JPS6188829A - Base material for promoting propagation of algaes and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an algal growth-promoting substrate on which aquatic plants, particularly algae such as seaweed, kelp, and seaweed, can quickly settle and proliferate, and a method for producing the same.

The consumption of marine resources is increasing year by year, and it is said that if marine resources are not artificially reproduced, they will be depleted within about 50 years.

Recently, due to the global trend of resource nationalism, coastal
Considering that many countries have declared their territorial waters as zero nautical miles, the importance of promoting Japan's coastal fisheries is beyond debate, and various measures are being implemented from a national perspective. One of these is the cultivation and multiplication of fish, shellfish, and algae.

Artificial reefs and artificial seaweed beds are used as a method for the artificial production of aquatic plants and animals such as shellfish and algae.For example, artificial reef bodies based on concrete, plastic rubber or steel, natural fibers or synthetic There are artificial seaweed beds using ropes and nets for algae to settle on the fiber surface. By the way, it is desirable to throw these into the sea as they are and have the desired algae grow quickly on the surface of the navel, but there are differences in the growth rate and reproduction amount of the algae depending on the sea area where it is thrown, especially in the case of oligotrophic In the water area, there is almost no expectation that algae will grow attached to the water.

In view of the current situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a substrate for promoting the growth of algae, which allows algae such as seaweed, kelp, and nori to quickly settle and grow even in oligotrophic waters, and a method for producing the substrate. It is something to do.

Several proposals have been made in the past to promote the growth of algae by coating the surfaces of fish reef bodies, seaweed beds, etc. with paints containing nutrients, and the present inventors also With the aim of improving these prior art techniques, a coating composition has already been proposed in JP-A-57-65136 that has a large growth promoting effect on seaweeds, particularly seaweed, 1 kelp, 1 nori, etc.

Furthermore, the present inventors have discovered that the type and proportion of nutritional components blended into the paint greatly influence the proliferation effect, and the unevenness of the coating film surface. We found that an FC coating surface with a large grain size and a suitable surface roughness generally has a much greater growth effect on algae than a smooth coating surface.Based on this, we added a specific particle size to the coating material. JP-A-57-1776'+2;rt'' has already proposed a coating composition that forms a coated surface with appropriate surface roughness by containing nutritional components and the like.

However, as a result of various studies on the above-mentioned algal growth coating films with suitable surface roughness, we found that algae rhizoids can easily cling to them due to the surface roughness, but the surface of the coating film is generally hydrophobic. It has been found that because the rhizomes are sexually active, they have a weak affinity with rhizoids, and rhizoids tend to fall off in water bodies that are subject to strong external forces such as water currents.

Furthermore, as for the nutritional components, those present near the surface of the paint film act effectively, but the nutritional components located deep within the paint film do not exert their effects efficiently.

Therefore, the present inventors conducted intensive research in order to eliminate such defects, and as a result, the objective of the present invention was achieved by making inorganic porous particles protrude from the surface of the coating film containing nutrients that promote the growth of algae. It was done.

That is, the present invention provides: (1) A base material for promoting the growth of algae, characterized in that inorganic porous particles are protruded from the surface of the algae-cultivating paint film containing nutrients that promote the growth of algae.

(2) The base material is coated with an algae-cultivating paint containing nutrients that promote the growth of algae, and inorganic porous particles are adhered to the surface of the paint film before or after the paint film is cured. A method for producing a substrate for promoting the growth of algae.

It is related to.

The features of the present invention are: - Nutrients that promote the growth of algae:
It consists of inorganic porous particles protruding from the surface of the coating film containing nutrients (sometimes abbreviated as "nutrient components").

