JPS6043460A - Hard alloy based on nickel - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based on a nickel-chromium-boron-silicon alloy.
7 and relates to hard alloys which exhibit particularly advantageous properties with respect to hardness and toughness.

Nickel-chromium-boron-silicon hard alloy
PrJW properties have been described in numerous publications, which reveal a large number of possible applications. Among these possible applications, abrasion-resistant single-coat coatings are of particular importance;
These coatings are obtained by thermal spraying or deposition-welding onto certain substrate materials.

A comprehensive review of the chemical composition of nickel-based hard alloys is available in rStahl-Ei 5en-B'uCher.
J, volume 20, Düsseltorf, 1975, pages 78 and 79 (Table 1) under the title "Hard alloys for protection against wear." Other parts of this document contain information on many possible applications.

Furthermore, German Published Application No. 3,018,007 describes a composite filler material in powder form, which contains, in addition to a nickel-chromium-boron-silicon alloy, tungsten, carbon and iron. In addition, two Kerro-Kroto-Boron-Silicon alloys are included. In known hard alloys, the carbon content and rJ are as low as possible, at most 1 to 1.
-% of t(z) is maintained.

Among the known nickel-chromium-boron-silicon alloys, #Gin 43.53.58 and 8 are listed in Table 1 of the above-mentioned literature.
The one marked 5 is of particular interest. Reference should be made to Table 2 below to characterize and describe these four types of alloys, and thereby the relationship between alloy composition and properties. The relationship between the properties and composition of this alloy class will now be described.

An increase in hardness (Roafranyl hardness 1iHRc and Vickers hardness HV 50) is characteristic of the alloys, and the hardness measurements were carried out on protective layers) made of these alloys.

It is clear that the hardness increases as the chromium, borosilicate, silicon, and carbon content areas increase. However, I! I! As the degree increases, the alloy begins to become increasingly brittle, and this effect manifests itself in various places, such as the presence of severe cracks in the shape of pyramids at the corners, which occur during the Pinkers measurement process, and these cracks can be observed under a microscope and are shown in Table 2. and the joint distance (for all four corners) noted in 3 as "Sum Crack Distance" or SCL. When relatively highly alloyed nickel-S alloys are used as anti-wear layers - especially when other hard material particles are embedded.
1 Its brittleness has an undesirable side effect, with the result that this type of implanted materials easily fractures when mechanical stress is applied, so that undesirably the "second coat" The operational life of the material being applied is shortened. The alloy with the lowest metalloid content of 41, ie the alloy of boron, silicon and carbon, does not show cracks, as is generally accepted, but its hardness is not sufficiently high.

1) When hard alloys of the type mentioned above are used as deposited materials for the production of anti-wear layers, for example by thermal spraying or precipitation-welding, - during or after the application of the coating by techniques involving heating. When applying heat, the coating breaks down due to different coefficients of thermal expansion.
Since many grades of steel are unsuitable or have only limited compatibility as substrate materials, and thus suffer from the above-mentioned drawbacks, all types of highly alloyed steels have been replaced by known brittle hard alloys. Examples of such materials are in particular valve steels, component steels and spring steels.

! - Hard alloys of the type described above are used in powder form in combination with other types of hard substances which are also in powder form to provide anti-friction properties.
Hard alloys that act as matrices for material particles have excellent toughness to withstand the stresses of an anti-wear surface coating as a result of impact, shock or vibration, and when subjected to friction-induced stresses in one direction. Sometimes an improvement is to combine embedded hard material particles.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to obtain mutually contradictory properties according to Table 2, namely high toughness and high hardness,
The objective is to improve the properties of nickel-based alloys so that they can have the following properties:

One of the hard alloys based on the nickel-chromium-boron-silicon alloy listed in Table 1 is 22 to 27,000♀-%
of chromium and 2.5 to 3.5% by weight of chromium carbide, preferably Cra C2, and/or carbon in the form of elemental carbon, with corresponding other constituents of known hard alloys. A solution to this problem is obtained when the wood quality is reduced by the same proportion in each case. The kneading is particularly applicable to the known nickels listed in Table 2. That is, rcolmonoy 4J (Wall ◆
In the case of the alloy known as Kolmonoy Company Alloys (Expression), a hardness value of HRC 60 or 880 HV50 is increased by adding chromium carbide of 40%, while at the same time a value of only 50 m, expressed in terms of total crack distance, is increased. The resulting alloy exhibits a high degree of toughness. This toughness is significantly higher than the rcolmonoy 8J alloy listed in Table 2, which has approximately the same hardness. rc
Also known as olmonoy 4J, tLtel%ruN
Addition of Cr3C2 to the i-Cr-B-3i alloy in the range 15-23% by weight of Cr3C2M3 with respect to the base alloy increases the hardness of the material while at the same time retaining the toughness of the hard alloy.

