JPS60491A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that generates musical tones with a vibrato effect, rebeat effect, etc. by appropriately modulating the pitch, amplitude, or timbre of the generated musical tones. 0 [Prior Art] Conventionally, when forming a musical tone corresponding to the pitch of a pressed note on a performance keyboard, a stored program arithmetic unit, a so-called microcomputer, is used to detect the suppressed state of the key. At the same time, it also detects the setting state of the modulation effect rate controller that sets modulation effects such as vibrato effects,
By feeding this detection result to a tone generator, the tone generator generates a tone corresponding to the pitch of the pressed key, and further modulates the pitch, amplitude, or timbre of this tone. There is an electronic musical instrument that generates a musical tone with a vibrato effect, a rebeat effect, etc. by modulating it with a low frequency modulation waveform signal set by a child.

However, in this conventional electronic musical instrument, the musical tone forming circuit uses wired logic to control the frequency and amplitude of the modulation waveform signal generated from the modulation low frequency oscillator according to the setting state of the modulation effect controller, and furthermore, this control The musical tone signal corresponding to the pitch of the pressed key is modulated by the modulated waveform signal. For this reason, the configuration becomes complicated, and if it becomes necessary to change the content of the modulation effect, the circuit board itself must be replaced, resulting in a lack of flexibility.

OBJECT AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a highly flexible method for changing the content of the modulation effect, and to provide a modulation effect such as a vibrato effect with a simple configuration. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a single-player musical instrument capable of generating musical tones that change over time in accordance with the setting state of a modulation effect controller through arithmetic processing by a microcomputer. Modulation waveform data is calculated, and the calculated modulation waveform data is transferred to a tone forming circuit by using a dedicated storage means.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention. In the same figure, 10 is a ROM (read-only memory) 11 according to a program stored in advance to perform various calculations and data transfer processes such as detecting the key press state of the PL box for performance and calculating modulation waveform data for practical use of modulation effects. An arithmetic processing unit (CPU) that executes
U10 (7) 7 dress bus and data node have RO
In addition to M11, RAM for temporarily storing calculation data
(Random Access Memory') 12, a keyboard circuit 13 having a key switch corresponding to the -6 key of a performance keyboard (not shown). A control switch circuit 14 equipped with an operator for setting a modulation effect such as a vibrato effect is connected in parallel.

In this case, the control switch circuit 14 has the modulation depth (DEPTH) of the vibrato effect as shown in FIG.
, modulation speed (SPEED), delay time (DELAY) of Tilley vibrato effect, and vibrato effect practical operators 140 to 142 for setting each data, respectively, and modulation depth of repeat effect (a type of amplitude modulation effect). DEPTH)
, and modulation controls 143 and 144 for setting each data of modulation speed (SPEED), respectively, and a modulation unit for selecting one of nine sine waves, a trapezoidal wave, a square wave, and a downward-sloping sawtooth wave as the modulation waveform of the repeat effect. A waveform selection operator 145 and a timbre selection operator group 146 consisting of a plurality of operators each selecting the tone of musical tones such as violin and flute are provided.

