JPS60233201A - Track inspection and measuring apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

This invention is based on the changes 1 of the track in the normal train passing section C.
Of course, the number of measurements within a specified period is limited, and the number of measurements is limited, such as sections where there is little train traffic, station premises, etc. This relates to a track inspection device that is capable of detecting and measuring the amount of displacement in both the vertical and horizontal directions (g2) of railway tracks laid in railyards, sections immediately after maintenance work, etc., using a small and simple means. . Since the track is subjected to repeated loads each time a train passes, each part is displaced or deformed compared to the state it was in when the track was laid, resulting in what is called a "track deviation", and when this track deviation is severe (second When the ride comfort of a train deteriorates and becomes significantly worse, or for example, when a compound error consisting of off-track and off-level occurs, it is one of the causes of abnormal situations such as train derailment accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately grasp the state of track deviation at all times, and immediately repair or improve any abnormalities. However, as an indicator of orbit deviation, it is less than normal 5
Items can be listed, but since there are differences in height deviation and passing deviation C: left and right, respectively, there are 7 items. First, we will talk about Section 5, September. Average height (3) Height deviation, unevenness along the length of the top surface of the rail (generally 10 mm long) is stretched along the top surface of the rail 2, and the top surface of the rail at the center part C 2 Displayed by the vertical distance between C2 and the thread

【ing. (4) The inner surface of the rail is made uneven along the length direction. (1) It is expressed by the horizontal distance between the two points at a certain distance. The specified values for fixed intervals are specified as 5m for conventional lines and 2.5m for Shinkansen.In addition to the above 5 items g = height, left and right of the street (7 items including the rails in 2) There is a high-speed track inspection car that can be used for inspection, which is approximately the same size as a normal passenger car and has a satisfactory inspection function. Although it is preferable to use the above-mentioned high-speed track inspection vehicle in the track sections that pass through, the number of measurements that can be taken within a specified period of time, for example, one year, is limited, and the
■In areas outside of t and where there is a small number of trains passing through, detention tracks for temporarily stopping freight cars inside stations, rail yards, and areas immediately after maintenance work are completed, etc. When measuring the amount of deviation in the vertical and horizontal directions of the track, there are relatively few vibrations, shocks, etc. due to 1 train passing ≦ 2, so if there is not much change in the initial condition due to the track setting (
= If so, it is currently excluded from the measurement targets by high-speed track inspection vehicles, but it is natural that it is desirable to conduct precise (two-way) inspections of irregularities in the high-low and low-level gauges, planes, etc. In addition, the amount of deviation in the above-mentioned item (4) is the amount of deviation of the center point with respect to the reference string, so the traveling bogie frame is always adjusted to the inside surface of the rail (railway surface ), the amount of deviation at the center point becomes a value that can be measured, and one measurement sensor is sufficient. Therefore, as a means to do this, the reaction force is applied to the opposite rail and the spring force is used to push the running bogie frame onto the inner surface of the reference rail (two times), or the running edge of the wheel is pushed against the inner surface of the reference rail (normally , the part that contacts the inside of the rail has a large diameter, and the top surface of the rail (the part that contacts the inside is small diameter, but the large and small parts of that diameter are reversed), or the axis of the wheel is set in the direction of travel. However, it is difficult to keep the traveling bogie frame in constant contact with the inner surface of the reference rail, and the wheel There is a drawback that the flanges slide against the inner surface of the rail, increasing running resistance and reducing the running speed of the train.Also, both the above (4) deviation and (3) height deviation are 10m long. 5 refers to the center value of a pair, so a 10m measurement frame is required to directly measure the amount of deviation, but it is difficult to handle, so it is difficult to say that it is practical. Conventionally, when measuring the amount of misalignment due to rail misalignment and elevation misalignment, a reference frame or reference chord was set up for the left and right rails and measurements were made separately for the left and right rails, which caused a sense of trouble and trouble during work. It was difficult to avoid wasting time, and it was also difficult to measure flatness deviation (secondly, in the past, as mentioned above, it was expressed as the algebraic difference between two points at a constant interval, and this was measured). As a means to do this, for example, there is a "rail plane deviation measuring device" according to Utility Model Registration No. 906121, which takes an unreasonable amount of time and effort due to the algebraic difference in the inclination of the front and rear axles. Therefore, this invention is intended to rectify the above-mentioned drawbacks of type A, and includes a central bogie frame equipped with measuring instruments for both high and low track gauges and level deviations. By making the pair of front and rear jointed bogie frames equipped with respective measuring instruments in the front and rear sections removable, it is easier for the user to handle them, and speeding up the measurement process. , track inspection IIJ of line sections that are excluded from the measurement targets of high-speed track inspection vehicles, which is expected to expand the range of applications such as memorization of measured values and correction calculation of amount of deviation, etc.
