JPS606421B2 - Construction equipment such as caissons - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a construction device for a caisson and the like used for manufacturing and launching a floating body such as a caisson. Due to the recent increase in the size of newly developed ports, deterioration of location conditions, and promotion of tsunami breakwaters, it is inevitable that concrete caissons for breakwaters, which are used in deeper waters and under adverse sea conditions, will become larger. However, the conventional caisson manufacturing and launching methods are as follows: (1) ramp (yard) method, (D) dry dock method, (
There are (m) floating dock type and (W) hoisting method, but both have technical, cost, or land-related problems and are at an impasse. (1) Slope type: This method , as shown in Figure 1, small,
A caisson A is made on a land-based box making stand using a general device for medium-sized (1000 to 2000 ton class) vessels, and then transported horizontally along a horizontal pullway C using a cradle B, and then transported to a launching cart on a ramp (launching path) I. In this system, the bogie h' is loaded and launched in the direction of arrow k while being braked by a launching winch e. In the figure, d is the pulling winch, f is the launching cart stopper, and g
is a jack truck and j is a cradle pulling winch.
However, in the case of small caissons, this method is relatively inexpensive and has been widely used when land can be easily secured on land, but when the caisson becomes large or the stagnant water becomes deep, it is often used underwater. The construction of ramps is technically difficult; there is also the need for land reclamation work when land cannot be secured, and the increased weight of the caisson may cause ground subsidence (especially underwater), leading to the risk of accidents. There are problems such as a significant cost increase due to the length of the slope. ■) Dry dock type: This method uses a dock on land that is the same as a ship construction dock, as shown in Figure 2. In this method, one or more caissons A are simultaneously made into boxes using a jib crane M, etc., but when making multiple caissons at the same time, it can also be launched. At the same time, efficiency is lower than that of the ramp type (ear), land is required on land, the dock becomes deeper as the caisson becomes larger and the stagnant water becomes deeper, and high technology is required to waterproof spring water, and the launch For later towing, there are problems such as the need for a passageway suitable for the water intake, and the cost increases significantly. (m) Floating dock type: This method also has problems. It is the same as a floating dock for ship construction, and is used to build a caisson inside dock P using a jib crane q, etc., then sink dock P and launch it. does not require land for
There are advantages such as being able to move around and transfer, but because the dock is filled with water at the time of launch, it requires relatively advanced technology to balance the charging and draining process. However, for those that manufacture several boxes, the entire weight of the caisson is supported by the buoyancy of the dock itself, which means that the dock becomes larger.Since they are launched at the same time, the efficiency is slightly reduced, similar to the dry dock type (D). There are problems such as poor work efficiency because it is done at sea, and the manufacturing cost is the highest among the four methods (1) to (W) listed above. (N) Hoisting method using a hoist ship (Illustration omitted); This method is the simplest, and involves building a caisson out of a rock wall and suspending it from a hoist and launching it into the water. After the caisson is moved to the quay, it is lifted by a hoist and launched into the water. However, this method requires land on land, the weight of the caisson is limited by the hoisting capacity of the hoist, and the maintenance required for hoisting the caisson. There are problems such as the odor becomes quite large and the caisson lifting capacity is reduced by the weight of the jig, and a hanging device is also required on the L caisson side, making the structure of the caisson itself complicated. The purpose is to provide a construction device such as a caisson that can solve the problems of the conventional methods (military) to (W) mentioned above, and has the necessary buoyancy and is similar to a caisson etc. a water ballast tank that is provided on the purge and the nuclear purge and has a space on its upper surface in which a part of a floating body can be fabricated, and is used to reduce the bending moment that acts due to the hanging load applied to the hanging device and the buoyancy force acting on the purge; A floating launching platform which has a space on the upper surface in which a floating body can be manufactured and completed and is placed adjacent to the purge, and a frame provided on the purge as its superstructure; A lifting device for suspending and supporting the water platform so that it can be raised and lowered, and a transfer device that includes a cart on which a part of the floating body is placed, and that allows the part of the floating body to be moved from the purge to the launching platform by a rigging vehicle. and a launch platform stopper device installed near the transfer device to prevent a step from forming between the purge and the launch platform due to the elongation of the suspension device. This invention relates to a construction device for a caisson, etc., which is characterized by being capable of launching a floating body.In the present invention, a "floating body such as a caisson" refers to not only a caisson (concrete caisson), but also a caisson (concrete caisson). It also includes all other floating bodies, such as ships, elements of purge tunnels, steel caisson dolphins, etc., and the apparatus of the present invention is used only for the construction, launching, or launching of such floating bodies. Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 shows the principle of a construction device for manufacturing and launching a floating body, such as a caisson. This construction device floating on the water surface is connected to the A purge 3 and B purge 3' (or only one of A and B purges may be used) and the "A, B purge 3, 3'" having the required buoyancy. The launching platform 2 is arranged adjacent to the purge and has the required floating force by pouring ballast water, and the "A, B purge 3,
The launching platform 2 is attached to the rack 4' (in the same figure, the racks 4 and 4' appear to overlap) and the racks 4 and 4' are installed as a superstructure on the rack 3'. It consists of a suspension device 5 that is suspended and supported so that it can be raised and lowered, and a caisson transfer device (not shown in FIG. 4) provided on the purges 3, 3' and the launching platform 2. After making a part of it (see Figure 4 A), it is transferred to the
Move it from above Purge 3 to above Launch Platform 2 (see Figure 4 entrance)
"On the launching platform 2, while launching other parts of the caisson in sequence, the launching platform 2 is lowered (sinking) by the suspension device 6 and the injection of ballast water, and in parallel, the A part of the caisson 1' to be fabricated in (having the required buoyancy) is floated from the launching platform 2, pulled out by a towing boat, etc., and launched into the water (see Fig. 4, 2). It is used as a storage place for materials, etc. Figures 5 to 9 show an embodiment that is based on the principle described above.As shown in Figure 5, the A and B purges 39 3' is on both sides (
In the caisson drawing direction P (front and rear sides) shown in Fig. 6 (
A purge 3 is the left side purge (B purge 3' is the right side purge), and these are firmly connected by the front side frame 4 and the rear side frame 4 which are erected on the edges of these, and the A/Purge 3' is the right side purge.ゞ－
A launching platform 2 is placed between the purge 3 and the B purge 3' so as to be sandwiched between them.
, 4' at the four corners of the launching platform 2.
Supported by point suspension. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, an equalizing beam 9 and a hanging sheave 10 are attached to brackets 8 protruding from the four corners of the launching platform 2, and these hanging sheaves 10 are also attached to the rack sides 4 and 4'. A hanging sheave 7 and a guide sheave 6 are attached correspondingly to the above, and a winch 5a for raising and lowering the launching platform is installed on the upper surface of the cross sections 4 and 4'.
From now on, the guide sheave 6 and hanging sheave 7 on the side of the frame,
Equalizing beam 9 and hanging seaboo G on the launch platform side
The launch platform 2 is suspended at four points via a wire rope 5b suspended from the ground. For example, as shown in Fig. 5, there is an overhang on the right side (or both left and right sides), and in the overhang part, as shown in Figs. They are connected to each other by a joint material 27, and the overbridge part turtle a has a box-shaped closed cross-section structure, and it contains a prime mover, a generator, and a compressor necessary to operate this launching device. , control panel, worker's room,
Equipped with warehouse etc. Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, an overhead traveling crane 26 that runs in the longitudinal direction (left and right direction) of the rack cross sections 4 and 4r is spanned between the upper surfaces of the front and rear rack cross sections 4 and 4r. The traveling crane 26 is used for unloading materials from a carrier ship and for work during caisson fabrication. The detailed structure of the A and B purges 3 and 3', which are integrally constructed with the frames 4 and 4r, will now be described with reference to the A purge 3 (the same applies to the B purge 3'). The A barge 3 has enough space on its upper surface (deck) to fabricate parts of the caisson 1 (parts such as the bottom plate, wall plates, etc.) as shown in Figure 6. The purge 3 is equipped with a mooring winch 20, so that an anchor wire 22 can be stretched through the fairlead 21. Also, at the tip of the A purge 3, a water ballast having a required volume is installed as shown in FIG. A tank 23 is provided, and the tank 23 is used to adjust the trim of the construction equipment and to reduce the bending moment caused by the hanging load on the hanging equipment and the buoyant force acting on the purge. , B purges 3 and 3' has sufficient space on its upper surface (deck) to perform work from part of the caisson to complete caisson 1. Guide rollers 14 are provided on both the left and right sides of the water platform 2 for raising and lowering the launching platform, and on the top surface of the launching platform 2,
A caisson stopper 15 that prevents the caisson 1 from being strained due to horizontal force such as wave force is provided so as to be movable in the vertical direction. A part of the caisson 1 is removed from A purge 3 (or B purge 3')
) The caisson transfer device that moves the caisson from the top to the top of the launch platform 2 is
A caisson moving truck amount 1, a groove 2 group 2' for the moving truck 11 to pass through, a 2 rail 2 group for running the bogie laid in the groove base 2, 12'; Regarding the groove 129 and turtle 2', as shown in Fig. 6, the groove ridge 2 is provided in the launching platform 2 in a direction perpendicular to the caisson pulling direction P, and the groove 129 is provided in the direction perpendicular to the caisson drawing direction P. ' is provided so as to be in line with the groove 12. Also, the bogie running rail 2
As shown in Figure 8, the two turtles are laid in a straight line at the bottom of the groove 12' on the side of the launching platform 2 and the groove 12' on the purge 3' side. 2 and the purge 3, 8' is provided with a crossing rail 28 which can be installed and removed freely for connecting the T-transfer rails 2 and 2. As shown in Fig. 6, they are of a full length shape and form a pair of two pieces (one piece is omitted in Fig. 6), and they fit into the groove 12 (or 2') and are attached to the cart. It is movably mounted on a running rail 24.The mobile cart 11 is equipped with a plurality of hydraulic jacks on its upper part, and when moving a part of the keiso, the hydraulic jacks are used to lift a part of the keiso wing. It can be lifted and moved to the launching platform 2 (detailed structure of the moving platform 11 will be omitted)Q Meanwhile, the A?B purge 3,
Near the tip of groove 92' (the part on the side adjacent to Hanshibara 2) at 3' (or it is possible to use it on the Yogi side of the launch platform), there is also a sign "The movement of a part of the caisson turtle mentioned above" as shown in the first picture. In order to prevent a step from forming between the A, 8 purges 3, 3' and the launching platform 2 due to elastic deformation such as elongation of the wire rope 5b of the hanging device or deflection of the launching platform 2, a launching platform stopper is installed. A stopper device turtle 3 is provided (a total of four locations are provided).The stopper device turtle 3 is engaged by pressing against the fin of an engagement recess 3 provided on the side surface of the launching platform 2, as shown in FIG. It consists of a stopper pedestal 6, a hydraulic cylinder 17 that slides the pedestal 16 in a guide hole 31, which will be described later, and a bracket 18 for mounting the hydraulic cylinder holder 7. These are provided in guide holes 31 provided under the decks of the A and B purges 3 and 3' to hold down the water table 2.The hydraulic cylinders 8 and 3' are provided in guide holes 31 provided under the decks of the A and B purges 3 and 3'. It is connected by piping to the hydraulic system 19 installed on the deck (see Figure 6).Next, we will describe the procedure for manufacturing and launching a caisson using the construction hawk with the above-mentioned configuration. {i) First A part of the caisson, such as the bottom plate of the caisson or the bottom plate and the wall, on the deck of any purge, in this example, the A purge 3, is suspended within the range of the lifting capacity of the winch 5a for lifting the launching platform of the lifting device 5. In this case, cover the groove turtle 2' for the caisson movable cart dragon 1 with a panel (formwork) 28 in advance, as shown in Figure y, so as to close the lid.(ii) Next, with the jack of the caisson moving truck Gunkame, a part of the caisson neck made in the previous section along with the 2 fins of the above mentioned panel was raised to a position slightly above the A purge 3 deck, and then the caisson moving truck quantity wealth was deeply penetrated. 2, military 2
'The caisson was moved to the launching platform 2. After that, it was jacked down and a part of the caisson wing was placed on the deck of the launching platform 2. Return to purge 3. (iii) In the previous section, before the caisson movable bogie head transfers onto the launching platform 2, the launching platform stopper device kameha also supports the launching platform 2 using the bogie running rails 24, 24 so that there is no difference in level. Connect the two rails 24 and 2 in a straight line by passing the two rails between them, and keep the top surfaces of these rails 4, 2, and 2 threads smooth). In addition, as mentioned above, after returning the caisson movable trolley gun to the A purge 3, the T-transfer rail 25 is removed. Raise the launch platform 2 slightly and pull the stopper cradle from the hydraulic cylinder 1 to release the stopper without any load. In this case, the winch 5a for raising and lowering the launch platform is held by a brake, etc. If a part of the caisson 1 is placed on the launching platform 2 as shown in the side section above, ``If there is still enough lifting capacity of the winch 5a for raising and lowering the launching platform, add concrete to the part of the caisson 1.'' (adding), launch to within the capacity of the winch 5a for raising and lowering the launching platform (manufacturing the caisson wall surface).In this case, in the case of the large block construction method using prefabricated, the concrete added above will be added to the prefabricated unit. (The same applies below).M After the work in section W above, when the launch platform 2 is lowered by the launch platform lifting winch 5a, the caisson 1 (which has an unfinished shape that can float) enters the water and receives its buoyancy, which reduces the hanging load of the launch platform elevating winch 5a, but the lowering of the launch platform 2 is stopped before the caisson 1 rises from the launch platform 2 due to its buoyancy. After cleaning, winch 5 for raising and lowering the launch platform
A is held again by a brake or the like, and concrete is added as described above, and the concrete is stopped within the capacity of the winch 5a for raising and lowering the launching platform. This work of lowering the launching platform 2 and adding concrete is repeated. In parallel with this work, a part of the next caisson 1' is fabricated on the A purge 3. FIG. 9 shows the state of the caissons on the launching platform 2 when they are being manufactured. 2 in the diagram
Reference numeral 9 denotes a holding girder that holds the caisson against horizontal forces caused by waves during fabrication of the caisson, and is hung and attached by a traveling crane 26. This holding girder 29 also serves as a passage from the A purge 3 to the B purge 3' and as a work platform. The holding girder 29 is installed so as to surround the caisson 1, and old rubber tires etc. are sandwiched between the parts where it contacts the caisson to absorb shock and
An appropriate gap is provided so that the launching platform 2 (and caisson) can be lowered smoothly. WiD Once the caisson 1 is completed as described above, lower the launching platform 2 until the caisson 1 floats up from the launching platform 2 as shown by the chain line in FIG. After forming an appropriate gap between them, the completed caisson 1 in a floating state is pushed in the caisson drawing direction P by a push boat, or pulled by a tug boat, and the overbridge portion 4a of the cross sections 4 and 4' is removed. Pass through it, drive it out of the main construction equipment, and launch it. In this case, the freeboard height of caisson 1 is high, and caisson 1
If the caisson interferes with the overbridge portion 4a during floating, the freeboard may be lowered by filling the caisson with ballast water in advance. The caisson fabrication and launching work is carried out as described in {i) to MDI above, but the above (i) to d
It is also possible to omit the step 1 and directly make the caisson 1 on the launching platform 2, and then perform the same work as (v}~WiD.In addition, when doing the above-mentioned manufacturing and launching work, , one of A and B purges 3 and 3' - In this example, the deck of B purge 3' is used as a storage area for materials, etc. (Normally, one side is used to make part of the caisson, and the other is used for material storage and other work. In addition, the ballast tanks 23 at the tips of the A and B purges 3 and 3' can be used not only for trim adjustment but also for filling the wire ropes 5b of the hanging device 5 with ballast water.