On the other hand, the f-1' bus VC of the CPU 10 is
Repeat effect practical amplitude modulation waveform data LM calculated by
A level data output register 15 that temporarily stores D, and a level data output register 15 that temporarily stores C.
A pitch data output register 16 that temporarily stores pitch modulation waveform data PMD for vibrato effect calculated by the PU 10 is connected. In this case, CPU 10
The amplitude modulated waveform data LMD sent to the data bus decodes the device address data of the level data output register 15 sent to the address bus in synchronization with this data LMD. The level data output register 15 is busy written by the decoded signal DEC, which is F-decoded in 17. Similarly, the pitch modulated waveform data PMD sent to the data bus of the CPU 10 is generated by the decode signal D EC2 obtained by decoding the device address data of the pitch data output register 16 sent to the address bus in synchronization with the data PMD by the decoder 18. In addition, the data bus of the CPU 10 receives n time-division sound channels CkIx through an interface circuit 19.
A shift register 20 having a memory position corresponding to each CHn is connected, and a shift register 20 is connected to the key code KC assigned to each sound generation channel based on the detection of the pressed key and the sound generation assignment processing, and the key code KC assigned to each sound generation channel based on the detection of the pressed key and the sound generation assignment processing, and the release from the start of the pressing of the key. KON is the key-on signal for controlling sound production that maintains a predetermined level until
A set of data consisting of the key code KC and the key-on signal KON is stored in each storage location by being transferred from the data bus of the CPU 10 via the interface circuit 19. Note that each of the n time-division sound generation channels CH1 to CHn is determined by one cycle time of the clock pulse φ generated from the clock oscillator 21, and all sound generation channels CLI + -CHn
It is structured so that it goes around once. Along with this, the shift register 20 also changes the tone generation channel C)(+
It has n memory locations corresponding to ~CHn, and each memory location has musical tone channels CHk(k
The key codes KC and key-on signals KON of the keys assigned to keys (=1 to n) are stored, and the stored contents are sequentially shifted toward the output side storage position every time a clock pulse φ occurs, so that the Split sound channel CH+
=CHn is configured to be sequentially output from the output side storage location in synchronization with the time division timing (channel timing). In this case, the assignment of the pressed key to the sound generation channel is performed by the CPU 10 through the sound generation assignment process, and when the CPU 10 determines the sound generation channel that will produce the musical tone corresponding to the pressed key through the sound generation assignment process, the CPU 10 assigns the pressed key to the sound generation channel. Key code K corresponding to the key
A channel number CHk (k=1 to n) indicating an assigned channel number is sent to the data node together with C and a key-on signal KON. Then, the key code KC and the key-on signal KON are transferred to the input side storage location of the shift register 20 in synchronization with the channel time corresponding to the channel number CHk by the channel synchronization function of the interface circuit 190, and are stored in the shift register 20.

Therefore, the interface circuit 19 having such a channel synchronization function is configured as shown in FIG. 3, for example. That is, register 1 stores channel number CHk, key code KC, and key-on signal KON.
90. A channel counter 191 that counts clock pulses φ and outputs a channel number signal CHI (i=l to n). A comparator 192 compares the channel number (J(k) of the stored contents of the register 190 with the channel number signal CHi output from the channel counter 191, and when CHk=CHi, the comparator 19
When the match signal EQ (electronic 1" signal) is output from the shift register 2, the key code KC and the key-on signal KON are selected from the contents stored in the register 190, and the shift register 2 of FIG.
0, and further includes a selector 193 that supplies the CPU 1
The device address data of the register 190 sent from the G address bus is decoded, and the lever 148
It has a decoder 194 that stores in a register 190 a channel number CHk, a key code KC, and a key-on signal KON sent from the data bus by the number DEC3.

Therefore, when channel number CHk, key code KC, and key-on signal KON are newly stored in the register 190 in accordance with the sound generation assignment of a new pressed key, channel number CHk and channel number signal CH4 are are compared, and when they match, the key code KC and key-on signal KON of the contents stored in the register 190 are selected from the selector 193 in synchronization with the channel timing of the channel indicated by the channel number CHk by the match signal EQ. The signal is output, transferred to the input side storage location of the shift register 20, and stored. Note that at the timing when the coincidence signal EQ of Q1 is not generated, the selector 193 selects the key code KC and the key-on signal KON outputted from the output side storage position of the shift register 20 and sends them to the input side storage position of the shift register 20. Return and rememorize. Also, when the outside of suppression is released, the channel number CHk and key code KC
At the same time, the key-on signal KON of 'XO' is sent to the register 190.
is transferred to and stored. Therefore, the key-on signal KON of tt□tt is stored together with the key code KC in the storage location of the shift register 20 corresponding to the channel number CHkK at this time9, and the sound generation of musical tones is stopped. As a result, the shift register 20 has a key code KC and a key code I corresponding to the currently pressed key.
(The key-on signal KON of II, which corresponds to C and instructs the production of a musical tone, is always stored.