The present invention also aims to provide a suitable trajectory measuring device. A major embodiment of this invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
Looking at the figure, there are flange-shaped joints at the front and rear of the trapezoidal central bogie frame M (in Figures 1 and 2, the left side is the front and the right side is the rear). , J! A bolt (not shown) connects the trapezoidal joint frame F, F, which is equipped with the displacement detector 1. T8, respectively. Each connected body of the bogie frame M and the jointed bogie storage F, , F, 1.
2.3 can be freely approached and separated from the flange-shaped joint through , ζ2, the pair of rails of the central bogie frame M, l/4
On the side (upper part 2 in Fig. 1), the wheels W, , W, for running the central bogie frame M are also placed on the measurement reference rail 5 side (the first
C2 (lower in the figure, hereinafter referred to as reference rail) has a sensor-equipped wheel 6 for measuring travel distance and a guide wheel 61 mounted thereon so as to be able to roll freely, and the sensor-equipped wheel 6 is placed against the top surface of the reference rail 5, It is supported by an arm so that it can rotate while being pressed at all times, and it emits a signal of one pulse every time it travels for 1 meter, instructing it to measure the amount of deviation in elevation, track, etc. at that point. , and the front and rear joint bogie frames F, F2
Wheels W for running are provided through arm pieces near the front and rear ends of each of the wheels W,
, W. are supported rollably on the reference rail 5, and these wheels Xv, W, are placed at two adjacent positions and at the center bogie frame M.
Displacement detectors T, , T, , T, are respectively set in the center of the base frame 7m on the reference rail 5 side of the rear joint bogie frame Ft, and the holding piece 8c'' protruding from the rear part of the connecting body 3. Pin P
On the other hand, when the front connecting body 2 is placed on the reference rail 5@j+2 of the jointed bogie frame F, the opposite rail 4 side C: of the central bogie frame M detects gauge displacement. In addition, an angular displacement detector H for measuring the inclination of the opposite rail 4 side and the reference rail 5 side is set approximately in the center, and a displacement detector T as described above is also installed on the reference rail 5 side. Wheels W, , W
, n A height displacement detector E for measuring the distance between the central bogie frame M and the top surface of the reference rail 5 is set at the center. However, as described above, the displacement detectors T, , T2. Since the structures of the gauge T, gauge displacement detector G, and height displacement detector E are approximately the same, they will be described in FIGS. 4 and 5. Bearings C1 and C3 are provided at the inner end of a rectangular casing V, which is horizontally mounted and fixed to the movable rod 1, which is passed through and fitted into these bearings C1 and C1, respectively.
A block-shaped street sensor S (or gauge sensor S
2) is fixed and suspended, and the moving rod 1 is placed near the sensor S.
At the end of the supporting shaft d, which is perpendicular to 0, there are four
These rollers r and r are respectively placed on parallel guide rails 13 and 13 horizontally suspended and fixed to the hanging pieces 12 of the casings V and -2, so that they can be moved freely, and A wire 14 is attached to one end of the support shaft d at a proper position C.
On the other side, potentiometer 15I: attached rotating shaft d! At the same time, the other end of the winding is fixed to the pulley 16, and the spindle d1 is always urged and biased toward the pulley 16 by the coil 17 that takes up the wire wound around the rotating shafts d and C. However, the collar fixed in the middle of the moving rod 1o, -C,
A coil spring J8, which is tensioned between C and bearing C0, is always elastically biased in the direction of arrow U. As for the height sensor S3, as shown in FIG.
The above-mentioned gauge track sensor s1. It is different from s. In addition, when two angular displacement detectors H are installed, as shown in Figs. A pair of L-shaped support pieces 23.23 are fixed and suspended, and the lower ends of these support pieces 23.23 are horizontally mounted and fixed on a support shaft 2.
