JPS6160545B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6160545B2 JPS6160545B2 JP56178625A JP17862581A JPS6160545B2 JP S6160545 B2 JPS6160545 B2 JP S6160545B2 JP 56178625 A JP56178625 A JP 56178625A JP 17862581 A JP17862581 A JP 17862581A JP S6160545 B2 JPS6160545 B2 JP S6160545B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- outlet
- grooves
- gas
- supply
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明はマトリツクス型燃料電池に係り、特に
ガス分離板を改良して電極反応の均一化を図ると
共に電池の冷却能を向上することを目的とする。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a matrix type fuel cell, and particularly aims to improve the gas separation plate to make the electrode reaction uniform and to improve the cooling ability of the cell.
この種電池は第１図に示すように、水素極、空
気極及びこれら極間に介在する電解液保持マトリ
ツクス（いづれも図示せず）よりなる単位セル１
と、両面に交錯する方向に水素供給溝２及び空気
供給溝３を配列した炭素質ガス分離板４とを交互
に積重し、且３〜４セル毎に空気通路５を有する
冷却板６を介在させて電池スタツクＳを構成す
る。 As shown in FIG. 1, this type of battery consists of a unit cell 1 consisting of a hydrogen electrode, an air electrode, and an electrolyte holding matrix (none of which are shown) interposed between these electrodes.
and carbonaceous gas separation plates 4 having hydrogen supply grooves 2 and air supply grooves 3 arranged in intersecting directions on both sides, and cooling plates 6 having air passages 5 for every 3 to 4 cells. A battery stack S is constructed by interposing the battery stack S.
電池スタツクＳの対向側面には、第２図に示す
ように、夫々水素供給用の一対のマニホルド７，
７′及び空気供給用の一対のマニホルド８，８′が
取付けられ、これらマニホルドを介して水素及び
空気が夫々のガス供給溝２及び３に送られ、電解
液保持マトリツクスを介して電池反応にあづか
る。同時に供給空気は冷却板６の空気通路５に流
れて電池の冷却を行う。 As shown in FIG. 2, on opposite sides of the battery stack S, there are a pair of manifolds 7,
7' and a pair of air supply manifolds 8, 8' are attached, and hydrogen and air are sent to the gas supply grooves 2 and 3, respectively, through these manifolds, and participate in the cell reaction via the electrolyte holding matrix. Ru. At the same time, the supply air flows into the air passage 5 of the cooling plate 6 to cool the battery.
さて電池に供給される水素は、通常メタノール
や天然ガスを改質したものであるため、約20％程
度の炭酸ガスを含んでおり、その流量は反応必要
量の1.2〜1.5倍程度である。 Since the hydrogen supplied to the battery is usually reformed methanol or natural gas, it contains about 20% carbon dioxide gas, and the flow rate is about 1.2 to 1.5 times the amount required for the reaction.
一方電池に供給される空気も反応ガスとしての
O2以外に多量のN2を含んでおり、前記空冷方式
を用いた場合、その流量は反応必要量の約10倍程
度でその大部分70〜75％は冷却板６の空気通路５
を流れる。 On the other hand, the air supplied to the battery also acts as a reactive gas.
It contains a large amount of N 2 in addition to O 2 , and when the air cooling method is used, the flow rate is about 10 times the amount required for the reaction, and most of it, 70 to 75%, is in the air passage 5 of the cooling plate 6.
flows.
このような水素及び空気を電池に供給すれば、
各供給溝２及び３より水素極及び空気極に拡散し
て反応するが、この反応により供給ガスの有効成
分（H2及びO2）の分圧（濃度）は各供給溝の入口
側から出口側に向つて低下する。従つて電極反応
は入口側と出口側で不均一となり、電極特性を劣
化させる一原因となつていた。 If such hydrogen and air are supplied to the battery,
It diffuses from each supply groove 2 and 3 to the hydrogen electrode and air electrode and reacts, but due to this reaction, the partial pressure (concentration) of the effective components (H 2 and O 2 ) of the supply gas increases from the inlet side to the outlet side of each supply groove. It decreases towards the side. Therefore, the electrode reaction becomes non-uniform between the inlet side and the outlet side, which is one of the causes of deterioration of electrode characteristics.
