JPS5951232B2 - Motor rapid reversible device - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Field of application of the invention] The present invention relates to a rapid rotation reversing device for a motor.

[Background of the invention]

A conventional rapid rotation reversing device for this type of motor will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.

FIG. 1 is an external view of an electric chain block for single-phase power supply. By connecting the power line 17 to the power source and operating the push button switch 11, the motor (main winding 1
9. The lower hook 21 is raised and lowered by the action of the auxiliary winding 20). Its operation will be explained with reference to FIG.

After connecting the power wires 17 (U, V) to the power source, first press the upper contact 12 of the pushbutton switch 11, and the excitation coil 22 of the upper electromagnetic switch 13 is energized and the contacts 23, 24 are activated.
, 25 are closed, U-24'-24-24"-19-2
3"-23-23'-V main winding circuit is configured, and at the same time V-23'-27'-30-20-10-2-2
5”-25-25'-29'-28'-24'-
A circuit of U is constructed.

Therefore, the motor rotates, and the float 5 receives rotational force in the A direction. At this time, as the rotational force increases, the contact 10 is opened by the action of the centrifugal force switch, and the auxiliary winding circuit is opened. Note that the 10'-3-29" circuit remains, but since the contact 29 is energized and open, the auxiliary winding circuit remains open. Next, switch to the lowering push button 32. When pressed, the excitation coil 26 of the lower electromagnetic switch 15 is energized, contacts 27, 28, and 29 are closed, and contacts 23,
24 and 25 are opened.

As a result, the excitation direction of the main winding 19 is reversed, and the rotation direction is changed. That is, the main winding circuit is U-24''-28''
-28-28″″-23″″-19-24″″-27″
"-27-2T-23"-V is constructed. At the same time, the auxiliary winding circuit is V-23''-27''-30-20-1''-3
A circuit of 29''-29-29''-28''-24''-U is constructed. Therefore, the motor rotates and the float 5 moves to B.
Receives rotational force in the direction. At this time, as the rotation speed increases,
Contact 1' is opened by the action of the centrifugal switch, and the auxiliary winding circuit is opened. The switch mechanism used in this device will be explained with reference to FIG. Basically neutral contact 1
It is composed of a left contact 2 and a right contact 3, but the left and right contacts 2,
A switching element 4 is disposed in the center between 3, and one end 4'' receives the pressing force and rotational force of the centrifugal shift switch 5 and rotates in the upward, downward, and left-right rotational directions (A, B) in Fig. 3. It has a structure that allows it to rotate freely.

The other end has a recess 7 which is engaged with a fulcrum protrusion 6'' of a fixture 6 in order to obtain a rotatable structure, and the central part of the switching element 4 is supported by a support fixture 8. In this case, the support fitting 8 is elastically supported by a part 9'' of the conductive elastic body 9 constituting the neutral contact. While the body 9'' is displaced, the switch 4 is simultaneously displaced using the fulcrum protrusion 6'' as a fulcrum. In this situation,
The centrifugal switch 5 is in a closed state, that is, FIG. 4 shows the state when the motor is stopped. In this case, the left and right contacts 2, 3 and the neutral contacts 10, 1' are closed by the restoring force of the conductive elastic body 9, forming the circuit shown in FIG. 2. When, for example, the upper side 12 of the push button 11 is pressed from these stopped states, the upper electromagnetic switch 13 is activated, and the motor is biased in the direction A in FIG. 3.

Then, due to the frictional force at the abutment between the one end 4'' of the switching element 4 and the centrifugal switch inductor 5, the switching element 4 rotates in the A direction about the fulcrum protrusion 6''. That is, a contact that can be opened is selected as the neutral contact 10. From this state, when the rotation of the motor increases and the inductor 5 of the centrifugal switch releases the pressure on the switching element 4, the switching element 4 is pushed up by the restoring force of the elastic body 9'' and the contact hook 14 engages the neutral contact 10. is pushed up to open the auxiliary winding circuit of the motor. This state is shown in Figure 5. In this case, the neutral contact 1' side remains closed, but the right contact 3 is opened in the electromagnetic switch 15. 4, so there is no problem and the two neutral contacts 1
The distance 1 of 0.10'' is almost the same as the width 1 of the contact hook 14 of the switch 4, that is, if the lever 4 rotates even slightly, the opposite side will not engage. The structure is such that the neutral contacts 10 and 1' are never lifted at the same time under any circumstances. However, in such a conventional quick reversing device for a motor, the contact mechanism portion is exposed, and dust and the like can easily enter the contact portion and the rotating portion, resulting in malfunction.