On the other hand, an interface circuit 22 and a shift register 23 having exactly the same configuration as the ink face circuit 19 and shift register 20 are connected to the CPUNI data bus. This interface circuit 22 and shift register 23, for example,
This is provided to control each of the 16 sound generation channels according to the pressed envelope (pitch), and is provided to control each of the 16 sound generation channels in accordance with the pressed tone range (pitch). Tone parameter data TCPk corresponding to the range of the assigned pressed key Envelope data ENVD for forming envelope waveform signals
k is the channel number/(CHk) for each sound channel.
When the data bus of the CPU 10 is also sent out, these data, JTCPk and ENVDk are (7p 7
:t.

By the channel synchronization function of the bus circuit 22, the signals are stored in storage positions corresponding to the respective sound generation channels CHz to CHn of the shift register 23.

Note that envelope data ENVDk and tone parameter data TCPk are stored in advance in the ROM 41 in correspondence with various tones and tone ranges, and are assigned to the tone selected by the tone selection operator group 146 and each sound generation channel. Predetermined parameter data is read out corresponding to the range of the pressed key.0 Key code KC and key-on signal KOH outputted from the shift 1/register 20 in synchronization with the channel timing corresponding to each sound generation channel. Key code K
C is a frequency number/(0) which is supplied to the phase data generation circuit 24 consisting of a frequency number 24Q, an adder 241 and an accumulator 242.The key-on signal KON is the amplitude of each sound channel: r-nheno-' j waveform signal ENV
Envelope waveform generator (ENV-G) 2 that generates k
5. Furthermore, the channel timing e corresponding to each sound generation channel is determined from the shift register 23.
ζ The envelope data ENVDf and the timbre parameter data TCPk that are output in synchronization are supplied to the envelope waveform '< generator 25, and the latter timbre parameter data T CP k is supplied to the tone generator 26 with Q phase. The data generation circuit 24 generates phase data QF (q-1, 2, 3, etc.) that indicates the phase of the sample point amplitude value of the musical waveform to be generated in the tone generator 26. When the key code KC corresponding to the press r is given as the address 1@ number, the frequency number r' corresponding to the key code KC is generated from the frequency number memory 240. Then, this frequency number F is given to an accumulator 242 via an adder 241 and is repeatedly accumulated for each sound generation channel, thereby forming an accumulated value qF of the repetition period corresponding to the pitch of the pressed key. , the cumulative value qF is output as phase data. in this case,
Pitch modulation waveform data PMD output from the pitch data output register 16 is supplied to one input of the adder 241, and the frequency number F output from the frequency number memory 240 is based on this pitch modulation waveform data PMD.
The modulated signal is modulated by the addition of the signal and is supplied to the accumulator 242.

As a result, the accumulator 242IF- performs accumulation based on the sum rF+PMDJK of the frequency number F and the pitch modulated waveform data PMD.

Note that the accumulation operation in the accumulator 242 is performed for each channel corresponding to each time-division sound generation channel.

On the other hand, the envelope waveform generator 25 generates an amplitude envelope waveform signal ENVk for setting the amplitude for each channel of the musical tone signal of each sound generation channel.
Envelope data ENVDk for each channel is generated by providing a key-on signal KON for each channel.
Envelope waveform signal EN for each channel based on
Start generating Vk.

The tone generator 26 sequentially forms sample point amplitude values of the musical sound waveform in a time-division manner for each sound generation channel according to the phase data qrF+PMDj output from the phase data generation circuit 24, and converts the formed sample point amplitude values into instantaneous values of the musical tone signal. It is output as an amplitude value Gk(1). In this case, the timbre (waveform shape) of the musical waveform formed by the tone generator 26 is set for each sound generation channel by the timbre parameter data TCPk given from the shift register 23.

The instantaneous amplitude value Gk(t) of the musical tone signal of each sound generation channel output from the tone generator 26 is calculated by the multiplier 2.
7, where the envelope waveform generator 2
The amplitude is set by being multiplied by the envelope waveform signal ENVk for each sound generation channel outputted from the level data output register 15, and the amplitude is modulated by being multiplied by the amplitude modulation waveform data LMD outputted from the level data output register 15. be done. The musical tone signal a k(t) for each sound generation channel that has undergone this amplitude modulation is generated by the sound system 28.
After being converted into an analog musical tone signal, it is pronounced as a musical tone.

By the way, the ROM 11 contains pitch modulation waveform data PM.
In order to generate the D and vR width modulation waveform data LMD by arithmetic processing, five waveform tables WTt to WT6 are provided as shown in the memory map of FIG. Sample point amplitude values of the modulated waveform are stored. Further, the waveform tables WT2 to WTs each store sample point amplitude values of amplitude modulation waveforms of two trapezoidal sine waves, square waves, and sawtooth waves for practical use in the repeat effect. Similarly, pitch modulation waveform data PMD and amplitude modulation waveform data L
In order to generate MD by arithmetic processing, the RAM 12 uses its memory area to store a modulated wave phase data register REG1 for pitch modulation and a speed data register R.
EGp-tilt data register REGs and depth data register REG4 are provided, as well as modulated wave phase data register REGs for amplitude modulation, speed data register REGs, and depth delta register RE.
G7, a waveform selection data register REGS is provided.

Next, Figure 6~ shows the operation of the electronic musical instrument configured as described above.
This will be explained based on the flowchart shown in FIG.

First, when the power is turned on, the CPU 10 repeatedly executes the blunt scanning process to the amplitude modulation waveform data transfer process shown in steps 1000 to 1009 in FIG.
In the conical scanning process of 00o, the operating states of the key switches in the keyboard circuit 13 are detected by sequential scanning. As a result of this sequential scanning, if it is detected that there is a change in the operating state of the key switch, the process proceeds to step 1002 via step 1001'jc, where a sound generation assignment process is executed. That is, if the cause of the change in the operating state of the key switch is due to a new key suppression operation, the pressed key is assigned to one of the blank channels to which no sound generation has been assigned yet among the 11 sound generation channels, Channel number CHk indicating this assigned channel λ
together with the key codes KC and 11 corresponding to this pressed key.
〃 key-on signal KON is sent to the data bus. At the same time, device address data in register 190 in interface circuit 19 is sent out from the address bus.

As a result of this, the key code KC of the newly pressed key and the key-on signal KON are stored in the storage position corresponding to the channel number CHk in the shift register 20 via the interface circuit 19. However, if the change in the operating state of the key switch is due to the key release operation,
The CPU 10 receives the channel number indicating the channel to which this release key has been assigned and the key code K other than the release key.
Along with C, a key-on signal KON of ゝゝo〃 for stopping sound generation is sent to the data bus, and at the same time, the device address data of the register 190 in the interface circuit 19 is sent from the address bus. Then, the key-on signal KON of the key code KC of the release key 10 is given to the shift register 20 via the interface circuit 19.

As a result, the key-on signal KON of 11'' is switched to the key-on signal KON of 0 in the storage position of the shift register 20 corresponding to the sound generation channel to which the release key has been assigned 7'.

After the CPo 10 assigns the sound to the new pressed key and cancels the assignment of the sound to the new released key in this way, the CPo 10 detects the state of each operator in the control switch circuit 14 by sequentially scanning in step 10o3. In this case, 4! The registers REG2 to REG4 and REG6 to REG in the RAM 12 shown in FIG.
4. Write each predetermined data in s. The sound is loud.

Next, the process moves to step 1005, where a predetermined timbre parameter TCPk and envelope data ENVDk are set corresponding to the timbre selected by the timbre selection operator group 146 and corresponding to the range of the pressed key assigned to each sound generation channel. The data is read from the KROM 11 for each sound generation channel, sent to the data bus, and stored in each storage location of the shift register 23 via the interface circuit 22.

Next, in step 100G&, the CPU 10 calculates pitch modulation waveform data PMD for obtaining a vibrato effect. That is, as shown in a detailed flowchart in FIG.
D and is set by the operator 141, and the register RE
7 with the speed data SPD stored in G2.
JI] ZT, and register this added value r'PHD+5PDJ as new modulated wave phase data PHD.
Re-memorize to t.

Next, in step 1101, the amplitude value PMW (PHD) of the pitch modulation waveform at the phase corresponding to this new modulated wave phase data PHD is read from the waveform table WT 1 using this new modulated wave phase data PHD, and then in the next step 1102 Delay data DLSD of the delayed vibrato effect set by the operator 142 and stored in the register REG3; and data t indicating the elapse of time after the first key is pressed from the state in which no keys are pressed. , and calculates the flash data DLD according to the elapsed time after the first key is pressed. That is, in step 1102, the CPU 10 sequentially changes the value as time elapses after the first key is pressed, as shown in FIG. Delay data DLDf for delayed vibrato effect controlled by set delay data DLSD: Calculate.

Next, in step 1103, the CPU 10
The depth data DEPSD set in step 40 and stored in the register REGa and the previous step 110
The delay data DLD calculated in step 2 is multiplied by the 91st delay data DLD.
As shown in %1(b), the depth data T) FP that changes over time is calculated, and then the next step 110
4, this depth data DEP and the previous step 11
Sample point amplitude value PM of pitch modulation waveform calculated in 01
W(PJID) and the multiplied value PMW(PHD
).DEP is sent out from the data bus as pitch modulation waveform data PMD in step 1007 in FIG. 6, and stored in the pitch data output register 16.

Next, in step 1008, the CPU 10 calculates amplitude modulation waveform data LMD for obtaining the rebeat effect. That is, as shown in the detailed flowchart in FIG. 8, first in step 1110, the current value PHD of the modulated wave phase data register REGs and the operator
44 and the speed data SPD stored in the register REG6, and this added value [
PHD+5PDJ is stored again in the register REGS as new modulated wave phase data PHD for practical use of the rebeat effect. Next, in step 1111, amplitude modulation at the phase corresponding to this data PHD is performed from the waveform tape 2 (one of WT2 to WTs) storing the waveform specified by the new modulated wave phase data PHDK operator 9 operator 145. The sample point amplitude value LMW (PHD) of the waveform is read out, and in the next step 1112, it is set with the operator 143 and is stored in the register RF:G, depth data DEPSD for repeat effect use, and in the previous step 1112. The amplitude modulated waveform data LMD is calculated by multiplying the calculated sample point amplitude value LMW (PHD) of the amplitude modulated waveform. After this, step 1009 in FIG.
This amplitude modulation waveform data/LMD wotefi
/' Send scalar, output level data and store in sister 15.

The CPU 10 generates pitch modulation waveform data PM as described above.
D-processed amplitude modulation waveform data LMD (D calculation process is performed in the sixth
The process shown in 74-chart in the figure is executed every time the process goes around.

Therefore, each time the process shown in FIG. ), LMW(
PHD) is specified.

As a result, pitch modulated waveform data PMD and amplitude modulated waveform data LMD whose values change over time corresponding to the pitch modulated waveform and the amplitude modulated waveform, respectively, are obtained. In this case, the rate of change of the pitch modulated waveform data I)MD and the amplitude modulated waveform data LMD increases in proportion to the magnitude of the speed data SPD. Therefore, speedday pS
If PD is set to a large value, pitch modulated waveform data PMD and amplitude variable waveform data LMD with a short repetition period can be obtained.