従来これを防止するため各出口側マニホルド
７′，８′の導出管９′及び１０′を各入口側マニホ
ルド７及び８の導入管９及び１０より縮径（空気
用の場合断面積で約1/2）し、各出口側マニホル
ド内の圧力を増大して、各供給溝の出口側から背
圧を加え、反応ガスの濃度低下をこの圧力増大従
つてガス極背面からの拡散性向上によつて補償す
る方法がとられていた。 Conventionally, in order to prevent this, the outlet pipes 9' and 10' of the outlet manifolds 7' and 8' were made smaller in diameter than the inlet pipes 9 and 10 of the inlet manifolds 7 and 8 (for air, the cross-sectional area was approximately 1 /2) Then, the pressure inside each outlet manifold is increased and back pressure is applied from the outlet side of each supply groove, and the concentration of the reactant gas decreases due to this pressure increase and therefore the improvement of the diffusivity from the back side of the gas. A method of compensation was taken.
この方法によれば、供給ガスの円滑な流れを阻
害すると共に流量が低下し、特に空気の場合冷却
板に流れる冷却空気量の減少により、電池の冷却
が充分に行われないという問題があつた。 According to this method, there was a problem that the smooth flow of the supply gas was obstructed and the flow rate decreased, and in the case of air in particular, the amount of cooling air flowing to the cooling plate was reduced, resulting in insufficient cooling of the battery. .
本発明はこのような問題点をガス分離板の供給
溝を改良することにより解決するもので、以下図
について説明する。 The present invention solves these problems by improving the supply grooves of the gas separation plate, and will be explained below with reference to the drawings.
第３図に示すガス分離板４は、従来のものと同
様に両面に互に交錯するよう各供給溝２，３を配
列しているが、これら供給溝は出口近傍に連通切
欠部１１を有し、この切欠部１１を介して供給溝
数より少ない出口溝２′及び３′に連通させてい
る。この出口溝数は供給溝数の1/2〜1/4が適当で
あり、このようにして出口側通路断面を入口側通
路断面に比して絞る構成とした。 The gas separation plate 4 shown in FIG. 3 has supply grooves 2 and 3 arranged on both sides so as to intersect with each other, similar to the conventional one, but these supply grooves have a communicating notch 11 near the outlet. However, through this notch 11, the outlet grooves 2' and 3', which are smaller in number than the supply grooves, are communicated. The appropriate number of outlet grooves is 1/2 to 1/4 of the number of supply grooves, and in this way, the cross section of the outlet side passage is narrowed compared to the cross section of the inlet side passage.
従つて供給溝数より少ない出口溝により、出口
側から各供給溝に圧力（背圧）がかゝるので、反
応ガスの入口側から出口側に至る濃度低下はこの
背圧上昇によるガス極背面からの反応ガスの拡散
性向上によつて補償され、電極反応を入口側から
出口側に亘つて略均一化することができる。 Therefore, pressure (back pressure) is applied from the outlet side to each supply groove due to the number of outlet grooves being smaller than the number of supply grooves, so the concentration decrease from the inlet side to the outlet side of the reactant gas is due to this increase in back pressure. This is compensated for by the improved diffusivity of the reaction gas from the inlet, and the electrode reaction can be made substantially uniform from the inlet side to the outlet side.
又本方式ではガス分離板４のガス供給溝の改良
で背圧するようにしているので、従来のように出
口マニホルド７′及び８′の導出管９′及び１０′を
絞る必要なく円滑なガス流が得られ、特に冷却板
６を通過する冷却空気量が増大して冷却効果をも
向上する。 In addition, in this system, back pressure is created by improving the gas supply groove of the gas separation plate 4, so that smooth gas flow is achieved without the need to throttle the outlet pipes 9' and 10' of the outlet manifolds 7' and 8' as in the conventional method. In particular, the amount of cooling air passing through the cooling plate 6 is increased, and the cooling effect is also improved.
第４図に示す他実施例は、各反応ガス供給溝
２，３の入口側及び前記の各出口溝２′，３′はガ
ス分離板４の周辺を残してトンネル状に形成した
場合であり、このガス分離板４に密接する各ガス
極周辺部が、各ガス供給溝２及び３の入口並びに
出口溝２′及び３′に喰込んで出入口の通路断面積
を減少させたり、ガス極周辺部を破損させたりす
るおそれがなくなるという付加的効果が得られ
る。 In another embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the inlet sides of the reaction gas supply grooves 2 and 3 and the outlet grooves 2' and 3' are formed in a tunnel shape, leaving the periphery of the gas separation plate 4. , the peripheral portion of each gas electrode that is in close contact with this gas separation plate 4 bites into the inlet and outlet grooves 2' and 3' of each gas supply groove 2 and 3, reducing the passage cross-sectional area of the inlet and outlet, and An additional effect is that there is no risk of damaging the parts.