4 rotatably supports a cylindrical wheel W at L7. These wheels W are mounted on the top surface of the reference rail 5 and the opposite side rail 4 so as to be able to roll freely, while a level sensor is attached to the approximately central upper surface of the horizontal reference beam 22 by means of a screw-like fastener 'Is'. S
, and the reference beams 26.26 extending across the front and rear C2 of the central bogie frame M are suspended via coil springs 10-25.25 on both sides of the water sensor S4. be. As shown in FIG. m+ U-shaped bearing, c, supporting shafts 27, 27 are horizontally mounted and fixed, and the lower end of the arm piece 28, which is passed through these supporting shafts 27, 27 so as to be able to freely rotate upward, C, a double pillar-shaped M weight 29; The fixed phrase hangs on one arm piece 2
A protrusion y inserted into a pair of notches n and n made in the middle of 8
A two-level measuring rod 31 is attached to a U-shaped clamping body 30 to which , y are attached.
The end of the level measuring rod 31 is fixed by screwing, and the middle of the level measuring rod 31 is passed through the through hole of the differential transformer 33 which is interposed and fixed to the mounting pieces 32, 32 fixed at the approximate center of the housing v2. C2. A stop piece 34 is screwed and fixed to one of the five weights 29 (left side in the drawing). It faces the mounting piece 32 so as to be able to come into contact with it, and can prevent unnecessary movement of the level measuring rod 31. The arithmetic output device *Q mounted at a suitable location on the central bogie frame M, for example, at the center of the reference rail 5 side, passes through the back side of the rectangular casing v3 twice as shown in FIG. 11.12 C2. Displacement detector T1. T, , T3 gauge displacement detector G,
High-speed displacement detector E11m Displacement detector H and sensor connection connector Q* to operate each of the cants
+'h Iqay Q4p qyp While setting qs and q7, install the power switch q, fuse q, and power connection connector qo, and the front side ζ2 is
Keyboard with 6 monitors, scaping pan, measurement selector switch S6. Printer recording paper 35. Mode indicator 36.
Data indicator 37 cassette 38. The cassette eject switch 39 for ejecting the cassette and the phytoswitch 4o for supplying printer recording paper are set, and the housing v
3 includes a constant voltage circuit, an A/D conversion circuit, a span adjustment circuit, a zero point adjustment circuit, an arithmetic circuit, a printing machine, a power supply (here, a storage battery 12), and a controller (none of which are shown).
and then when outputting the calculation. According to the ROMized program, the central processing computer (CP)
U), and prints the control results on the printer recorder 35, and also enables input to the cassette tape.
Measurement (double border, central underframe M and both jointed dolly frames F, ,
When ≦2 sets of F and are connected at a predetermined distance (for example, j m ) twice, the input value from each detector at that time is converted into a digital value by an A/D conversion circuit, and then At the same time, the values that can be output at that time (in this case, the height error, level error, and gauge on the reference rail 5 side) are printed on the printer recording paper 35 using a printer, and The amount of deviation in height, alignment, and flatness can be output after moving for example by 5 m or more, and a reinforcing plate 41 is set approximately at the center of the central bogie frame M to prevent the joint bogie frame FssFt from tipping over. In the figure, m indicates the center part of the central bogie frame M, and
The silicone oil c3 stored inside is a bearing. Since this invention has the above-mentioned configuration, upon measurement,
First, the opposite rail 4. On the reference rail 5, the front and rear f of the central bogie frame M are joined to the bogie frames F, , F, respectively. After joining and fixing with joint Lm J1* j*s j116 and fasteners and assembling them integrally, each displacement detector was attached after a proper preheating time. Check the zero point or adjust to zero point. Next, the opposite rail 4. At the start of running on the reference rail 5, the integration of pulses emitted from the sensor-equipped wheels 6 for measuring travel distance is started, and when the vehicle has traveled a predefined distance, for example, 1 m, the input value from each detector at that point is calculated. , A/
After being converted into a digital value by the D conversion circuit, it is stored and (
2. The values that can be output at that time (in this case, as described above, the height of the reference rail 5 side, the deviation of the running level, and the gauge) are printed on the printer recording paper 35 by a printing machine. In addition, after the amount of deviation of each of the high-quality and level deviations on the opposite rail 4 is equalized by 5 mm or more, C2 output is possible. The means and formula for calculating each measurement item will be described below. (1) When measuring the height deviation measurement standard rail 5 side, as shown in Figure 13,
2. Wheels W2 with an interval of 5 m in the longitudinal direction i.
W! When running while the height sensor S of the height displacement detector E is in contact with the top surface l of the reference rail 5 at the center between them, the unevenness of the top surface of the reference rail 5 is lower than the height sensor Ss. Since the wire itself moves up and down slightly, the wire 14 moves upward or downward from the position shown in FIG. 4 due to this movement. J-16
rotates in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction (Fig.