Pitch modulation waveform data PMD obtained as above
is supplied to the adder 241 of the phase data generation circuit 24. Further, the amplitude modulation data LMD is supplied to the multiplier 2T. As a result, the frequency number F corresponding to the pitch of the pressed key output from the frequency number memory 240 is modulated by being added to the pitch modulation waveform data PMD, and the pitch is output from the tone generator 26 as the pitch modulation waveform data PMD. A musical tone signal Gk(t) corresponding to the pitch of the pressed key is generated, which is modulated according to the time change of . The musical tone signal Gk(t) is then amplitude-modulated by being multiplied by the amplitude-modulated waveform data LMD in the multiplier 27. By this nK, sound system 28
From then on, the pitch changes according to the time change of the pitch modulation waveform data PMD, and the amplitude changes according to the time change of the pitch modulation waveform data LMD.
A musical tone that changes according to the time change of is produced. That is, musical tones with vibrato effects and rebeat effects are produced.

Note that the period in which the processing shown in Fig. 6 completes one cycle is slightly different depending on whether or not there is a change in the key operation state, so the change in the modulated wave phase data PHD for the vibrato effect and repeat effect may vary. The speed also changes slightly as a result of this cycle period variation. Therefore, if it is necessary to control the speed of pitch modulation and amplitude modulation with high precision, it is sufficient to add timer processing to always keep the cycle of the process shown in FIG. 6 constant. Furthermore, if it is not necessary to set envelope data and tone parameter data for each sound generation channel, it is sufficient to simply provide a register for storing envelope data and tone parameter data common to all channels in place of the interface circuit 22 and shift register 23. .

In addition, in the embodiment described above, modulation waveform data (P
Although the case where the pitch amplitude of a musical tone is modulated by MD, LMD) has been described, the present invention is not limited to this, and the timbre, etc. of a musical tone may be modulated. ] As explained above, the present invention calculates modulation waveform data that changes over time in accordance with the setting state of the sweeper for modulation effect through the arithmetic processing of a microcomputer, and uses the calculated modulation waveform data. The data is transferred to the musical tone forming circuit via a dedicated storage means. Therefore, musical tones with several modulation effects such as vibrato effects can be generated with a simple arrangement, and the content of the modulation effects can be easily changed.

In particular, since modulation waveform data does not originally need to be generated at such a fast cycle, if applied to a compound instrument that generates instruments related to multiple pressed keys at the same time, common hardware and software can be used for each sound. , has the excellent effect of greatly simplifying its configuration.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the control switch circuit in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an interface circuit in FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is a memory map showing the configuration of the ROM in FIG. 1, and FIG.
The figure is a memory map showing the configuration of the RAM in Figure 1.
6 to 8 are flowcharts showing the processing contents of the CPU in FIG. 1, and FIG. 9 is a graph showing how delay data and depth data change over time. 10...CPU, 11...轡ROM, 12...
・・RAM, 13・φ・@6 board circuit, 14φ・・Control switch circuit, 15・・Level data output register, 16・・Pitch data output register, 2
4... Phase data regeneration L26-... tone generator, 27... multiplier. Patent applicant: Nippon Musical Instruments Co., Ltd. Agent Masaki Yamakawa (and one other person)

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] An 8-board for performance, an operator for setting modulation effects, a program memory in which a key state detection processing program and an operator state detection program are stored in advance, a stored quadrogram type arithmetic processing device that detects a pressed key on a keyboard and outputs key information corresponding to the pressed key, and detects modulation data set by the operator according to the operator state detection processing program; , forming a musical tone with a pitch corresponding to the key information based on the key information and the previous N1 modulation data;
The electronic musical instrument further comprises musical tone forming means for generating a musical tone with a modulation effect by modulating any one of various musical tone elements such as υ pitch and amplitude using the modulation data, the program memory An arithmetic program for calculating modulated waveform data is additionally stored in the arithmetic processing unit, and the arithmetic processing unit calculates modulated waveform data that changes over time in accordance with the modulated data, and the calculated modulation The electronic musical instrument is provided with a dedicated storage means for storing waveform data, and the musical tone forming means is configured to modulate musical tone elements using the modulation waveform data stored in the dedicated storage means.