JPS618220A - Broach working and broach - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate the necessity of a broach working machine for exclusive use and permit the work by use of an NC exclusive-use machine by allowing the cutting edges of a broach which can be mounted and demounted onto a main spindle which permits the positioning at a certain angular phase to execute cutting by regulating the angular phase of the broach so as to be parallel to the cutting feed axis line. CONSTITUTION:An NC exclusive-use machine 10 is equipped with a main spindle 14 which is rotatable and permits the positioning at a certain angular phase and is provided with tool replacing function. The cutting edges 21a and 21b of a broach 20 regulate the angular phase of the broach 20 so as to be parallel to the direction X of the cutting feed axis line crossing at right angles with the main spindle 14, and the surface parallel to the cutting edges 21a and 21b is cut by relatively shifting a work and the main spindle 14 in the direction X of the cutting feed axis line.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a broaching method for cutting grooves and the like, and a broach.

<Prior art> Conventionally, machining lines for automobile engine blocks, etc., have been configured to process a large number of the same workpieces, and all the machining machines at each machining station are dedicated to a single machining process. There is. However, in recent years, in order to respond to the diversification of user needs, there has been a demand for a line configuration for medium-sized, medium-volume production that can process several types of workpieces.
C. Automatic tool change function Line configurations that are flexible for changing workpieces are now being adopted, using government-owned special-purpose machines as base machines.

By the way, in surface machining and groove wall surface machining with strict dimensional accuracy, broaching, which is continuous cutting with a non-rotating tool, is often used instead of milling, which is intermittent cutting with a rotating tool. Broaching has the advantage that the removal amount per cutting edge is small, and since cutting is continuous, there is less wear on the cutting edge, it has a long life, and high-precision machining can be achieved.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the conventional dedicated broaching machine is equipped with a saddle 3 on a bed 2 that feeds and moves the workpiece W cranked by a jig device 1 in the groove machining direction. A spindle head 5 is provided with seven rice cutters 6 on the slide table 4, which is arranged so as to be able to move forward and backward with respect to the workpiece W in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the saddle 3.
A broach holder 7 is provided in parallel with the spindle head 5, and a broach 8 is attached to the broach holder 7.The broach 8 is used to rough-machin the groove of the workpiece W using the milling cutter 6, and then to cut the broach with the broach 8. It is used for processing.

Even if such a special-purpose machine is incorporated into the above-mentioned medium-sized, medium-volume production line, changing the broaching process due to changes in workpieces becomes a bottleneck. In addition, if the broaching machine Z device is adapted to the type of workpiece, the equipment cost will increase, and the processing machine will have play in operation, resulting in poor efficiency.

<Object of the invention> The object of the present invention is to make a broach rotatable and detachable from the main shaft of a machine tool capable of phasing at a constant angular position, and to perform broaching with an NC-dedicated machine having an automatic tool change function. This makes it possible to eliminate the need for a dedicated broaching machine.

<Structure of the Invention> The broaching method according to the present invention is a processing method using a broach that is rotatable and detachable from the main shaft of a machine tool that can be phased at a constant angular position, the cutting edge of the broach being detachable from the main shaft of a machine tool. The angular phase of the broach is regulated so that the axis is parallel to the cutting feed axis perpendicular to the main axis, and the workpiece and the main axis are moved relative to each other in the direction of the cutting feed axis to cut a surface parallel to the cutting edge of the broach. It is.

The structure of the broach according to the present invention is a broach provided on a tool holder that is removably inserted into the tip of a main spindle of a machine tool, the broach holder being parallel to a plane orthogonal to the axis at the tip of the tool holder. and cut the cutting edge Y along two sides parallel to each other, sandwiching the axis of this broach holder.
This is what was installed.

<Embodiments> Examples of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 3 to 9. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 10 denotes an NC-only machine that is rotatable and has a main shaft that can be positioned at a constant angular phase, and has a tool exchange function. That is, a column 12 that can be fed and moved in the X and Z axis directions is provided on the bed 11, and this column 12 is equipped with a spindle head 13Y that can be fed and moved in the Y axis direction, and this spindle head 13 is rotatable. , and has a main shaft 14 that can be positioned at a constant angular phase. A holding stand 17 movable in biaxial directions is provided on the magazine base 16, and a tool magazine 18 is held on this holding stand 17 so as to be indexable and rotatable. Reference numeral 15 indicates a jig base, and 19 indicates a guide for changing tools.

The broaching method of the present invention uses a broach 20 that is stored in the tool magazine 18 and is removably attached to the main shaft 14 in the NC-only machine 10 as described above (the specific configuration is shown in FIGS. 4 to 6). (described later), brooch I
The angular phase of broaching is regulated (the specific configuration will be described later) so that the cutting edges 21α, 21b are parallel to the cutting feed axis (X-axis direction) perpendicular to the main shaft 14, and the direction of the cutting feed axis is The workpiece and the spindle 14 are moved relative to each other by t,
This is for cutting a surface parallel to the broaching cutting edges 21g, 21.