Furthermore, since the switch 4 is pressed only on one side, the swinger 5 moves as shown in FIGS. 6A, B, and C.

At this time, as shown in these figures, the pressed switching element 4 has a contact surface whose contact radius m1 to M3 changes as shown in 01 to 03, so the frictional force and wear state between the idler 5 and the switching element 4 change. It changes a lot and the operation is unstable. [Object of the Invention] The present invention aims to improve reliability by eliminating the intrusion of dust into the contact portion, and to stabilize the operation of the switching element by keeping the contact state of the switching element with the idler always in the same state. shall be.

[Summary of the invention]

According to the present invention, the motor has a main winding 19 and an auxiliary winding 20.
and a contact 25 connecting the auxiliary winding 20 to the power supplies U and V. 1 switch 13, with contacts 27 and 28 connecting the main winding 19 in the opposite direction to the power supplies U and V, and contacts 29 connecting the auxiliary winding 20 to the power supplies U and V. A neutral contact 10,1'' connected to the auxiliary winding 20, and two movable left and right contacts 2,3 in switching contact with the neutral contact 10,1''. and an inductor 5 that slides in the axial direction by the rotational force of the motor.
In the rapid reversing device for a motor, a switch 42 is provided so as to be able to come into contact with a surface perpendicular to the axis of the inductor 5, and a spring 40 is provided to move the switch 42 in the axial direction.
A part of the switching element 42 is provided with locking parts 43 and 43' that selectively lock the left and right contacts 2 and 3, and the auxiliary winding 20
This is a quick reversible motor reversible device characterized in that the changeover switch mechanism is closed and housed in a case 35.

According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a motor quick reversing device in which dust does not enter the contact portion, the reliability is high, the state of contact between the switching element and the idler element is always the same, and the operation of the switching element is stable. It is something that can be done.

[Embodiments of the invention]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 7 to 13.

As shown in FIG. 10, the centrifugal Kaswitch rotating section is fixed to the rotor 31 of the motor and is urged to rotate due to the increase in centrifugal force.

This is a general configuration in which the idler 5 moves in the axial direction as shown by 5', and is returned to its position by the action of a tension spring 33 as rotational force, that is, centrifugal force decreases. The fixed side switch has an insulating substrate 34 and a case 3 as shown in FIG.
5 constitutes its outer frame, and the left and right sides 3 of the case 35
6 and 37 have supporting parts for the left and right contacts 2 and 3, and fixed side contacts 10 and 10' are fixed to the bottom part. Left and right contacts 2, 3
When stopped, that is, when the rotating part idler 5 is closed, it is in contact with the stationary side contacts 10, 10' by the pressing springs 38, 38'. Between the left and right contacts 2 and 3, there is a switch whose one end engages with the recess 39 of the case 35 to serve as a fulcrum, and whose other end expands and contracts, respectively, by the elasticity of a built-in compression spring 40 in response to the pressing force of the floater 5. Children 41 and 42 are arranged. As shown in FIG. 9, a part of the switching element 42 has locking parts 43, 43' that abut against the left or right contacts 2, 3 to open the contacts when the idler 5 is opened. are formed, and these width dimensions 1
0 is formed to be approximately equal to the gap l between the left and right contacts. This ensures reliable switching even when the frictional force between the idler 5 and the switching element 42 is unstable when switching the contacts, and prevents the switching element 42 from protruding from the space between the left and right contacts, resulting in malfunction. The purpose is to prevent Switch 41
, 42 are therefore configured to be stable in a position tilted to either the left or the right under any condition, and are unlikely to be stable at a neutral point.

Note that the substrate 34 has guide holes 53 for maintaining proper inclinations of these switching elements 42. Reference numeral 44 denotes a dustproof cover which is attached so as to be able to slide left and right following the rotational movement of the switches 41 and 42 in order to prevent dust and the like from entering the contact portion through the guide hole 53.