The pointer 15 also rotates in the same direction, but as long as no pulse is emitted from the sensor wheel 6 for measuring travel distance, the unevenness is not recorded on the printer recording paper 35 through the movement of the pointer. As mentioned above, when the distance is 1 m, a pulse is emitted and a numerical value is printed on the printer recording paper 35 based on the command C2 for measuring the unevenness of the reference rail 5. However, this value is the center Qm of the central bogie frame M between the top surface of the reference rail 5 and the vertical line thereof. The distance between them is 5 m, and the amount of height deviation Hn is taken as the distance between them. Also, the height of the opposite rail 4 may be incorrect (fit). is on the reference rail 5 side (calculated from the following calculation l2 using both of the two positions as a reference, i.e. +-) There are pine trees in the center of the three eccentric points of l+αljr, and the otsu part is the central part m. These are the standard values at C, 5 m ahead and behind C, respectively. . In this way, each time the palace travels 1 m, the height deviation amount H is printed on the printer record 4AJ35 (from 2), so the height deviation amount H on the reference rail 5 side and calculation (from 2, the height of the top surface on the opposite rail 4 side) is printed. It becomes possible to quantitatively measure the situation. (2) To measure the side of the measurement standard rail 5 for misalignment, as shown in Figure 14 1: 3 street sensors S arranged in parallel before and after 1. , are in contact with the inner surface of the reference rail 5 while traveling, each of the street sensors S1 detects whether the wire 14 is at the position shown in FIG. It moves upward or downward C2, but as mentioned above (
In the case of 1), a pulse is emitted at the time when the train moves to S2 by 1 m, making it possible to measure the amount of deviation of the reference rail 5 at three locations simultaneously. Therefore, the misalignment amount δ on the side of the reference rail 5 is expressed by the following equation. δ=β-11 2 -16- Upper and lower 1 No.K ep+I day Ill/II ノ;fy jk A61/
n-cr r-7 I-to L T5 FE -At r
a 1 Also, the amount of misalignment on the opposite rail 4 side, 5R,
1m, /In s f'n l + In+1
C) These are the gauges at each of the three locations 5 m apart, as described below. (3) Measurement of gauge deviation The inner surface C of the opposite rail 4 and the sensor S for two gauges are compared to the deviation amount β of the displacement detector T on the reference rail 5 side g2 and the opposite rail 411tl (m The deviation ρn at the center part m of the central bogie frame M can be obtained by the sum of the deviation value ρn at the center part m of the central bogie frame M. In addition, from the center part m0 of the central bogie frame M, the gauge 5 m ahead of the center part m0 of the central bogie frame M is obtained. The amount of deviation is ρn-1, the distance behind 5m is /
'! n-1-]. (4) Level deviation 17- xtJ 111 V-, A11ir# early 1/ -no L/ 5 t=y rr 6 Jjl I[l IJ'
The angular displacement detector H shown in Figs. 7.8 and 9.10 is installed in the center of the I"l-, and the wheels W, , W, and the wheels 1
At the point when the arm pieces 28, 28, which are pivotally connected to the support shafts 27, 27, are tilted to either side (the level connecting rod 31 moves to the left or right, The amount of movement is measured via the differential transformer 33, and the height difference between the rails on both sides is measured. (5) Measurement of flatness deviation The measurement results of the leveling deviation in (4) above are stored in memory. , 5
Calculate the difference between the leveling error and the leveling error that is m away, and let this be the amount of flatness error Z, then Z=%-'ft5 where l: yn, yn+s are the amount of leveling error at two points separated by 5mm. . (6) Conversion of deviation and pitch deviation into ioma As mentioned above, the measured values of deviation and pitch deviation are the values for two pairs of 5 m strings, but in general, they are the values for each of the deviations in one direction and the amount of deviation in pitch. is based on a 10m string, so from the relationship shown in Figure 16, ]Om (
Convert the value to the two and set it as l-. That is, A = An-1+
2An -4-An-1-1 Here g2A is the amount of misalignment and pitch misalignment for the 10m string, An-1, An, A
Each of n+1 is the amount of misalignment and the amount of pitch misalignment for a 5 m string at three points 5 m apart. According to this invention, the amount of height deviation on the opposite rail side is calculated from the husband on the reference rail side, and the amount of misalignment on the opposite rail side is calculated from the husband on the reference rail side and the amount of gauge deviation. Since it is possible to calculate each of the reference strings for calculation and the sensor, it is necessary to use a reference frame or standard for the rail when measuring the amount of misalignment and height misalignment of each rail on the radial side and the standard. Compared to the conventional measurement method in which a string is installed and measured separately, the number of parts in the measuring instrument that needs to be prepared can be