Next, the configuration of broaching according to the present invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6.

The tool magazine 18 is removable from the main spindle 14.
At the tip of the tool holder ρ, which can be stored in a The cutting blades 4α, 21hY are fixed along two parallel sides of the broach holder, sandwiching the axis l of the broach holder. B shows the pull stud.

The cutting edges 21α and 21j of the broach (A) are parallel to the cutting feed axis (X-axis direction) that is orthogonal to the main shaft 14.
As a means for regulating the angular phase of broaching, see Fig. 4.
As shown in Figures 5 and 7, there is a detent 3 on the back of the broach holder whose axis is parallel to the axis of the tool holder n.
It has a structure in which a bottle engaging member 31a protrudes 1' and is fixed to the front end surface of the spindle head 13, with which the rotation stopper I engages.

Broaching with the tool configured as described above enables broaching with the NC-only machine 10 shown in FIG.

That is, the tool magazine 18 stores several types of broaches 20 corresponding to broaching of various types of workpieces, and the broaches 20' are automatically changed according to the workpieces to be processed.
Insert it into the L' main shaft 14. By inserting this broach 20't' into the main shaft 14, the anti-rotation pin (9) engages with the pin engaging member 31, and the cutting blades 4α, 21b of the broach I
The angular phase is regulated parallel to the cutting feed axis which is orthogonal to the main shaft 14. Broaching is then performed by moving the workpiece and the main shaft relative to each other in the direction of the cutting feed axis.

Broach beauty cutting edges 21α, 21h'%: equidistant from the center of the four axis of the tool holder and parallel to each other, and the interval between the cutting edges is set equal to the dimension between the two facing groove walls of the groove to be machined. In this case, as shown in FIG. 8, two groove walls can be cut simultaneously by a person who moves the workpiece W and the main spindle 14 relative to each other.

Moreover, as shown in FIG. 9, when the distance between the groove walls is larger than the distance between the cutting blades 2 and 2, one of the cutting blades 215! It is also possible to cut 10,000 groove walls Sxw and then cut the other groove wall S2 with the other cutting blade 21b. and,
In this case, the cutting depth of broaching is divided into several times for each machining allowance of the groove walls S1 and S2.
It is also possible to perform repeated cutting by making a reciprocating relative movement B.

<Effects of the Invention> As described above, according to the present invention, broaching can be performed using an NC dedicated machine having an automatic tool exchange function.
There is no need for a conventional dedicated broaching machine, and automatic tool exchange allows you to quickly change the broach that corresponds to the workpiece and perform broaching even when processing a variety of workpieces, so the machine is not idle and is more efficient. This method has the remarkable effect of not only improving productivity through broaching, but also reducing equipment costs and saving space.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a side view of a conventional broaching machine, Figure 2 is a plan view of the same, Figure 3 is a perspective view of an NC machine to which the present invention is applied, and Figure 4 is a front view of a broach according to the present invention. , Fig. 5 is a plan view of the same part, Fig. 6 is a sectional side view of the same part, Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the state in which the angular phase of the broach is regulated to the cutting feed axis when the broach is inserted into the main shaft, Figures 8 and 9
The figure is an explanatory diagram of broaching according to the present invention. 11... bellow)', 12... -column, 13... spindle head, 14... spindle, 18... tool magazine,
Add... Broach, 21α, 21b... Cutting blade, 22-
・・Tool holder, Sae・・・Broach holder, Nod・・Stopping pin, 31・・Pin engagement member.し′ (J of

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) A machining method using a broach that is rotatable and detachable from the main spindle of a machine tool that can be phased at a constant angular position, wherein the cutting edge of the broach is aligned with a cutting feed axis perpendicular to the main spindle. A broaching method characterized by regulating the angular phase of the broach so that they are parallel, relatively moving the workpiece and the main shaft in the direction of the cutting feed axis, and cutting a surface parallel to the cutting edge of the broach. (2) The cutting edges of the broach are a pair of parallel cutting edges equidistant from the axis center of the tool holder, and the distance between the pair of cutting edges is the dimension between the two facing groove walls of the groove to be machined. 2. The broaching method according to claim 1, wherein the broaching method is performed by cutting the two groove walls at the same time. (3) The cutting edges of the broach are a pair of cutting edges parallel to each other along two sides sandwiching the axis center of the tool holder, and one groove wall of the two facing groove walls of the groove to be machined is set as the cutting edge of the broach. The broaching method according to claim 1, wherein one of the pair of cutting blades is cut, and then the other groove wall is cut with the other cutting blade. (4) The broaching method according to claim 3, wherein the cutting depth of the broach is repeatedly cut by cutting each machining allowance of the workpiece groove wall several times. (5) A broach provided on a tool holder that is removably inserted into the tip of the main spindle of a machine tool, the broach holder being parallel to a plane perpendicular to the axis line fixed to the tip of the tool holder; A broach characterized in that cutting blades are disposed along two mutually parallel sides sandwiching the axis of the broach holder.