In addition, the left and right contacts 2 and 3 and the fulcrum parts 36 and 37 of the case 35
As shown in a perspective view in FIG. 12, the supporting parts are inserted into slits 54, 54' provided on both side walls of the case 35, and are made of insulating material and roughen the holding parts 45 that fix the fixed contacts 10, 10'. The left and right contacts 2, 3 are held by a presser 46 and a contact presser B48 having a similar shape and a contact presser portion 47.
When the switching elements 42 collide with each other due to expansion and contraction, they are configured to be able to freely rotate. In addition, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 12, lead wires 4 are connected to the respective contacts 2, 3, 10, and 10'.
9, 50, and 51 are connected to enable the required connections. The fixed contact portion having these configurations is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
As shown in the figure, it is attached to one end of the motor section at a predetermined position via a mounting bracket 52.

In these configurations, when the rotor 31 is stopped, the swinger 5 of the centrifugal switch is in the position shown in FIG. 10 and is switched by the pushing force of the tension spring 33. The switching element is compressed against the repulsive force of the compression spring 40 within the elements 41 and 42. In this state, the switching elements 41 and 42 are tilted to one side, but they do not engage with the fixed contacts 2 and 3, etc., and when the swinger 5 is rotated in the direction of reversing the switching element 42, the switching occurs. There is a frictional force between the child 42 and the idler 5, and the movement can be easily reversed using the 39 part as a fulcrum. Therefore, as described above, when the electromagnetic switch 13 or 15 is turned on by operating the push button switch 11, the rotor 31 is energized, and the rotor 31 is energized instantly according to the rotational direction at that time.
Either the left or right contacts 2 or 3 are selected, and as the centrifugal force increases, the floater 5 opens to the position shown by 5', and as shown in FIG. 9, the contact of the switch 42 is locked. The portion 43 serves to open the contact and open the auxiliary winding circuit. When the power to the motor is cut off and the rotational force is deenergized, the idler 5 returns to its original position, so it returns to the OFF position where the contact point can be freely selected in preparation for the next startup. be. The relationship between these operations and circuit control is as described above. The disadvantages of the prior art and the effects of the present invention will be listed in comparison.

. Next, the effects of this embodiment will be explained in comparison with the prior art.

Conventionally, the switch mechanism is exposed, and the contact and rotating parts are easily contaminated with dust, causing problems such as welding of the contacts and causing malfunctions, but according to an embodiment of the present invention, For example, since the entire structure is housed in a case, there is no possibility of dust entering the contact portion, improving reliability.

Furthermore, when the conventional idler 5 rotates the motor in the same direction from the closed state shown in FIG. However, as the rotational force increases, the floater 5 separates from the switching element 4 and opens the contact 10, opening the auxiliary winding circuit. In addition to performing three-dimensional movements such as rotation and pivoting, the switching element 4 performs irregular movements because it is braked by the two supporting points of the fulcrum protrusion 6'' and the support metal fitting 8.
When the objects are separated by centrifugal force, unexpected movements as shown in FIG. 5 may occur.

Furthermore, there is a possibility that the contact 10 will open before the rotational force reaches a sufficient level. On the other hand, in one embodiment of the present invention, the switching elements 41, 4
2 is simple with only expansion/contraction and rotation, and since the fulcrum is only at one point, the switch 41, there is no unexpected movement.
The locking portion 43 of the switch 42 only operates to hold and raise the contact 2.

That is, in FIG. 6, the auxiliary winding circuit is opened after the rotational speed of the motor has sufficiently increased. In the conventional idler 5, since the switch 4 is pressed only on one side, the sixth
It fluctuates as shown in diagrams A, B, and C.

At this time, as shown in these figures, the pressed switching element 4 has a contact surface whose contact radius m1 to M3 changes greatly as indicated by 01 to 03, so the state of friction and wear between the idler 5 and the switching element 4 changes. changes and operation is unstable.
5 In this regard, in one embodiment of the present invention, the switching element 42 is axially expandable and retractable, so that in any case, such as when the slider 5 is tilted as shown in Figs. Therefore, stable frictional force can be obtained and stable switching performance can be maintained. In the conventional type, the material of the switching element 4 is steel, and the material of the idler 5 is
Since the material of the switch 42 and the slider 5 are resin, they are not compatible, and only the slider 5 wears out, making it impossible to obtain a stable frictional force. However, in one embodiment of the present invention, both the switching element 42 and the slider 5 are made of the same material. Since it is made of resin, it is compatible, easy to get used to, and provides stable switching.

