JPS5930596A - Performance information sensor for automatically performing piano - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a performance information sensor for a player piano that is capable of recording performance information more faithfully.

Generally, a player piano that has not only a playback function but also a recording function is equipped with a sensor that is used during recording. This sensor is usually called a key sensor, and is placed below the 6 keys to detect the pressed key and detect the difference in opening and closing times of the contacts to detect keystroke speed, etc., and to record faithfully. I try to do this.

However, the sound generation mechanism of a player piano is made of a single piece like a general piano, and the strings are struck by a key and an action mechanism that rotates and flies like a hammer. A damper mechanism that operates in conjunction with the string releases the string and allows vibration when the string is struck.
Strictly speaking, the movement of the action mechanism and damper mechanism is different from the movement of the key, so even if you are an expert, simply detecting the movement of the key faithfully will not be enough to accurately detect the string hitting information (pronunciation information) and stop sound information. Therefore, accurate string striking timing and sound stop timing.

It was not possible to obtain performance information based on the strength and weakness of the strings. In particular, in special playing techniques such as staccato and rapid repeated hits, the keystroke information from the keys and the string strike information from the hammer
There is noticeable inaccuracy in the sound stop information provided by the damper mechanism, making accurate recording difficult.

This invention was made in view of the above points,
To provide a performance information sensor for a player piano that can perform faithful and accurate recording by separately detecting a striking needle (7f signal), string striking information, and a stop sound (i'f signal). The key feature is that a sensor that detects the movement of the key, the striking needle hair, etc. is arranged in correspondence with the key, and a sensor that detects the action of the hammer when the string is struck is arranged in correspondence with the hammer. In addition, a sensor that detects information on when the string stops sounding is installed in correspondence with the damper mechanism.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the machine groove section of a player piano equipped with a performance sensor according to the present invention.
The outer reed 2 is placed on top, and on top of that are a plurality of pieces (for example, 88 pieces) corresponding to the strings 3 of each pitch.
The keys 4 are arranged in parallel so as to be swingable in the vertical direction, centering on the middle portions of the keys.

The keyboard reeds 2 are arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the reeds 5 and 5, respectively, and have a length common to all the hammers 4. The front 5, 6, and 7 Chikugo are arranged at appropriate intervals in the arrangement direction of the C114 and extend in the longitudinal direction of the key 4, and the front 5, 6, and 7 Chikugo are integrated. It is formed in a lattice shape by a plurality of connected key boards 8, etc. A long hole (not shown) long in the front and back direction is formed on the lower surface of the front end 4a of the key 4. The second end of the oval key pin 9 installed on the top surface of the oil release 5 is engaged in the elongated hole at 15 o'clock, thereby controlling the movement of @lt4 in the left and right direction (l'1.). In addition, 11 fan-shaped long holes 10 are bored in the middle part of the key 4, and these long holes 10 are planted on the flow board 6 so that the key 4 can be inserted in the downward direction. A balance key bin 11 that is swingably supported is inserted into the holder.Then, the front end 4a of the `\!I4 normally lifts up from the oil release 5 due to the load of the action top structure 13, which will be described later, and the rear end The portion 4b is placed on the upper surface of the Chikugo 7 via the felt 12, and is maintained in its initial position.

A plurality of actuators 14, which are used during playback, are arranged at the rear end of the lower surface of the shelf board 1, corresponding to the six keys 4. These actuators 14 are constituted by well-known electromagnetic plungers, and include solenoid 14a.
The lower end is loosely inserted into the center hole of the solenoid 14a, and the upper end is inserted into the through hole 15 of the shelf board 1 and the keyboard opening 8.
The plunger 14b is inserted through one hole 16, and the plunger 14b has its top end face closely opposed to the lower face of the rear end of the corresponding key 4. Therefore, when a voltage pulse is applied to the solenoid 14a to excite it, the plunger 14b moves upward instantaneously and pushes up the lower surface of the rear end 4b of the key 4, so that the key 4 feels as if it were pressed by hand and operated L. It is operated as follows. In this case, the arrangement position of the actuator 14 is not necessarily limited to the bottom surface of the shelf board 1, but may be arranged between the shelf board 1 and the bowl 4 by MW, or at the front end of the key 4 as in a Porsche type piano. Of course, it may be arranged above the portion 4a.