In particular, the composition of the hard alloy has the following concentration range: 22-27% chromium, 3-4% silicon.

2.5-3,5 l[j% carbon, 4-4.5Φ:
A bipedal property is obtained when it consists of 2.5% to 2.7% iron, 2.5-2.7% boron, and nickel.

suitable! - by adding chromium carbide, suitably Cr3C2, as an alloying additive to known hard alloys, such as those listed in Table 2, or by adding appropriate proportions of the individual components; By preparing a composition from chromium and elemental carbon, alloys of the type described below are obtained.

Furthermore, it has been found that carbides of metals belonging to subgroup 5 of the periodic table, mainly tantalum carbide, have the same effect as chromium carbide, Cr3C, on the properties of nickel-based hard alloys. has been done.

For example, to produce the hard alloy according to the invention, originally 13.5% chromium, 3% boron, 4.25% silicon, 0.75% carbon, 4.75% iron and the balance Known rcolmono containing Nino-ni-Nkeru
y 4J type alloy is melted in a vacuum induction furnace and 5, 10 or 20% carbides VC, as appropriate in each case.
NbC or T a C was added into the alloy melt. The structures consisting of the solidified melt were tested metallographically after casting, and the resulting material was subjected to hardness and toughness tests.

The results of these melting tests are summarized in Table 3.

The Ni-based alloy "rcolmonoy6" was used as a control material. As shown by the values in the table, when hard substances VC, NBC or TaC are added according to the present invention, the hardness (HV50 or HRC) is lower in the new alloys.
increases correspondingly, ・representing toughness [
In the case of crack distance, itJ, pLm, decreased significantly in the majority of cases and slightly in other cases (Experiment 4).

The relationship between the sharp increase in the total crack distance in Experiment 3 and the increase in VC content indicates that the addition of 20% VC to the alloy is already well above the optimum value.

According to the measured values obtained, tantalum carbide has an excellent effect in accordance with the present invention, which means that an almost complete effect can be obtained if it is present in a proportion corresponding to only 5% by weight of the alloy. It shows. Tantalum carbide has a very good effect in the sense of the present invention even when it is present in a proportion of 2% by weight and in particular in a proportion in the range from 25 to 30% by weight9. The addition of VC, NbC or TaC according to the invention is not limited to the known alloy Co1monoy 6, but to all known alloys based on the nickel-chromium-boron-silicon alloys listed in Table 1. Suitable for alloy molds. The hard alloys listed in Table 2 are of particular interest.

Of course the use of hard substances of the above type according to the invention"
- Not limited to the pure metal carbides mentioned above,
The reason is that solid solutions prepared with binary and monovalent mixtures of these carbides are also effective and advantageous. In addition to the carbides and mixtures thereof, the above-mentioned carbonitrides (
carboniprides) or [-4 solution phase homologues of these carbonitrites are also considered suitable in any proportion within the meaning of the present invention.

Of course, the application of the advantages of the new alloys according to the invention is not limited only to products produced by casting. Other forms in which these alloys can be used are alloy powders in pure form or in combination with other hard substances for thermal-spraying purposes or spray-welding purposes, precipitation-welding purposes, etc. It is.

In addition, the alloys are suitable for use in electrodes, rods, linear fillers or castings (flow mold) as well as in dead-mold applications.
) Suitable as a raw material for products such as PJ construction and molding-sintering.

O as anti-wear substances or as corrosion protection substances
There are so many possible uses, and rStahl-Eis
en-BiicherJI7) Volume 20, de. Reference may be made to the article entitled "Hard Chestnuts for the Protection of Violent Liver Disease" in J.D. Ssseldorf, 1975.