Since these inorganic porous particles are porous, they have a large surface area, and are generally hydrophilic, so they have an affinity for zoospores, spores, thallus, and germinated bodies existing in water with plant bodies such as rhizoids. The particles are strong and protrude from the painted surface.1 Even if the water flow is strong, the plants hardly fall off the painted surface, and a concave area is formed surrounded by the particles that protrude from the painted surface. , it also has the effect of making it easier for plants to take root. Furthermore, the particles protruding from the paint film form a channel for the nutrient components (often water-soluble) contained in the paint film to elute, and the nutrient components deep in the paint film can also be easily eluted. can result in %
It is now possible to effectively utilize the beneficial components contained in the coating film, and it is also highly economical.

Next, the substrate for promoting growth of algae and the method for producing the same according to the present invention will be specifically explained.

First, in the present invention, the structure of the algae-cultivating paint used to form a coating film containing nutritional components will be explained.

Nutrient algae cultivation paint has nutritional components and vehicle components as its main components, and further contains solid substances other than these two components as necessary.
The nutritional ingredients used in the above-mentioned algae-cultivating paint, which is formulated with plasticizers, include nitrogen-containing substances that are also known as fertilizers for cultivated plants and are effective as nutritional ingredients for algae. Phosphate-containing substance 1 Alkaline metal-containing substance - a substance selected from alkaline earth metal-containing substances, etc. In the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use two or more of these substances in combination. Some of these substances include substances containing two or more of the above atoms, such as lime nitrogen, bone powder, and mineral powder, which simultaneously contain nitrogen, calcium, and trace amounts of other atoms (for example, phosphorus). Included. Specific examples are as follows. In addition, for the sake of convenience, nutritional components containing the above-mentioned atoms at the same time are listed in the names of substances containing one atom.

Nitrogen-containing substances: ammonium sulfate, urea-lime nitrogen, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphorus-metal salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (IIIDTA), chicken dung, cow dung, amino acid salt, guanylurea salt, guanidine salt, oil scum, Glycine 1 urea etc.

Phosphorus-containing substances: lime perphosphate 1 lime perphosphate, lime metaphosphate, ammoniated lime 1 soluble phosphorus fertilizer 1 condensed phosphate, bitter ammonium, etc.

Substances containing alkali metals: □ Potassium chloride 1 Phosphate υ′ 1′ Potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, side grass ash, wood ash gad.

Substances containing alkaline earth metals: Bone meal, fish meal, scale powder, crab shell powder 1 calcium carbonate, etc.

Each of the substances exemplified above is a part of the nutritional content that can be used in the present invention, a fertilizer substance containing each of the above atoms singly or two or more at the same time, or the algae-cultivating paint without any particular limitation. It can be added to the pond.

Among these substances, bone powder, scale powder, crabgrass powder, oil scum, urea, superphosphate lime, ammonium sulfate monolime nitrogen, EDt
One type, preferably two or more types of nutritional components selected from metal i of A, amino acid salts, and condensed phosphates are suitably used in the algae-cultivating paint of the present invention. When using two or more types of nutritional ingredients in combination, there is no particular strict limit on the ratio of these combinations, but based on the total amount of easily water-soluble nutritional ingredients and poorly water-soluble nutritional ingredients, It is preferable to use the former in a proportion of 30 to 70% by weight, and the latter in a proportion of 70 to 30% by weight. Examples of easily water-soluble nutritional ingredients include sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate to urea, and lime superphosphate. Suitable examples of poorly water-soluble nutritional ingredients include oil scum, fish meal, ammonium phosphate, scale powder, bone meal, and water-soluble urea (isobutylidene diurea).

The amount of nutritional components blended in the paint for algae cultivation is such that the total weight content ratio of the nutritional components is 5 to 95% in the non-volatile solid content of the paint.
%, preferably in the range of 20-90%.