greatly reduced compared to the conventional method, which simplifies the overall configuration. In addition to reducing weight and facility costs, it is possible to significantly reduce the effort and time required for adjustments, maintenance, etc.; However, with this invention C2, there is no need to contact the inner surface of the reference rail at the front and rear ends, and it is not necessary to contact the inner surface of the reference rail with the displacement detector as shown in the joint bogie frame (two pairs installed). Since the distance is measured, the amount of misalignment can be measured more precisely than conventional measuring means. Also, the three sensors of the track displacement detector do not come into contact with the inner surface of the rail during running. It also helps to reduce running resistance, and the three track displacement detectors are set on the base rail side of each bogie frame, while the gauge displacement detector is set on the opposite rail side. In addition, since the angular displacement detector and the calculation output device are each installed approximately in the middle of the central bogie frame, each measuring device is not concentrated in one place, and is in a branched state, so one inspection and cleaning is performed. In addition to being easy to replace, the overall uniformity can be maintained well, and the values measured by each measuring device are not only printed for each item, but also stored in a cassette with a memory circuit. After being stored in a component such as a tape, it can be taken out from a calculation output device, so it can be used as an input source for other data processing machines, and can be used to record, for example, points that exceed the tolerance range, evaluations at fixed distances, and deviations. It can be used in a wide variety of ways, such as outputting values and calculating corrections for deviations.In addition, it can be used in a variety of ways, such as outputting values and calculating deviations. In addition, it is possible to easily inspect the tracks at station yards, train yards, etc. in sections where there is a small amount of passage. Since it can be measured with a measuring frame of half the length, it is possible to expect a large reduction in the overall weight of the form 1. It has characteristics such as being able to significantly reduce
・.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings are one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a plan view of the main part of the whole, FIG. 2 is a top view of the top, and FIG.
Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view of the main part of the displacement detector for measuring the track, height, and gauge; Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along the line V-V in Figure 4;
Fig. 6 is a view taken along the line ■-■ in Fig. 4, Fig. 7 is a plan view of the angular displacement detector, Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the Vl -)'l organ in Fig. 7, and Fig. 9 is a 8-21- IX-IX cross-sectional view in Figure 1o is a partially enlarged sectional view taken along X-Xl in Figure 9, Figure 11 is a perspective view from the surface of the calculation output device, Figure 12 13 is an explanatory diagram when measuring the amount of height deviation on the reference rail side C2, FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram when measuring the amount of misalignment on the reference rail side, and FIG. The figure is a sectional view of the main part of the angular displacement detector attached to the central bogie frame. Fig. 16 is an explanatory diagram of the main part of how to convert the pitch deviation to a 0 m string. Fig. 17 is the procedure for converting the deviation amount. FIG. KU... Opposite rail 5... Base coated rail E... Height displacement detector G... Gauge displacement detector H... Angle Displacement detector TI *
T2 s "M... Street displacement detector F., F2... Joined bogie frame M... Central bogie frame Q... Calculation output device helmet,・・・・・・
Wheel of angular displacement detector Day C, 1982 Inventor Yoshihiko Sato Takahiko Mochinaga Yoshihisa Kaneko = 1r ~\N JP-A-Sho GO-233201 (7)

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A displacement detector and a height displacement detector are installed on the reference rail side, and a two-gauge displacement detector is installed on the opposite rail side, and a wheel that rolls on each of the reference rail and the opposite rail is installed approximately on the center rail. angular displacement detector, and a calculation output device equipped with an A/D conversion circuit, an adjustment circuit, a storage circuit calculation circuit, a printing machine, etc. for the measured value from each displacement detector f2 at appropriate locations ( 2. A track inspection device characterized by a jointed bogie frame of the same size each equipped with a displacement detector passing through the reference rail side and detachable from the front and back. (2) The respective street displacement detectors on the joint bogie frame side are set at equal distances from the street displacement detectors of the central bogie frame, and the height displacement detectors are set at the center C2 of the central bogie frame. Trajectory measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: