JPS61233085A - Emulsion fuel - Google Patents
Emulsion fuelInfo
- Publication number
- JPS61233085A JPS61233085A JP7521385A JP7521385A JPS61233085A JP S61233085 A JPS61233085 A JP S61233085A JP 7521385 A JP7521385 A JP 7521385A JP 7521385 A JP7521385 A JP 7521385A JP S61233085 A JPS61233085 A JP S61233085A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- water
- oil
- emulsion
- emulsion fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- -1 alkylbenzene sulfonate Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明はエマルジョン燃料に関し、さらに詳しくは安定
にして、かつ燃料時における支燃性の良好な油中水滴型
のエマルジョン燃料に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an emulsion fuel, and more particularly to a water-in-oil emulsion fuel that is stable and has good combustion support when fueled.
従来の技術
従来、燃料油中に水が混在していると燃焼中にその水分
を加熱、蒸発させるのに必要なだけの熱量が奪われるこ
とになり、その分、カロリーの損失になるため、極力水
分を除去する方策が最良の方法であると考えられていた
。Conventional technology Conventionally, when water is mixed in fuel oil, the amount of heat necessary to heat and evaporate the water is taken away during combustion, resulting in a loss of calories. It was thought that the best method was to remove as much water as possible.
しかしながら、燃料油中に混在する水分が嫌われる原因
は、油と水分が分離することに起因する燃料の不均一、
失火、発錆腐食等の各種の障害のためであり、水分が油
と均一に溶解分散している状態では故障など起こり得す
、かえって燃料中の燃焼特性を向上させる。最近では、
燃料バーナーの燃料油、たとえば灯油に水又は水溶液を
混合すると従来より少量の燃料で同様の性能を発揮させ
得ることが知られている。一般にエマルジョン燃料は燃
料油中に水を微小液滴として分散させた油中水滴型エマ
ルジョンであり、エマルジョンの安定化のために通常安
定化剤等の存在を必要としているが、従来法によって得
られるエマルジョン燃料では水分含量の増大と共に、エ
マルジョン中の水粒子径が増大し系が不安定になるので
安定剤としての界面活性剤の添加量を増加させて系を安
定化させる必要があり、また、従来使用の界面活性剤の
場合は添加量を増すことによりエマルジョンの粘度を増
大せしめる欠点があり、また、従来法によるエマルジョ
ン燃料は乳化のためにかなりの乳化剤を添加することか
ら経済性においても問題がある。However, the reason why water mixed in fuel oil is disliked is due to the unevenness of the fuel due to the separation of oil and water.
This is due to various problems such as misfires, rusting and corrosion, and failures can occur if water is uniformly dissolved and dispersed with oil.On the contrary, it improves the combustion characteristics of the fuel. recently,
It is known that when water or an aqueous solution is mixed with fuel oil for a fuel burner, such as kerosene, similar performance can be achieved with a smaller amount of fuel than before. In general, emulsion fuel is a water-in-oil emulsion in which water is dispersed as minute droplets in fuel oil, and usually requires the presence of a stabilizer to stabilize the emulsion, but it can be obtained by conventional methods. In emulsion fuel, as the water content increases, the water particle size in the emulsion increases and the system becomes unstable, so it is necessary to stabilize the system by increasing the amount of surfactant as a stabilizer. Conventionally used surfactants have the disadvantage that increasing the amount added increases the viscosity of the emulsion, and emulsion fuels using conventional methods also have economical problems because a considerable amount of emulsifier is added for emulsification. There is.
このため、セメント水和液を用いるエマルジョン燃料の
製造法（特開昭５６−８９５号、特開昭５８−５３９８
６号）はじめ、燃料油の節約などを目的とし、界面活性
剤を用いたエマルジョン燃料（特開昭５６−３６５９１
号）、有機塩基油を混合せしめたエマルジョン燃料（特
開昭５８−５９２８７号）、また、油中に水滴粒子を乳
化剤を添加することなく分散したエマルジヨン油（特開
昭５８−１６０３９２号）、アルコール類を添加せしめ
たエマルジョン燃料の調整方法（特開昭５７−５３５９
５号）、炭化水素系液状混合物の安定化方法（特開昭５
８−１７９２９２号、特開昭５８−１７９２９３号、特
開昭５８−１４９９９３号）のほか、エマルジョン燃料
の油水の混合比の設定を簡素化し得る製造装置（特開昭
５７−１９８７９２号）１重油等の液体燃料の自動乳化
方法（特開昭５８−１４７４９７号）等、数多くの提案
がなされている。For this reason, a method for producing emulsion fuel using cement hydration liquid (JP-A-56-895, JP-A-58-5398) has been developed.
No. 6), emulsion fuel using surfactants for the purpose of saving fuel oil (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 56-36591)
emulsion fuel mixed with organic base oil (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 58-59287), emulsion oil in which water droplets are dispersed in oil without adding an emulsifier (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 160392-1982), Method for preparing emulsion fuel to which alcohols have been added (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-5359
No. 5), Method for stabilizing hydrocarbon liquid mixtures (Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 5)
8-179292, JP-A-58-179293, JP-A-58-149993), as well as a manufacturing device that can simplify the setting of the oil/water mixture ratio of emulsion fuel (JP-A-57-198792) 1 heavy oil Many proposals have been made, such as an automatic emulsification method for liquid fuel (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 147497/1983).
このような提案にみられるように、水自体は発熱量を持
たないが、間接的に燃料の完全燃焼を起こさせることに
よって燃料の発熱量を増大させる効果がある。しかしな
がら、燃料油と水が完全にエマルジョン化していない燃
料では完全な燃焼が得られないために、かえって燃焼効
率が悪い結果がみられた。As seen in such proposals, although water itself does not have a calorific value, it has the effect of increasing the calorific value of the fuel by indirectly causing complete combustion of the fuel. However, if the fuel oil and water were not completely emulsified, complete combustion could not be achieved, resulting in poor combustion efficiency.
発明が解決しようとする問題点
燃料は石炭から石油へと移り、エネルギー源として石油
は重要な地位を占めるようになった。そして、燃料を有
効に使うためにはそれぞれ燃焼特性に適応した燃焼方式
によらねばならないが、液体燃料としての石油系燃料に
ついてみても、これが大量に消費されるものであるから
、まず第一に経済的なものでなければならない。この面
では、一般に燃えた時に多量の熱を発生すること、高い
温度を与えること、その他取扱い、毒性等からみて、炭
化水素系液体燃料として石油が重視されその有効利用が
望まれている。The problem that the invention aims to solve The fuel has shifted from coal to oil, and oil has come to occupy an important position as an energy source. In order to use fuel effectively, it is necessary to use a combustion method that is adapted to the combustion characteristics of each fuel, but even when looking at petroleum-based fuel as a liquid fuel, it is consumed in large quantities, so the first thing to do is to It has to be economical. In this respect, petroleum is generally regarded as a hydrocarbon-based liquid fuel, and its effective use is desired, since it generally generates a large amount of heat when burned, provides high temperatures, and has other handling, toxicity, and other considerations.
しかしながら、燃料の経済性では、燃料の価格発熱量、
熱効率、危険災害の有無等があげられるが、最も注意す
べき熱効率では使った燃料のもつ発熱量のどれほどが本
当に有効に加熱の目的に使われたかを知る必要がある。However, in terms of fuel economy, the price and calorific value of fuel,
Thermal efficiency, the presence or absence of dangerous disasters, etc. can be mentioned, but the most important aspect of thermal efficiency is knowing how much of the calorific value of the fuel used was actually effectively used for heating purposes.
単に燃料の単価を発熱量で割った値で比較することでは
不十分である石油製品の一つとして灯用、石油発動機用
、暖厨房用等に広く用いられる灯油についてみても、暖
房はじめ家庭経済に及ぼす燃料費の比重は寒冷地の他、
かなり大きく、また工業的にも燃料費が製品の原価に影
響を及ぼしている点などから改善が望まれている。この
ように燃料の経済性からみても、現在法して満足すべき
ものではない。It is not enough to simply compare the unit price of fuel divided by the calorific value.If we look at kerosene, which is widely used for lights, oil engines, heating kitchens, etc. as a petroleum product, The relative weight of fuel costs on the economy is
This is quite large, and from an industrial standpoint, fuel costs have an impact on the cost of products, so improvements are desired. In this way, even from the point of view of fuel economy, the current method is not satisfactory.
前記した数々の提案にみられるように、燃料油に水を均
一な状態でエマルジョン化し、燃料として使用すること
については省エネルギー、燃料の経済性などの見地から
みてもその効果はきわめて高い。しかし、燃料油と水を
完全にエマルジョン化し、いわゆるエマルジョン燃料と
して使用することについては、たとえば灯油についてみ
ても油と水の比率が１対１の状態では安定したエマルジ
ョン燃料油を得ることは困難であった。As seen in the numerous proposals mentioned above, the effect of uniformly emulsifying fuel oil with water and using it as a fuel is extremely high from the standpoint of energy saving and fuel economy. However, when it comes to completely emulsifying fuel oil and water and using it as a so-called emulsion fuel, for example, when looking at kerosene, it is difficult to obtain a stable emulsion fuel oil when the ratio of oil and water is 1:1. there were.
そして、燃料油と水を完全にエマルジョン化しいわゆる
エマルジョン燃料として使用することについては、たと
えば灯油についてみても、油と水の比率が１対１の状態
では安定した油中水滴型エマルジョン灯油を製造するこ
とは困難であった。Regarding kerosene, for example, when fuel oil and water are completely emulsified and used as a so-called emulsion fuel, stable water-in-oil emulsion kerosene is produced when the ratio of oil and water is 1:1. That was difficult.
燃料油として望ましいエマルジョン燃料を得るためには
乳化分散が十分行なわれた安定な油中水滴型のエマルジ
ョンを形成し、かつ燃料時における支燃性が良好である
ことが必要である。しかしながら、従来においてはこれ
らの条件を十分に満足し得るエマルジョン燃料を容易に
得ることができず、燃料油の節約や燃料効率の面で不十
分である。In order to obtain an emulsion fuel that is desirable as a fuel oil, it is necessary to form a stable water-in-oil emulsion with sufficient emulsification and dispersion, and to have good combustion support when used as a fuel. However, in the past, it has not been possible to easily obtain emulsion fuel that fully satisfies these conditions, resulting in insufficient fuel oil savings and fuel efficiency.
本発明は炭化水素系燃料油と水又は水溶液及びアルキル
ベンゼンスルフォン酸等の陰イオン系界面活性剤とドロ
シル硫酸ソーダ等の中性塩類からなる添加剤を２〜５容
量％混合してなるエマルジョン燃料を提供するものであ
る。The present invention provides an emulsion fuel made by mixing 2 to 5% by volume of hydrocarbon fuel oil, water or an aqueous solution, and an anionic surfactant such as an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid and a neutral salt such as sodium dorosyl sulfate. This is what we provide.
問題点を解決するための手段
上記の問題点を解決するため本発明者は鋭意研究の結果
、炭化水素系燃料油と水又は水溶液の系にアルキルベン
ゼンスルフォン酸等の陰イオン系界面活性剤とドロシル
硫酸ソーダ等の中性塩類からなる添加剤を混合せしめる
ことにより安定にして、かつ燃料時における支燃性の良
好な油中水滴型のエマルジョン燃料が得られることを見
出し、本発明を完成した。Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventor of the present invention, as a result of intensive research, found that an anionic surfactant such as alkylbenzene sulfonic acid and Drosyl were added to a system of hydrocarbon fuel oil and water or an aqueous solution. The present invention was completed based on the discovery that a water-in-oil emulsion fuel that is stable and has good combustion support when used as a fuel can be obtained by mixing an additive made of neutral salts such as sodium sulfate.
本発明において対象とする燃料油は、主として農工業用
などに広く使用される燃料油であれば特に制限されるも
のではない。そして、本発明においてこれらの燃料油に
混合する水又は水溶液は燃料油に対し４５容量％以下が
適当である。また、本発明において使用される添加剤は
、アルキルベンゼンスルフォン酸、アルキルベンゼンス
ルファミン酸など高級アルコール系陰イオン系界面活性
剤とドロシル硫酸ソーダ、ドロシル硫酸カリウム等の中
性塩類よりなるもので、前記燃料油に混合せしめて乳化
分散を行なうには２〜５容量％の範囲で使用するのが適
当であり、燃料油の親油性又は親水性によってその添加
量は異なる。また、該エマルジョン燃料の燃焼効率を向
上せしめるため乳化分散工程において油と水の互いの親
和性を高めるために、１０〜１５ｋｇ／ｃｄの高圧処理
を行なうのが適当である。さらに、高圧下で強制循環せ
しめエマルジョン化する工程において、できるだけ気泡
（空気）を多く含有せしめ、かつ微細化させるため適宜
数のノズルを設けた公知のスプレー噴霧機構を設置し、
該エマルジョン燃料の燃焼時における支燃性を向上せし
めることができる。The fuel oil targeted in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is widely used mainly for agricultural and industrial purposes. In the present invention, the amount of water or aqueous solution mixed with these fuel oils is suitably 45% by volume or less based on the fuel oil. Furthermore, the additive used in the present invention is composed of a higher alcohol-based anionic surfactant such as alkylbenzenesulfonic acid and alkylbenzenesulfamic acid, and neutral salts such as sodium dorosyl sulfate and potassium dorosyl sulfate. For emulsification and dispersion by mixing with fuel oil, it is appropriate to use it in a range of 2 to 5% by volume, and the amount added varies depending on the lipophilicity or hydrophilicity of the fuel oil. Further, in order to improve the combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel, it is appropriate to perform high pressure treatment at 10 to 15 kg/cd in order to increase the mutual affinity of oil and water in the emulsification and dispersion step. Furthermore, in the process of forced circulation under high pressure to form an emulsion, a known spray mechanism with an appropriate number of nozzles is installed to contain as many bubbles (air) as possible and make them fine.
Combustion support during combustion of the emulsion fuel can be improved.
第１図は本発明のエマルジョン燃料の総発熱量を示すグ
ラフで、炭化水素系燃料油のうち、代表的な灯油の例で
ある。含水率３５〜５０％の範囲におけるＪＩＳ規格に
基づき測定した総発熱量であり、図中、Ａは実質上水分
率が零である燃料自燃カロリーを示すものである。また
、第２図は同じく本発明にかかるエマルジョン燃料の安
定度を示すグラフであり、ランダムに試料を採取して赤
外線四塩化炭素油分濃度針（日立堀場■製）により測定
した数値である。第１図によれば添加剤２％及び３％を
添加した場合、燃料油の含水率３５〜５０％と燃料自燃
カロリー（Ａ）とを比較すると、本発明品では含水率４
５％においても７２００〜７８００キロカロリーを示し
ており、エマルジョン燃料として実用的な範囲内にある
ことが判明した。また、第２図の本発明にかかるエマル
ジョン燃料の安定度を示すグラフによれば、含水率４０
％と４５％で、添加剤を２％及び３％添加した例につい
みても、本発明品は市販品と比較し、安定度は初期段階
の４時間経過後においてすでに顕著な差異を示しており
、本発明品がきわめて良好なエマルジョン燃料であるこ
とが判明した。FIG. 1 is a graph showing the total calorific value of the emulsion fuel of the present invention, which is a typical example of kerosene among hydrocarbon fuel oils. It is the total calorific value measured based on the JIS standard in the moisture content range of 35 to 50%, and in the figure, A indicates the self-burning calories of fuel with substantially zero moisture content. Furthermore, FIG. 2 is a graph showing the stability of the emulsion fuel according to the present invention, and the values are measured by taking samples at random and using an infrared carbon tetrachloride oil concentration needle (manufactured by Hitachi Horiba). According to FIG. 1, when the water content of fuel oil is 35 to 50% and the fuel self-burning calories (A) are compared when 2% and 3% of additives are added, the product of the present invention has a water content of 4.
Even at 5%, it showed 7,200 to 7,800 kilocalories, which was found to be within a practical range as an emulsion fuel. Moreover, according to the graph showing the stability of the emulsion fuel according to the present invention in FIG. 2, the water content is 40.
% and 45%, and when 2% and 3% of additives were added, the stability of the product of the present invention showed a significant difference even after 4 hours in the initial stage compared to the commercially available product. It was found that the product of the present invention is an extremely good emulsion fuel.
発明の効果
上記の如く、燃料油と水又は水溶液ならびに添加剤によ
って構成される本発明にかかるエマルジョン燃料は、発
熱量、安定度と共に従来品に比して格段に向上しており
、また、上記添加剤が有効に作用してエマルジョン生成
に際しての乳化作用を促進させるためエマルジョン燃料
が安定し、燃焼効率を高めることができる等、その実用
的価値はきわめて大きい。Effects of the Invention As described above, the emulsion fuel according to the present invention, which is composed of fuel oil, water or an aqueous solution, and additives, has significantly improved calorific value and stability compared to conventional products. Since the additive acts effectively and promotes the emulsification effect during emulsion production, the emulsion fuel becomes stable and the combustion efficiency can be increased, so its practical value is extremely large.
第１図は本発明にかかるエマルジョン燃料の発熱量を示
すグラフ、第２図は同じくエマルジョン燃料の安定度を
示すグラフである。FIG. 1 is a graph showing the calorific value of the emulsion fuel according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a graph showing the stability of the emulsion fuel.
Claims (1)
スルフォン酸等の陰イオン系界面活性剤とドロシル硫酸
ソーダ等の中性塩類からなる添加剤を２〜５容量％混合
してなることを特徴とするエマルジョン燃料。An emulsion characterized by a mixture of 2 to 5% by volume of hydrocarbon fuel oil, water or an aqueous solution, and an anionic surfactant such as an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid and a neutral salt such as sodium dorosyl sulfate. fuel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7521385A JPS61233085A (en) | 1985-04-09 | 1985-04-09 | Emulsion fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7521385A JPS61233085A (en) | 1985-04-09 | 1985-04-09 | Emulsion fuel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS61233085A true JPS61233085A (en) | 1986-10-17 |
Family
ID=13569699
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7521385A Pending JPS61233085A (en) | 1985-04-09 | 1985-04-09 | Emulsion fuel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS61233085A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01247492A (en) * | 1988-03-30 | 1989-10-03 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Heavy oil/water mixture fuel composition |
| WO1998054274A1 (en) * | 1997-05-30 | 1998-12-03 | Ju Heung Sung | Emulsified fuel |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5344328A (en) * | 1976-09-27 | 1978-04-21 | Tokan Kogyo Co Ltd | Double covered growing bed for seedling |
| JPS5373205A (en) * | 1976-12-10 | 1978-06-29 | Elf Aquitaine | Concentrate for producing oillwater micro emulsion |
| JPS567640A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-01-26 | Berol Kemi Ab | Emulsifying agent and use for manufacturing emulsion in mineral oil of said agent |
| JPS5654357A (en) * | 1979-10-11 | 1981-05-14 | Hitachi Ltd | Dispensing method |
-
1985
- 1985-04-09 JP JP7521385A patent/JPS61233085A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5344328A (en) * | 1976-09-27 | 1978-04-21 | Tokan Kogyo Co Ltd | Double covered growing bed for seedling |
| JPS5373205A (en) * | 1976-12-10 | 1978-06-29 | Elf Aquitaine | Concentrate for producing oillwater micro emulsion |
| JPS567640A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-01-26 | Berol Kemi Ab | Emulsifying agent and use for manufacturing emulsion in mineral oil of said agent |
| JPS5654357A (en) * | 1979-10-11 | 1981-05-14 | Hitachi Ltd | Dispensing method |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01247492A (en) * | 1988-03-30 | 1989-10-03 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Heavy oil/water mixture fuel composition |
| WO1998054274A1 (en) * | 1997-05-30 | 1998-12-03 | Ju Heung Sung | Emulsified fuel |
| CN1084378C (en) * | 1997-05-30 | 2002-05-08 | 成周兴 | emulsified fuel |
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