In addition, vehicle components used in algae-cultivating paints (e.g., solvent evaporation drying type, monooxidation polymerization type, reaction curing type resins that can form a coating film at room temperature or by baking drying), such as amino resins (such as melamine resin) ) S two-component curing epoxy resin, epoxy ester resin and liquid curing polyurethane resin, oil-free polyester resin, oil-soluble phenol resin (and 1. fusion of this with drying oil), oil-modified alkyd resin monovinyl chloride system resin, chlorinated rubber resin, chlorinated polyethylene resin to chlorinated polypropylene resin) acrylic copolymer resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer resin, vinyl chloride rubinyl isobutyl ether copolymer resin 1 polyolefin type Examples include resins, low acid value processed natural resins (for example, 7'C rosin derivatives), petroleum-based hydrocarbon resins, and one or more selected from these can be used. Some of these resins are liquid themselves, but solid resins are usually dissolved in a solvent and used in the form of a face.

Among the resins listed above, vinyl chloride resin, chlorinated rubber resin, chlorinated polypropylene resin, non-chlorinated polyethylene resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer resin, ethylene-
Vinyl acetate copolymer resin, rosin, etc. are suitable.

In addition, a plasticizer may be added to the algae-cultivating paint if necessary. Examples of plasticizers include phosphoric acid ester (e.g., tricresyl phosphate), chlorinated paraffin (e.g., chlorinated normal paraffin), and phthalic acid. 1 ester (e.g. isodecyl phthalate) 1 polyester resin (e.g. Dainippon Ink & Chemicals Co., Ltd. 1 Polysizer P-29)
), epoxidized oils (e.g. Adeka Gas Chemical Co., Ltd., Adeka Sizer-130F), etc. One or two or more types of fc are used.1 The blending amount of these plasticizers is 100 parts by weight of the vehicle component, 5o by weight. below.

The solid substances that can be added to the algae-cultivating paint as necessary to control the rate of nutrient elution and improve the water resistance and mechanical strength of the paint film are: 1 solvent for the paint (1 water, 1 organic solvent) 1
Things that are incompatible with vehicle components, such as wood chips, straw scraps, plastic powder, rubber powder, concrete grains, sand, glass grains, ceramic shards, silica powder, pumice, zeolite, extender pigment, titanium white, slag, etc. metal particles, etc. These solid substances are preferably in the form of granules, rods, or powders, and their maximum length is preferably 151 or less, and the appropriate amount of these solid substances is 200 parts by weight or less per 100 parts by weight of the vehicle component. There is. The solid material forms a 'fc coating) whose surface is covered by a vehicle component.

In addition, the algae-cultivating paint contains 1 well-known solvents (water, organic Of course, 1 additive (solvent), 1 curing accelerator, 1 coloring pigment, etc. can also be used.

Further, the paint can be easily produced by mixing the above-mentioned components and using a known dispersion method (for example, Pebble Mill, Paint Shaker 1 Day Silver, etc.).

Next, it is preferable that the surface of the inorganic porous particles protruding from the surface of the algae-cultivating paint is hydrophilic, and the particle size is not particularly strict.
f) If it is smaller than cLO5m, it will be difficult to make it protrude, and the effect of supporting the settlement of underwater plants will be reduced, and at the same time, there is a risk that the elution of nutritional components in the coating film will decrease. When the size increases, it becomes difficult to stably protrude from the coating surface.1 Moreover, it becomes easy to fall off.1 Hydrophilic inorganic porous particles that can be used in the present invention include, for example, pumice, zeolite, sand, concrete particles, etc. Examples include gas particles, porcelain shards, 1 silica powder, clay, feldspar, talc, tancal, 1 part scale powder, 1 part crab shell powder, etc. And it is preferable for the particles to be.

Next, a method for producing a substrate for promoting the growth of algae according to the present invention will be explained.

The substrate on which the above-mentioned algae-cultivating paint is applied includes, for example, 1
Examples include artificial reefs made of stone, concrete, plastic, and rubber, wood, metal, and composites of two or more of these materials, and artificial seaweed beds made of nets and ropes made of natural fibers, synthetic fibers, etc.

Then, after subjecting these substrates to a suitable surface treatment as required, the above-mentioned algae-cultivating paint is applied. The coating is carried out by, for example, brush painting, troweling, spray painting, electrostatic painting, dip painting, etc., and the thickness of the paint film is 50 μm to 3 cm, even if it is a dry film! R is suitable.