It is also used to reduce the bending moment at the suspension point (the suspension point of the launch platform 2) where the maximum bending moment acts due to the load (suspension load) acting on the suspension. The operation in this case will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11. FIG. 10 shows the state when there is no ballast water in the ballast tank 23, where W: load B: buoyancy M{1} : Bending moment at the suspension point 1: The distance from the suspension point to the center of buoyancy (arrow B), then the bending moment in this case is M'1}=W-l. Here, W=B. On the other hand, Figure 11 shows ballast tank 2.
3 shows the situation when there is ballast water, and M

[1}: Bending moment at the suspension point Q: Weight of ballast water 1: Distance from the center of buoyancy (arrow B) to the center of ballast water (arrow Q) If B = VV + Q (where W, 1 is the same as above), and the bending moment in this case is Mm=(W1Q)・1−Q(111,)=VV. 1-Q・1, becomes. Here, W.1>Q.1. Therefore, M'1} to M
Subtracting ■, Mm-M{21=W・]-(W・11QOL)=Q. 1
It becomes 1. Therefore, when ballast water is present, the bending moment is reduced by Q'1 at the suspension point where the maximum bending moment acts. Regarding the trim adjustment, the trim can also be adjusted by moving the overhead traveling crane 26 when the crane 26 is not performing cargo handling work. Furthermore, if the launching platform 2 is equipped with a built-in ballast tank similar to the ballast tanks 23 of the A and B purges 3 and 3', and ballast water is injected and discharged, the flotation force of the launching platform 2 can be adjusted. can. In the above-mentioned embodiment (traditional embodiment), the 4' overhang is formed on one side (corresponding to one side of one purge), but it is formed on both sides (both left and right sides). The present invention is not limited to the first embodiment described above, but also includes various other embodiments such as the following. Fig. 12 shows the second embodiment. In this example, the lifting device for the launching platform is a self-elevating work platform (SEP) or an oil drilling platform instead of the winch to sheep wire rope in the first embodiment. A jacking system that has traditionally been used for workbenches is used.
In the case of this figure, as an example, the launching platform 2 is suspended and supported by the launching platform suspension rod 32, and by rotating a pinion 3 with a drive device meshed with the rack 33 of the rod 32, 82 is moved up and down to raise and lower the launching platform. Figures 13 to 5 show the third embodiment. As shown by 32, one unit is installed on one side of the launching platform 2, for example, at the rear of the caisson drawing direction P (
This type is installed only in the front (or front), and the manufacturing and launching methods for the caissons are the same as in the first embodiment. However, the direction in which the caissons are drawn out at the time of launch is both in the first embodiment, but in the present embodiment, it is only in one direction. In addition, the above purge 3a has a main body that is a part of a caisson furnace, and an elongated protrusion 3D, which is positioned so as to sandwich the T launch platform 2 from both sides (right and left), is integrally attached to this main body. A frame 4b without an overbridge part is installed on the left and right protrusions 3. According to this embodiment, since the frame 4b has no overbridge part, the freeboard of the caisson It is possible to perform a launch regardless of the height of the launch platform.As in the second to fourth embodiments described above, the overall shape of the launching platform suspension lifting device to construction device 8 structure also has a launch platform/purge structure. It goes without saying that the structure of the frame (truss, frame, box), etc. can be changed to a large extent without departing from the gist of the present invention. Construction equipment such as caissons exhibits the following outstanding effects: 'i) Because they can be built floating on the water surface, there is no need for land on land for the construction of floating bodies such as caissons. {o} This was impossible with conventional methods. It is possible to manufacture large caissons, which were previously thought to be caissons.W Unlike the conventional floating dock type, there is no need for a floating body equivalent to the weight of the caissons - the weight of the caisson manufacturing equipment can be reduced.B This construction equipment can be installed at any location. Conventionally, as the caisson is launched, the height increases and the scaffolding also becomes higher, making work at heights dangerous. At the same time, the launching platform is lowered (sinking), which reduces the need for work at heights, which improves work efficiency and is superior in terms of safety. However, in the case of the present invention, the next caisson (part of the caisson) can be manufactured on the purge without any involvement during the launching operation, making continuous construction and mass production possible and reducing costs. {For example, the launching of the floorboard and caisson (wall fabrication) can be done in parallel (cycle work), making it more efficient and shortening the construction period. At the same time, by increasing the tin height of the suspension device of the launching platform. A caisson with a large amount of water can be produced regardless of the weight of the caisson.
{Lee Since the caisson can be built using the buoyancy of the caisson, the lifting device only needs to be small. Unlike the conventional floating dock type, there is no need for the walls (framework) on both sides to have a floating body box structure, and the structure can be made into a truss or rigid frame structure, which reduces the influence of wind pressure and reduces weight. ``It is possible to reduce the force exerted on the ship's hull and anchor by wind wind.
For example, it can be used for many purposes such as large heavy transport purge, large offshore work platform, offshore material storage, etc., and has a wide range of uses. Since the caisson made on the purge is a part of the caisson, such as the bottom plate, the devices in the caisson transfer device, such as the wheel drive device in the case of a self-propelled type and the winch in the case of a self-propelled type, can be made smaller. Since a water ballast tank is installed at the tip of the purge, by filling it with ballast water, the bending moment at the suspension point where a large bending moment acts due to the load can be reduced, and the weight can be reduced. If you run an overhead crane between them, you can move the overhead crane between them and lift the crane more easily than with a jib crane.
(cargo handling) capacity can be economically increased, and therefore large block construction methods using pre-buses can be adopted, shortening construction time and reducing costs. Since the launch platform stopper device is installed, it is possible to prevent the formation of a level difference between the purge platform and the launch platform due to elastic deformation such as elongation of the hanging device or deflection of the launch platform, which can be used for moving and replenishing caissons. can be done safely.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 to 3 are explanatory diagrams showing the conventional method, Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of the construction device of the present invention and the principle of caisson manufacturing and launching work using it, and Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the principle of the construction equipment according to the present invention. the first of
A front view showing the embodiment, FIG. 6 is a view in the direction of arrows in which the upper half is viewed from the direction A in FIG. 5 and the lower half is viewed from the direction B in FIG. 5, respectively;
In Figure 7, the left half is from direction C in Figure 5, and the right half is from direction C in Figure 5.
Fig. 8 is a detailed view of the launching platform stopper device shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 9 is a front view showing the state when the caisson is manufactured, Fig. 10 and Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the force relationship acting on the entire device, Fig. 12 is a front view showing the second embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 13 is a side view showing the third embodiment of the invention. In Fig. 14, the upper half is a view from the F direction in Fig. 13, the lower half is a view from the E direction in Fig. 13, and the left half in Fig. 15 is a view from the H direction in Fig. 13, and the right half is a view from the E direction in Fig. 13. FIG. 14 is a view taken along the arrow in FIG. 13; 1,1'...caisson, 2...launching platform ``3,3
′...A, B purge, 4, 4'...cross rack,
5... Hanging device, 11... Caisson moving trolley. Figure 3 Figure 7 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 8 Flea Figure Trout Figure n Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A barge having the required buoyancy and having a space on its upper surface in which a part of a floating body such as a caisson can be manufactured;
The barge has a water ballast tank for reducing the bending moment caused by the hanging load applied to the hanging device installed on the barge and the buoyancy acting on the barge, and a space on the upper surface in which the floating body can be manufactured and completed. a floating launch platform disposed adjacent to the barge; a frame provided on the barge as its upper structure; a suspension device for suspending and supporting the launch platform on the frame so that it can be raised and lowered; a transfer device having a cart on which a part of the floating body is placed, and which allows the part of the floating body to be moved from the barge to the launching platform; A construction device for a caisson, etc., comprising a launching platform stopper device for preventing steps from forming on the launching platform, and capable of launching the completed floating body by lowering the launching platform. . 2. A construction device for a caisson or the like according to claim 1, which has an overhang on one or both sides of the frame and an overhead traveling crane extending between the frames.