Particularly advantageous geometries when using the alloy according to the invention include, in wear-related technology, for substrate materials where, due to their different thermal expansion performance, the punch cannot be fitted with a very hard anti-wear layer. Alloy applications are included. In such cases, the alloy according to the invention, despite the high hardness of the precipitated layer, ensures good adhesion when heat is applied to the composite material, which is consistent with the hard alloy according to the state of the art. This does not occur in similar cases. The powder or linear wood-based alloy according to 1 is preferably applied by the thermal deposition-spraying (flame-spraying or plasma-spraying 1@) method to the coating material, after which it is subjected to e.g. grinding and grinding or other similar methods. The method is subjected to mechanical processing using common conventional techniques.

Another preferred form of use is rods, whose application to the substrate material is carried out by arc deposition-welding.

Instead of wires, hard alloy powders can also be used for thermal spraying in the form of so-called "coros" (powder strands coated with plastic film or metal foil). Furthermore, alloys can be used in the form of rods. It can also be used as a high temperature solder.

12 / 13/ 14/ 15/ 16/ 17 / 1.0 18 / 1.2 19/5. ’(+ 20 / 5.0 21, / 5.0 22 / 5.5 23 / 7.0 24 / 7.0 25/7.0 26 / 7.3 27 / 7゜5 28 7 7.5 3.4 1.35 <3.0 3, 5 1.9 0.4 4.0 3.3 4, 5 2.9 4, 5 3.0 0.0(i 2.5 L, 5 1.5 2, 5 1.3 0.25 3.0 1.0 3.5 025, U25 1.25 3.0 0.25 4.0 1.25 2.0 0.2 zo t, s t, a 4.0 2.5 3.0 4. s 2. Q3. .

O,14,53,23,06F O,63,62,,71,9 4,01,51,5 0,094,522,632+72 29 / 8. Q 30 / 9.0 31 / 9.0 32 90 33 / 34 / 9. s a 35 / 9.6 3fi / 9.9; U7 / 10.0 38 / 10.0 39 / 10.0 40 / 10.0 41 / 10.0 42 / 10.0 43 / 10.0 44 / 10.0 45 / 10,0 0.2 4.6 3.1 -3.3 0.3 3,25 1.8 3.25 0.3 3.5 2.5 3.6 0.45 3 .0 2.0 375 Alloy number 32+35% (WC+ 10 Co lO
,143,291,883,54 0,13,72,260,13 0,62+5 1.7 24 4,0 1.5 4.0 3,0 1.9 4.0 0,04 3.5 2. 0 0.5 0.3 A/n
O,152,52,5Z5 0.4 3.5 2.0 3.0 0.4 3.5 2.5 3.5 12 MerO,+5
2.23 202.5 0,')5 2.5 2. (115 0,64,53,2 46 / 10.5 47 / io, g 48 / 11.0 49 / 11.0 50 / 11.0 51 / 11.0 52 / 11.E 53 / 11.5 54 / 11.9 55 / 1'2.0 56 / 12.5 57 / 13.0 58 / 13.5 59 / 13.5 60 / 14. (+ 61 / 14.0 62 / 14.0 20 20 3 .0 0.1 3.2 2.0 1.5 3.2 204.0 4, 0 2.0 4.0 0.0? 4.26 Zn2 3.750.45 2.
25 2.5 225 o,sS3,25 2.5 3.75 16FO,65
3,752,54,25 0,383,542,153,: (8 o, 3 3.6 16 3.3 0,? 4.0 2.75 4.5 0.8 3.7 2.8 3 .25 121J'0.7
5 4.25 3.0 4.750.1 4.5 3.
5 4.5 0, 5 4.0 3.0 4.0 0.6 3.5 2,75 4.0 0.65 3.8 2.8 3.75 63 / 14.0 0.65 64 / 14.0 0.66 65 / 14.0 0.7 66 / 14.0 0.75 67 / 14.5 0.75 68 / 15.0 69 / 15.0 0.6 70 / 160 71 / 16. 0 72 /' 16. (10,4 73 / 16.0 0.5 74 / 16.0 0.7 75 / 16.5 09 76 / 17.0 0.28 77 / Alloy number 3.75 2,75 3.75 4.25 3,15 4.5 4.5 3.5 4.5 4.0 3.25 4.0 114°5354°5 4,5 3.0 4.5 4,2 3. Oa 7 4,5 3. 6 4.0 4, 5 3.5 4.0 2.5Cu 4.0 4.OZ5 3mo 3crt4, 3 3.0
3.9 4.25 3,25 3.75 4.25 3,75 0.3. Grid t 76+50% tFC 78/ 17.0 0.28 78 / Alloy number 80 / 17.0 0.95 81 / Alloy number 82 / Alloy number 83 / 17.0 1.0 84 / 17. OL, 0 35 / 26.0 0.05 86 / 20.0 Z35 4.25 3.75 13A/.