以上の如く本発明によれば、電池への供給ガス
として夫々CO2を含む改質水素及び空気を用いる
場合、多数のガス供給溝には、出口近傍でこれら
を互に連通する切欠部を介して、供給溝数より少
ない出口溝を形成したもので、このガス通路断面
を絞る出口溝によりガス供給溝に背圧が加はるの
で従来のようにマニホルドの出口側を絞る必要が
なくなり、電極反応を入口側から出口側に亘つて
略均一化し得ると共に冷却空気の円滑な流れによ
り冷却能を向上し得るなど、電池特性の改善に資
するものである。 As described above, according to the present invention, when reformed hydrogen and air each containing CO 2 are used as gases to be supplied to a battery, a large number of gas supply grooves are provided with cutouts that communicate with each other near the outlet. The number of outlet grooves is smaller than the number of supply grooves.The exit grooves that narrow the cross section of the gas passage apply back pressure to the gas supply grooves, eliminating the need to narrow the outlet side of the manifold as in the conventional case. This contributes to improving battery characteristics, such as making the reaction substantially uniform from the inlet side to the outlet side and improving the cooling capacity due to the smooth flow of cooling air.
第１図は本発明の対象とする電池スタツクの斜
面図、第２図は同上完成電池の平面図、第３図は
本発明により改良されたガス分離板の斜面図、第
４図は同じく他実施例によるガス分離板の斜面図
である。
Ｓ……電池スタツク、１……単位セル、２，３
……水素及び空気の供給溝、４……ガス分離板、
６……冷却板、（５……空気通路）、７，７′……
水素供給用マニホルド、８，８′……空気供給用
マニホルド。
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a battery stack that is the subject of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same completed battery, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a gas separation plate improved according to the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a gas separation plate according to an embodiment. S...Battery stack, 1...Unit cell, 2,3
...Hydrogen and air supply groove, 4...Gas separation plate,
6...Cooling plate, (5...Air passage), 7,7'...
Hydrogen supply manifold, 8, 8'...Air supply manifold.
Claims (1)
る電池スタツクを備える燃料電池において、前記
ガス分離板は、多数の反応ガス供給溝と、出口近
傍でこれら供給溝を互に連通する切欠部と、前記
供給溝数より少ない出口溝とを形成し、前記出口
溝により出口側の反応ガス通路断面積を絞つたこ
とを特徴とする燃料電池。 ２ 前記反応ガス供給溝の入口側及び前記出口溝
は、前記ガス分離板をトンネル状に貫通して形成
されていることを特徴とする前記特許請求の範囲
第１項記載の燃料電池。[Scope of Claims] 1. In a fuel cell equipped with a battery stack formed by stacking unit cells and gas separation plates alternately, the gas separation plate has a large number of reaction gas supply grooves and a plurality of reaction gas supply grooves near the outlet. 1. A fuel cell comprising: a notch that communicates with each other; and a smaller number of outlet grooves than the number of supply grooves, and a cross-sectional area of the reactant gas passage on the outlet side is narrowed by the outlet grooves. 2. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the inlet side of the reaction gas supply groove and the outlet groove are formed by penetrating the gas separation plate in a tunnel shape.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56178625A JPS5880272A (en) | 1981-11-07 | 1981-11-07 | Fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56178625A JPS5880272A (en) | 1981-11-07 | 1981-11-07 | Fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5880272A JPS5880272A (en) | 1983-05-14 |
| JPS6160545B2 true JPS6160545B2 (en) | 1986-12-22 |
Family
ID=16051717
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56178625A Granted JPS5880272A (en) | 1981-11-07 | 1981-11-07 | Fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5880272A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6174616B1 (en) * | 1998-10-07 | 2001-01-16 | Plug Power Inc. | Fuel cell assembly unit for promoting fluid service and design flexibility |
| JP4876766B2 (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2012-02-15 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell |
-
1981
- 1981-11-07 JP JP56178625A patent/JPS5880272A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5880272A (en) | 1983-05-14 |
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