Next, 1. To make inorganic porous particles protrude from the surface of the coating film 1. For example, 1. After painting as described above, before the coating film dries and hardens and is still sticky, inorganic porous particles are added to the surface of the coating film. After scattering, spraying, pressing, etc., the particles can be made to protrude from the surface of the coating by curing the coating. As an alternative method, after drying and curing the above coating film, the inorganic porous particles can be fixed to the coating film in the same manner as above.In this method, the coating film is heated in advance. If it is softened, it can be easily fixed.

In the present invention, the ratio of the inorganic porous particles that are made to protrude from the surface of the algae-cultivating paint is preferably 20 to 9911 of the area of the paint surface, and the height of the tips of the particles to be projected from the paint surface is Fi1.
0 μ to 5 mm is preferable. Preferably, the inorganic porous particles protruding from the coating surface are exposed, and the porous portions of the particles are in communication with the nutritional components in the coating.

Furthermore, if the substrate for promoting the growth of algae obtained as described above is attached to the coating surface of the substrate before being immersed in water or the sea, algae can be grown even in oligotrophic waters. can be rapidly multiplied. That is,
In oligotrophic waters, there are few plants that can grow into algal leaves due to reproductive growth. However, if plants are attached in advance as described above, such defects can be overcome. There are several methods for attaching the plant to the painted surface, such as smearing, spraying,
It can be attached by a coating method such as a dipping method, or it can be attached by winding a seed thread on which plants have previously grown in a culture tank around the coated surface.

Furthermore, it is also possible to attach the leaves to the painted surface.

Substrates for promoting the growth of algae according to the present invention include rocks, stones, and shells that naturally exist in seawater, artificially installed stakes made of wood, bamboo, and iron, and ropes made of synthetic fibers. It can be used as a base material for propagation of a wide range of algae, such as green algae, brown algae, and red algae, which grow and flourish on substrates such as copper, regardless of whether they are grown in the open sea or in the inner bay.

Currently, in the edible algae such as nori, kelp, wakame, mozuku, and aonori that are artificially cultivated in fishing grounds, zoospores, chlospores, and neutral spores are used as seedlings for cultivation, depending on the type of S-algae. ~Each type of algae is grown on a substrate such as a net, using an artificial cultivation method that is appropriate for the physiology and ecology of each type of algae.

For example, in the case of nori, the fruit spores released from the adult nori thallus at the end of the previous year's cultivation (February to March) are stored in shell filaments made by perforating the shells of scallops, oysters, 1 snail, etc., or indoors. Artificially cultured free filaments were transplanted to shells, and the shell filaments were artificially cultured in seawater in a land aquarium for a certain period of time (from March to the end of September). The shell spores released from the body attach to the seaweed net in seawater. The shell spores attached to the seaweed net grow through repeated cell division while absorbing nearby nutrients in seawater, and 4 to 6 weeks after collection of one seedling, the length reaches approximately 15 m and one can be picked out. It is processed into a sheet of glue. In addition, after 10 to 14 days of nori that has adhered to the nori net and germinated in seawater, neutral spores are formed at the tip of the young leaflet or the margin of the young leaflet.
Then, the neutral spores released into seawater are similar to the chospores,
It attaches to the nori net and grows by repeating cell division while absorbing nearby nutrients. In this way, sprouts are regularly deposited on the Nori net, and when the picking begins, the Nori net shows that there are 1.
The lower buds of 3 to 4 are epiphytic, and 1 and the vicinity of α8 to 1c are attached.
As the young leaves of rn grow, algae grow in stages, absorbing nutrients from their surrounding areas.
Grows sequentially. Therefore, it is essential that nutrients are constantly replenished near the seaweed net where the leaves growing at each stage are attached, but the concentration of nutrients in the fishing grounds where aquaculture is carried out is
As a result, tidal fishing grounds or fishing grounds with large tidal differences are more advantageous in replenishing nutrients, and the reality is that high-quality seaweed production is limited by the type of fishing ground. .