0.3Afn 78+50% WC 3,93,32,0 80+15% IWC+10Co 1 80+50% (11'C+10Co)4,0 3.5
4.0 4,5 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.5 1.0 0・6 1 0C.

5F Human Ennickel Fishite nod nod Ω sexual moon composition Co1I11.4 Co1a, 5 Co1m; 6
Co1m, 8 Invention (43) years old (53) (5
8) Tree (85) *XN i IN', Jr! : 9
k '6- Remaining amount Remaining amount 85-70Er 10 11
．． 5 13.5 28.022-27 death 2.0 2.
5 3.0 3.5 Approximately 2.5$Si 2.25 3.
75 4.25 4.0 3-4E O,450,+3
5 0.75 0. E15 2.5-3.5%Fe2
．． 5' 4,25 4.75 1.0 4-4.5 Hardness comparison (1) i measurement) HRC3044535560 HV50 Bo 535 625 690 880SC
L, 0 23 255 344 50 + Crack distance # as a measurement of toughness (specific measurement) Total of 1 color m Number indicating the alloy in needle insertion 1] Period 11'', of the elements of subgroup 5 of the table Experiments on the properties of nickel-based hard alloys of the CBt type with various carbides added (A).
HRC oce old type 625 53 255 No additives 1 G8N! 698 55 81 + 5%VC 2C8 type 779 58 1B2 + 1 (1%Vll: 3 C6 type 889 80 371 + 20%VC 4CB type 77855215 + 5%Nb1l: 5 0B type 818. 58 122 + 10XNbC 6 013 type 878 58 133 + 20XNbC 7C1 (type 770 5B 70 + 5$TaC 8CB type 802 5? 74 + IO%Tac 9 CB type 797.58 71 + 20%TaC j 13.5% chromium, 3% boron, 4. Contains 25% silicon, 0.75% carbon, 4.75% iron and the balance nickel') As shown in Table 3, carbides of the elements vanadium, niobium and/or tantalum are added to known hard alloys in order to obtain good results in terms of hardness and toughness.
It can be added in amounts of 10 or 20% by weight, and in the case of tantalum carbide the proportion may be less than 5% by weight or more than 20% by weight. On the other hand, 20% by weight vanadium carbide gives a relatively long crack distance coalescence 1, which is why according to the present invention less than 20% vanadium carbide.

When carbides of the above-mentioned elemental classes are added, the other constituents constituting the known hard alloys are correspondingly reduced in each case by the same proportion, so that one company, for example 10% by weight,
When the addition of tantalum 9 carbide is added, the total of the components of the known hard alloy is 90% by weight.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Nickel-chromium, which has particularly advantageous properties with respect to hardness and toughness and contains carbides of the elements vanadium, niobium, tantalum and/or chromium.
A hard alloy made of borosilicate and silica. 2.22-27% by weight of chromium, 2.5-2.7% by weight of borage, 3-4% by weight of silicon. 4- 4.5 tons 1i1-% iron.?, 5 to 3.5 cells I-:% carbon, and 1 (5 to
1. The hard alloy according to claim 1, wherein the hard alloy contains 1. 3. The carbon is chromium carbide, preferably Cra c2. and/or in the form of elemental carbon. 4. Contains carbides of vanadium, niobium and/or tantalum elements in a range of 5 to 20% with respect to the basic alloy, and the other components constituting the hard alloy correspond to this. The hard alloy according to claim 1, wherein the wood quality is reduced by the same proportion in each case. 5. Carbides of henadium, niobium and/or tantalum elements, 10-15 tons 1t-% chromium, 2-3 tons % hoho, 2-5 tons, 1% silicon, 0 .4 to o, s=B;-% carbon, 2 to 5% iron, and the remaining counterfeit nickel to an alloy containing in the range 5 to 20% carbon with respect to the base alloy. The hard alloy according to claim 4, which is added in the amount of carbide added.6.2 to 30% by weight of tantalum carbide.
Hard alloy according to claims 4 and 5.゛7. Claims t+54~, in which carbides are added individually or as a mixture of two or three carbides
Hard alloy according to item 6. 8.1- Hard alloy according to claims 4 to 6, in which the carbonyl I-rides of the elements listed above are added individually or as a mixture.