A plurality of key sensors 20 are arranged on the upper surface of the front end of the board reed 2 in correspondence with the six keys 4.

These key sensors 20 detect the operation of the key pressed during the first recording before the performance and convert it into a digital signal.
This signal is sent to a data recorder (not shown), for example, as shown in FIG. 2, all @=! !
A base 21 is fixed to the keyboard 8-1- with a common extending length for 4, and a height H'M 5! is mounted on the base 21 via a spacer 23. A sensor base 22 is arranged so that the sensor base 22 can be disposed, and a middle part of a plurality of beams 24, which are fixed approximately at the center of the upper surface of the sensor base 22 and which extend in the longitudinal direction of the CN7J base 22 and correspond to each 04. a first printed circuit board 27 that is fixed to the front end of the upper surface of the sensor base 22 via a subaree 26 and extends in the longitudinal direction of the base 22; and the upper surface of the sensor pace 22. A second printed circuit board 29 is disposed at the rear end via a holding portion I428 and extends in the longitudinal direction of the base 22, and a fixed contact common to each key 4 is disposed on the lower surface of this printed circuit board 29. A wire 30 is connected to the front end of each leaf 24, and a wire 30 is connected to the electric circuit of the first printed circuit board 27, and the rear end behind the leaf holder 25 is connected to the electric circuit of the first printed circuit board 27. The wire 30 is normally contacted from below to constitute a break contact, and the rear end is provided with gl (
A substantially inverted J-shaped suppressed portion 24A is integrally provided, which is depressed by the lower surface of the front end of the portrait key 4 when the key 4 is pressed. In this case, the pressed portion 24A is normally kept at a predetermined distance from the lower surface of the front end of the key 4 as shown in FIG.
The key 4 is the maximum struggle NAG (approximately 10.1mm
) is pressed down when it descends approximately 1/2 inch. Therefore, the leaf 24 separates from the wire 30 and breaks the -C key sensor 20, and the signal sent out at this time is used as the key 4 detection number 43 (needle hair signal). Also, press n
When the key 4 begins to return to rotation after the operation, the suppressed portion is pressed in the middle of the rotation.

24A is released from the key 4, so it returns elastically upward,
The leaf 24 is brought into contact with the wire 30 again, in other words, the key sensor 20 is made up. Therefore, key sensor 2
If you detect the time from the break of 0 to the make,
It is possible to detect the key pressing time of the base 4.

Note that a noise prevention leather 35 is fixed to the lower surface of the front end of the key 4 in correspondence with the pressed portion 24A.
The support 41 is disposed above the 114 part 4b and is pivoted upward by the key 4. One end of this support 41 is rotatably supported on a support rail 42 via a sabot flange 43, and a support beer 41a provided on the lower surface of the free end side is connected to a cap implanted on the upper surface of the rear end of the key 4. It is always placed on the stance screw 44, and is configured to be rotated upward in the release direction as the capstan screw 44 rises as the pass 4 is driven. A repetition lever 46 for holding a hammer 45 (described later) at an initial position is swingably disposed on the upper surface of the intermediate portion of the support 41 via a repetition lever flange 47.

This lever (-46) is always given the habit of rotating counterclockwise by a spring 48, and one end thereof comes into contact with one surface of the support 41 to restrict the rotation of the lever 46. Level button 4
9 is attached.

The hammer 45 has a hammer shank 52 whose one end is rotatably supported on a shank rail 51 via a shank range 50, and a hammer felt 5 is attached to the west end of the hammer shank 52 via a hammer wood 53.
4 is fixed, and a hammer roller 55 as a buffer member is attached to the lower surface of the rotation fulcrum side of the shank 52 and placed on the upper surface of the other end side of the repetition lever 46.

At the free end of the support 41, a jack 61, which is formed in a generally rectangular shape, is provided with its bent portion rotatably supported, and the upper end of this jack 61 is connected to the repetition lever. -46 is allowed to rotate by a small angle and is always engaged in a long hole 62 provided at the other end of the roller.

Therefore, the support 41 is activated in conjunction with the driving of the key 4.
When it is rotated, the jack 61 rises together with it and pushes up the hammer roller 55, which causes the hammer shank 52 to move to -1-J? - times Q L,, the Nornmarfelt 54° is arranged to strike the string 3;

In addition, while the jack 61 is being raised, the small jack 61A is attached to the regulating button 66 which is attached to the shank rail 51 via the regulating rail 65.
By coming into contact with and preventing its upward movement, it is rotated clockwise and temporarily escaped from the lower part of the damper roller 55. The jack 61 then presses the regulating button 66 as the support 41 rotates and descends after the string-striking operation.
When it is released from the spring 48 and returns to rotation under the force of the spring 48, its upper end enters the lower part of the nozzle roller 55 again. On the other hand, Hammer 4
5 continues to rotate upward and outward due to inertia even after the escape of jack 61,
After striking the string 3, it rotates down due to its own weight and the repulsive force of the string 3, and after the receiver is stopped by the pack check 67, the hammer o-255 moves to the repetition lever 46.
It is held in its initial position by coming into contact with it. In this case, the string striking timing and string striking strength of the hammer 45 are naturally determined by the string striking speed of the hammer 450, in other words, the thrusting blade of the jack 61 and the mass of the hammer 45.

In FIG. 1, 70 is a bracket that is erected on the keyboard section 2 via an action stand γ1 and to which the support rail 42 and shank rail 51 are fixed, and γ3 and 74 are jack buttons that set the initial position of the jack 61. and Jackstop.

Several hammer sensors 8o are arranged above the rotational fulcrum side of the hammer shank 52, corresponding to each action ytlH3. This hammer sensor 80 is
The hammer 450 is used to detect the string striking timing and string striking strength, and is attached to the inner surface of the sensor bracket 81 as shown in FIGS. 1, #g3, and 4, for example.

That is, the sensor bracket 81 has a length that extends commonly to all the action mechanisms 13, and is bent into a substantially inverted shape, so that it is composed of a vertical portion 81a and a horizontal portion 131b. An upper hinge piece 83A of the hinge 83 is fixed to this vertical portion 81a. ·on the other hand
The lower hinge piece 83B of iWF number 83 is attached to the pace bracket 84 fixed to the right side surface of the shank rail 51 in FIG.
The upper hinge piece 83A and the vertical portion 81a are usually fixed to the pace bracket 84 by screws.

Therefore, the action mechanism 13 and the key 4 are connected to the keyboard section 2.
After removing the screws (not shown) fixing the upper hinge piece 83A and the vertical part 81a to the pace bracket 84, move the sensor bracket 81 180 degrees clockwise in the direction of the hour hand in figure fX1. When rotated, the bracket 81 is turned upside down as shown by the two-dot chain line.
, maintenance, inspection, replacement, etc. of the hammer sensor 80 are facilitated.

The horizontal part 81b of the sensor bracket 81 extends beyond the shank range 50 and above the hammer shank 52, and the lower surface of the horizontal part 81b is provided with each hammer sensor 8.
0 is arranged corresponding to each hammer shank 52. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, each hammer sensor 8° is held in the middle by a leaf holder 87 or -788, and is placed behind this holder BT so that the leaf 88 of all the hammer sensors 80 A pair of upper and lower wires 89A, 89 forming a common fixed contact
B, and the front end of the leaf 88 is connected to a leaf printed circuit board 90 (see FIG. 21) disposed on the lower surface of the horizontal portion 81b. On the other hand, the pair of wires 89A
, 89B, the upper wire 89A is connected to the horizontal portion 8
The lower wire 89B is fixed to the surface of a fixed contact printed circuit board 91 disposed on the lower surface of 1b, and the lower wire 89B is fixed to the upper surface of a plate 93 attached to the printed circuit board 91 via a spacer. A predetermined distance is set and maintained between these two wires 89A and 89B. The bale end of the leaf 88 is inserted between both wires [19A and 11OB and normally contacts the lower wire 89B from above, and the rear end of the leaf 88 is bent into a substantially J shape to form a hammer shank. 52 constitutes a pressed portion 88A.

The holder 87 holding the leaf 88 is located at the horizontal portion 8.
This tongue piece 100 is fixed to the lower surface of a tongue piece-like part 100 provided on the part 1b, and this tongue piece-like part 100 is made of a tongue piece surrounded by a substantially U-shaped notch groove 101 as shown in FIG. A small hole 102 for adjusting the leaf height is bored in the hole.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 4, the height of the leaf 88 can be adjusted by inserting a suitable adjusting tool 104 into the small hole 102 to change the height of the tongue portion 100.

However, when the tongue-shaped portion 100 is bent in the thickness direction (vertical direction) or in the torsional direction, the pressed portion of the leaf 88 [
Since the height of 18A changes, the distance between the pressed part [1 (IA) and the hammer shank 52 changes, so that the unevenness of the hammer sensor 80 can be adjusted. This prevents the hammer 45 from accidentally rising and rotating and damaging the leaf 88 and the like after the action mechanism 13, key 4, etc. are pulled out from the abacus board. Further, a pressed portion 88 of the leaf 88 is provided on the upper surface of the hammer shank 52.
A cushioning member 108 made of leather or the like is fixed corresponding to A.

In the action mechanism 13 equipped with the hammer sensor 80 having such a configuration, when the key 4 is pressed,
The key 4 rotates clockwise around the balance key bin 11, and in conjunction with this, the event 41 is pushed up by the capstan screw 44 and rotated counterclockwise, and the jack 61 pushes up the hammer roller 55. . Therefore, the hammer 45 rotates upward in the clockwise direction, and on the way there, the upper surface of the hammer shank 52 pushes up the pressed portion 88A of the leaf 88 and elastically deforms it.

As a result, the leaf 88 separates from the lower wire 89B and contacts the upper wire 09A, thereby forming a transfer contact. At this time, leaf 88 and wire 89B
There is a surprising time difference between the break point of 788 and the make point of wire 09A, and this time difference is short when the string striking speed of No. 45 is fast and long when it is slow. By measuring this, it is possible to directly detect the string-striking speed, that is, the string-striking strength. Therefore, by using this string-striking information, it is possible to control sound production more accurately and to record faithful performances.

FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) are diagrams showing the relationship between the struggle of the beam at 1℃4, the movement of the nozzle 45, and the break and make times of the key sensor 20 and the nozzle sensor 80,
A, T3i, 1. The break time and make time of the key sensor 20, C and D are the break time and make time of the hammer sensor 80. In this case, the time Δt from the break point C to the make point Dt is converted into a digital value and sent to the data recorder, thereby being recorded as string hitting information.

Next, returning to FIG. 1 again to explain the damper mechanism and the damper sensor, a plurality of damper mechanisms 120 are disposed behind the outer 4 and operate in conjunction with the six keys 4. This damper 417120, like a general grand piano, is provided corresponding to the string 3 of each pitch, and when not playing, the damper head 121 presses the string 3 from above to prevent its vibration, When the damper lever 122 is pushed up by the key 4,
47 to move the tamper head 121 away from the string 3.
G has been completed. The base of the damper lever 122 is rotatably supported through seven ranges on a damper lever rail (not shown), and the free end extends above the rear end 4b of the key 4 with a slight distance therebetween. Also, the lever 122
The damper head 121 is the damper block 12.
4 and a damper wire 125. Further, the damper mechanism 120 includes a sliding rail 126 that extends below all damper levers 122 in common. This lifting rail 12
6 is rotated upward in conjunction with depression of a damper pedal (not shown) provided at the bottom of the piano body, thereby pushing up all the damper levers 122 at once.
It is configured to move all damper heads 121 away from the strings 3. Therefore, when all strings 3 are released by pedal operation, any string 3 can be pressed by the hammer 45.
Hit it! When IY, the vibration of that string 3 is transmitted to the other strings 3 which are left open, causing them to resonate and increasing the performance.

The front end surface of the lifting rail 126, i.e., the spacing 4
A plurality of damper sensors 130 are arranged on the surface facing the rear end "1" of the damper levers 12 of each damper mechanism 120.
2 are arranged in parallel. This damper sensor 130 has a sensor main body 131, a sensor body 131 bent into a substantially V-shape, and an actuator 133. The break contacts are formed by contacting each other and the free end forming a pressing part that presses the actuator 133. Then, when the damper lever 122 is rotated upward in conjunction with the operation of @4, the lever -7132 is released from the lever 122 and elastically returns in the direction of the weight 4 to release the suppressed state of the actuator 133. The damper sensor 130 is temporarily released and the damper sensor 130 is turned on, and the signal sent at this time is recorded as sound stop information for the damper machine 't7'7120. In this case, the timing of break and make of the damper sensor 130 can be easily changed by changing the mounting height of the sensor body 131, the spring force of the leaf 132, etc.