Next, using kelp as an example, in autumn, yellow-brown single-ascus spots are formed on the surface of kelp leaves growing in seawater, and a large number of migratory cells are generated within each electron spot and mature in late autumn. 1) Artificially cultivated kelp is released as zoospores into seawater, and the zoospores are attached to a substrate such as a rope (2 to 5 diameter cotton yarn or twisted thread made of synthetic fiber) in a land aquarium. After germination, male and female gametophytes are formed, and after fertilization, seedlings are obtained.The substrate on which the seedlings are attached is then cut into suitable lengths of 5 to 10 holes and placed in a fishing area for kelp cultivation. Although they are cultivated in facilities, the size of the juveniles at the time they are released to the fishing grounds has a large effect on their subsequent growth and quality, so it is important to ensure that the juveniles are grown sufficiently large before being released to the fishing grounds to promote their subsequent growth. This is the key point for aquaculture. Therefore, optimum management is required during the period when seedlings are kept in land aquariums before being sent to fishing grounds, and there is a particular need for seedlings that have a high concentration of nutrients in seawater. Of course, it goes without saying that the concentration of nutrient components in the surrounding area will always be at an appropriate concentration even after the fish is released to the fishing grounds.

Next, using seaweed as an example, zoospores are released from sporangia formed on adult leaves that have passed their peak growth period from winter to early spring.
2-5 Seed on a substrate such as cotton thread or twisted thread made of synthetic fibers, germinate, form male and female gametophytes, and after fertilization,
Obtain young seaweed leaves on a rope substrate. 1. Next, cut the substrate on which the young leaves are attached to a length of 5 to 10 L:rR.
Seaweed is cultivated in a seaweed cultivation facility set up at the fishing ground, but like kelp, the size of the young seaweed at the time it is sent to the fishing ground has a large impact on its subsequent growth and quality. The basis of wakame farming is to grow as large as possible before farming begins. Therefore, during the seedling period in land aquariums, appropriate management that increases the concentration of nutrient components is necessary.

As mentioned above, seaweed, kelp, and wakame are representative examples of the algae that are currently being artificially cultivated.As for these edible algae, from seedling collection to seedling raising, and finally to full-scale cultivation, It is necessary to grow these algae in the best aquaculture environment, including management of nutrient content in seawater at 4 degrees Celsius, but at present, the nutrient content in seawater at natural fishing grounds varies depending on the season at each fishing ground. However, the absolute concentration of these algae is often less than the optimal concentration of nutrients required by these algae. Therefore, the concentration of nutrients in the seawater near these algae that are cultivated at high density at the beginning of artificial cultivation is In fact, the nutritional content of seawater is even lower than that of seawater.Natural currents alone are insufficient to replenish the nutritional content, so these algae often suffer from nutritional deficiencies (growth stagnation, etc.).

There is an increasing need to replenish nutrients through fertilization as this causes problems such as a decrease in body color. However, at present, an efficient fertilization method has not been perfected. As a result, the nutritional components are diluted or washed away by the current, and temporarily increasing the nutritional components in the seawater uniformly will prevent the growth of the desired algae. As a result, the productivity and quality of the target algae may be significantly reduced.

On the other hand, the substrate for cultivating algae according to the present invention contains a nutritional composition that best suits the physiological needs of various algae, and moreover, the elution rate of ~nutrient components in seawater is controlled, so that it is suitable for the purpose. It is possible to increase the concentration of nutrients only in the vicinity of the growth of algae that are harmful to harmful diatoms, making it possible to fertilize continuously on a daily basis under the optimum concentration of nutrients. It does not promote the abnormal growth of green algae, etc., and has a high contribution rate to the growth of algae, which is one of the objectives, and has a large economic effect.

The superiority of the method of the present invention will be specifically explained below with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. In addition, the formulation numbers in the Examples indicate parts by weight.