In the conventional technology, the switch 4 is made of metal (conductor), so if an unexpected phenomenon occurs such as the switch being removed due to wear of the fulcrum or the switch 4 being broken, the switch will move from side to side. If the contacts 10 and 1' are short-circuited, the auxiliary winding circuit will not be opened even when the motor reaches a certain rotation speed, which could lead to motor burnout. In this regard, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the material of the switch 42 is resin (insulating material), and the elastic spring is enclosed in two cylindrical bodies, so that the engagement between the two bodies does not come off under any circumstances. By limiting the expansion/contraction range, the left and right contacts 2 and 3 will not be short-circuited even if they are damaged, and there is no need to consider the insulation distance between the contacts 2 and 3 and the switch 42, allowing for free design. becomes.

In conventional products, the neutral point serves both as an elastic body and a conductor, so it was difficult to obtain appropriate characteristics for the required characteristics due to temperature rise due to energization, shape restrictions, etc. However, one implementation of the present invention According to the example, since the contact pressure spring etc. are provided independently, the required characteristics can be freely selected. Furthermore, in the conventional type, the holding method of the contact hook is unstable, so there is a risk that it may come off due to impact during operation, resulting in malfunction.

In this regard, according to one embodiment of the present invention, locking portions 43, 43'' for opening the contacts are formed at the lower part of the switch 42, and the width dimension of these portions is 1.

is designed to be approximately equal to the gap 1 between the left and right contacts, so even if the frictional force between the idler 5 and the switching element 42 is unstable during contact switching, reliable switching is performed, and the gap 1 between the left and right contacts is This has the effect of preventing the switch 42 from protruding from the gap 1 and causing malfunction. [Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention, there is no intrusion of dust into the contact portion, the reliability is high, the state of contact between the switching element and the idler element is always the same, and the operation of the switching element is stable. A rapid reversing device can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a front view of a conventional electric chain lock, Figure 2 is its electric circuit diagram, Figure 3A is a perspective view of the main parts of a conventional quick reversing device, and Figure 3B is a plan view of the neutral contact. Figure, Figure 4,
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the device, FIGS. 6A-C are explanatory diagrams of the contact state of the device, and FIGS. 7 to 13 show an embodiment of the main part of the present invention. Longitudinal cross-sectional view when the motor is stopped,
Fig. 8 is a partially cutaway plan view, Fig. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of the motor when it is rotating, Fig. 10 is a partially cutaway side view showing the state in which it is attached to the motor, and Fig. 11 is its front view. FIG. 12 is a developed view of the components, and FIGS. 13A to 13C are explanatory diagrams of a contact state showing an embodiment of the present invention. 5... Centrifugal Kaswitch floater, 10... Neutral contact, 11... Push button, 16... Insulating plate, 31... Rotor, 33... No. I spring, 34... Board, 35...
Case, 38... Pressure spring, 40... Compression spring, 41
...Switching element, 43...Locking part, 44...Dustproof cover, 53...Guide hole.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 The motor has a main winding 19 and an auxiliary winding 20, and contacts 23 and 24 connect the main winding 19 in the positive direction with respect to the power supplies U and V, and the auxiliary winding 20 is connected to the power supply U, a first switch 13 with a contact 25 connected to V;
Contacts 27 and 28 connect the main winding 19 in the opposite direction to the power supplies U and V, and connect the auxiliary winding 20 to the power supplies U and V.
a second switch 15 with a contact 29 connected to said auxiliary winding 20;
', and two movable left and right contacts 2, 3 that are in switching contact with the neutral contacts 10, 10', and an inductor 5 that slides in the axial direction by the rotational force of the motor. In the rapid rotation reversing device, a switch 42 is provided so as to be able to freely come into contact with a surface perpendicular to the axis of the inductor 5.
A spring 40 is provided to move the auxiliary winding 20 in the axial direction, and locking portions 43 and 43' are provided on a part of the switching element 42 to selectively lock the left and right contacts 2 and 3. A quick reversible motor reversible device characterized in that a changeover switch mechanism part is closed and housed in a case 35.