FIG. 6 shows the break of the damper sensor 130.

This is a diagram showing the relationship between the make point and the movement of the key 4, where G is the amount of struggle of the key 4, 14q is the movement trajectory of the key 4 during normal key depression, 141 is the movement trajectory of the key 4 during staccato,
Pl is the break point of damper sensor 90, P21P
3 indicates each make point. As is clear from this figure, the break point P when the key is pressed in a staccato playing style is
The time Δt1 from 1 to make point P2 is the time Δt from break point P1 to make point P3 during normal keystroke.
It will be shorter than 2. This means that the one chopstick timing is Δt2 between normal keystrokes and staccato keystrokes.
-Δ1. This means that there is a deviation. therefore,
If you try to obtain sound stop information simply by moving the key 4, the sound stop timing will deviate from the actual sound stop timing by the damper mechanism 120, resulting in inaccurate information.
[Directly detects the sound stop timing of the damper mechanism 120/
If this, IL), it is possible to violate the stop sound information of (''1, no deviation and positive J+'(N). Then, Δt1,
Δt2 is converted into a digital signal and sent to a data recorder (
Is′1 (not shown), the stop sound fi”f
'if'=, 5 points with the binding]! It is done.

Incidentally, P 4 r, I: (;(== Even if this point P4 is moved to P3 at the time of making by the next key switch, since it is controlled by vF itself,
44N special, one hill of damper machine + jk in M method ('i
It will be obvious that it is impossible to obtain 'f-information.

The explanation up to this point has been about the case where the performance information sensor is applied to a grand type 111 performance piano, but this invention is not limited to this case, but can also be applied directly to upright type automatic performance pianos. It is.

Also, the mounting position of the bar lever ν'-130 is not limited to the lifting gray/shi 126, but the mounting position of the bar lever 122. It may be disposed on the damper 121 or the like or in correspondence with the damper 121, and the structure of the sensor itself may be similar to that of the key sensor 20.

Salani, Hammer-Hin Zar, 80-year-old 1.1-year-old, etc. are not limited to this, and fiIX can be changed.

As explained above, the performance information sensor of the automatic performance piano according to the present invention includes a sensor for detecting key press operation information, a sensor for detecting key press string information by a damper, a damper, a machine ( Since the sensor sensor that detects the stop sound information by the key sensor is very clear, even in special playing techniques such as staccato and fast repeated hits, information can be recorded in a more faithful performance compared to information based only on the conventional key sensor. In addition, it has a simple structure and is easy to install, and can be easily installed on existing pianos without requiring any special processing.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing an embodiment of the action part of a player piano equipped with a performance information function according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the main part of the key sensor, and FIG. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in Figure 3. Figure 5 (a) is a) enlarged bottom view of the essential parts of the 1-mer sensor. Figure 5 (a) is a diagram showing the struggle of the 1-mer, the movement of the 1-mer, and the key sensor sensor. Figure 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between hammer sensor break and make RA, and Figure 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between minute 1 polishing, damper sensor break, and make time. 4...Key, 13-... Action) 4 sleeps 20...
・・Key sensor, 456 urn O・/'S mer, 80・
...Hammer sensor, 12(]-Φ・Curn damper 1
1 (tiQ, 13Qφ-... Danno Kuichi sensor. Patent applicant Nippon Keiki Seizo Co., Ltd. agent Masa Yamayogiφ) (and 11 others, Figure 2, Figure 5 - Figure 6)

Claims (1)

[Claims] A sensor is arranged corresponding to the key, which is activated by the outside of the core when the key is pressed and sweeps, and detects key pressing operation information, and is activated by the hammer when the hammer is used to strike a string, and detects the string hitting information. A sensor is arranged corresponding to the above-mentioned number,
The damper 4 also includes a sensor that is activated by the damper plate groove and detects noise stop information when the damper mechanism is activated.
14 A performance information sensor for a self-playing piano whose arrangement corresponds to ff9 is /l'fg.