■Production example of paint for algae cultivation ゛(1) Paint A Vinyl tetrachloride-based fallen fat (manufactured by Union Carbide Co., USA,
(Product name: Vinylai) VAGH, acid value 0) 30 parts and chlorinated Tsukurahuin (manufactured by Adeka Argus, Adeka E45)
0) Dissolve 10 parts in 70 parts of xylene, then add 1 part to 2 parts of sodium nitrate.
5 parts, oil scum 25 parts, zeolite 30 parts and talc 2 parts
0 parts was added and uniformly dispersed using a paint shaker to produce an i-method paint.

(2) Paint B 50 parts of vinyl chloride resin (Vinyrite VAGH) and 10 parts of chlorinated paraffin were dissolved in a mixed solvent consisting of 80 parts of xylene and 80 parts of methyl ethyl ketone,
Next, 18 parts of sodium nitrate, 30 parts of miscellaneous water-soluble urea (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation, slightly water-soluble urea), and 50 parts of zeolite were added and dispersed in a paint shaker to produce a paint for algae cultivation.

(3) Paint C: Dissolve 35 parts by weight of chlorinated polypropylene (trade name: Suit-Clone LP, manufactured by Deyu Kokusaku Pulp Co., Ltd.) in a solvent consisting of 80 parts of xylene and 40 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone,
Next, 50 parts by weight of zeolites, 40 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate, and 40 parts by weight of bitter ammonium were uniformly dispersed in a paint shaker to produce a paint for culture.

Example! and Comparative Example (2) The above paints A to B were applied to four vinyl chloride resin rods each having a diameter of 2 inches and a length of 70 points by a dip coating method. The amount of each coating was 1.5 f per coat.

Two of the painted vinyl chloride resin rods were left to dry at room temperature, and the remaining two were soaked with pumice (manufactured by Silver Sankurisha, Particle size: 500 to 600μ) was scattered and allowed to adhere. The amount of spraying was about α5r/tree.

Test Results Eight vinyl chloride resin rods coated as described above were placed in a beaker containing 2 tons of seawater (sterilized) mixed with spores released from oyster shell filaments through low-temperature, short-day treatment.
It was soaked for 1 minute to allow the spores to adhere. Thereafter, each of the 8 rods was taken out and left to stand in a beaker containing seawater for 4 hours to allow plants to grow on it.

Next, place two 16 rods each in a beaker containing 1 ton of seawater (
4 pieces) and cultured algae.

The culture conditions were 119℃15 (j
OOI+uX s 13 hours day - 11 hours night.

The culture results are shown in Table 1, and the effects of the present invention were remarkable.

Table 1 Example ■ and Comparative Example ■ Two vinyl chloride resin pipes each having an outer diameter of 5 cm and a length of 50 cm were coated with the paints A, B, and C. The coating film thickness was 400 μm, including the dry coating film.

From there, one pipe at a time was taken out, and while each coating was still undried and sticky, I added a powder of powder C with a particle size of 500.
~2000μ) was sprayed and adhered to the coated surface (spraying amount: 65f/piece), and the remaining pipes were dried as they were at room temperature.

Test results Wakame buds collected from Enoshima coast were air-dried for 4 hours and then reduced to %2.
I put it in 0 tons of seawater, and after 1 hour I confirmed that 1 zoospore had come out, and then I submerged the pipes (6 pieces) for 30 minutes to allow the spores to settle. The resulting pipe was immersed in seawater at a depth of 2 m off the coast of Chikura, Chiba Prefecture for 3 tons for 1 month from March 24, 1980, to examine the growth effect of 1 wakame seaweed. The results were as follows.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A base material for promoting the growth of algae, characterized by having inorganic porous particles protruding from the surface of the algae-cultivating paint film containing nutrients that promote the growth of algae. (2) Applying an algae-cultivating paint containing nutrients that promote the growth of algae to a base material, and fixing inorganic porous particles to the surface of the paint film before or after the paint film is cured. A method for producing a substrate for promoting the growth of algae.