II! It is composed of fiber layers of four sweves or random webs, and the web-constituting fibers are bonded together by melting the polyethylene component by heating and pressurizing.The apparent density is α20 to 0.
.. Seven cell generators for 50 f//cd alkaline batteries
0
JP58075643A 1983-04-27 1983-04-27 Separator for alkaline battery Granted JPS59201366A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58075643A JPS59201366A (en) 1983-04-27 1983-04-27 Separator for alkaline battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58075643A JPS59201366A (en) 1983-04-27 1983-04-27 Separator for alkaline battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS59201366A true JPS59201366A (en) 1984-11-14
JPH047067B2 JPH047067B2 (en) 1992-02-07

Family

ID=13582132

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP58075643A Granted JPS59201366A (en) 1983-04-27 1983-04-27 Separator for alkaline battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS59201366A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03257755A (en) * 1990-03-07 1991-11-18 Daiwabo Create Kk Separator for alkaline battery
JP2016125152A (en) * 2014-12-26 2016-07-11 株式会社クラレ Conductive yarn and method for producing the same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03257755A (en) * 1990-03-07 1991-11-18 Daiwabo Create Kk Separator for alkaline battery
JP2016125152A (en) * 2014-12-26 2016-07-11 株式会社クラレ Conductive yarn and method for producing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH047067B2 (en) 1992-02-07

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