JPS62236896A - Method of lubrication in cold drawing of iron and its alloy - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To attain seizing prevention, thereby improving work efficiency, the the use of a lubricating oil having a predetermined viscosity and comprising a base oil, a sulfur-contg. high-pressure additive of low-temp. decomposable type and a thickening agent in the cold drawing process in which the decrease ratio in cross-sectional area exceeds a particular value. CONSTITUTION:A lubricating oil having a viscosity of 100-5,000cP at 40 deg.C is prepd. by blending 10-60wt% base oil (e.g., rape seed oil), 60-100wt% sulfur- contg. high-pressure additive of low-temp. decomposable type, i.e. a dialkyl polysulfide and 35wt% or less thickening agent (e.g., polymethacrylate). Then, a wire or pipe made of iron or its alloy is washed with an acid, followed by lubricating treatment using the above-mentioned lubricating oil, and subjected to cold drawing so as to allow the decrease ratio in cross-sectional area to 30% or more. Further addition of a sulfur-contg. high-pressure additive of high- temp. decomposable type (e.g., sulfurized lard oil) to the lubricating oil enables the effective lubrication of the lubricating oil to be maintained even at high temps.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method of lubricating a wire or tube made of iron or an alloy thereof using a lubricating oil during cold drawing.

[Prior Art] In cold drawing of iron or its alloy, lubrication is necessary to reduce friction and wear between the mold tool and the metal material and to prevent scratches due to seizure.

Conventionally, when cold drawing wires or tubes made of iron or its alloys, when the degree of drawing is high (section reduction rate of 30% or more), a phosphate film is chemically formed on the surface of the steel material and a stone t is applied on top of it.
A lubrication treatment method using J treatment has been mainly used. Phosphate treatment is usually performed at 75 to 85°C, but in recent years, reducing energy consumption has become an important issue, and low-temperature treatment y1! Drug development is underway. However, it is difficult to reduce the humidity of the treatment liquid because it reduces its reactivity with the surface of the steel material.
At present, the temperature limit is 50 to 60°C. In addition, soap treatment is also performed at 75 to 85°C, which consumes a large amount of energy. The phosphate treatment process has eight steps as shown in Table 1 below, and the treatment time is long.

Table 1 Phosphate treatment process In addition, in the case of high-grade finishing, it is necessary to improve the surface grade of the product after cold working, but phosphate treatment corrodes the surface of the steel material due to a chemical reaction. Difficult to improve surface grade.

Therefore, when trying to improve the surface grade, extreme pressure additives,
For example, lubricating oils containing sulfurized mineral oil, sulfurized fatty acid, sulfurized fat (Ta yellow content 10-20%), dibenzyl sulfide, and polyphenylene sulfide are used as sulfur-based lubricants. Although wire drawing or tube drawing is possible at high working degrees, there is a problem in that at high working degrees, the strength of the oil film is insufficient and burning occurs, resulting in scratches on mold tools and workpiece materials.

[Problem to be Solved by the Invention 1] The present invention aims to save energy and shorten the treatment process in the cold drawing lubrication treatment process for wires or tubes made of iron or its alloys with a high working degree (section reduction rate of 30% or more). The purpose is to improve the surface grade of the workpiece after cold working.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention can achieve the above object by treating the culms shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2 TIU smooth egg processing process to which the present invention is applied The first aspect is that the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil processing process in the above table contains 10 to 60% by weight of base oil and a low-temperature thinning decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive. 1
By mixing 0 to 60% by weight and 35% by weight or less of a thickener,
A lubricating oil adjusted to have a viscosity of 100 to 5000 cp at 0°C is used. Examples of the base oil include mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils, synthetic oils, and fatty acids.

Examples of mineral oils include machine oil, and examples of fats and oils include rapeseed oil, lard oil, vegetable oil, castor oil, beef tallow, and the like. Examples of fatty acids include animal and vegetable fatty acids and synthetic fatty acids, and specific examples include caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and lucic acid. Examples of synthetic oils include dioquidyl sebacate and pentaerythritol derivatives.

As a thickener, the average molecular weight is 5,000 to 300.00.
0 polyisobutylene system, average molecular distance 10,000-1
．． 000,000 years old reflexine copolymer system (ethylene-propylene-butylene system), average molecular ffi 20.00
0 to 1.500,000 polymethacrylate systems.

Preferred is a polymethacrylic one-note system.

As the polymethacrylate, one or more selected from polymethacrylates having the general formula -.

The polar group in the above structural formula is diethylaminoethyl methacrylate-h (I>, 2-methyl-
Examples include amines such as 5-vinylpyridine (I), amide polyalkylene glycol esters (IV) such as N-vinylpyrrolidinone (I[[), and maleic anhydride (V). The dialkylpolysalphide as a low humidity decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive in the present invention uses trimers, tetramers, and pentamers of propylene as the alkyl group, and 3 to 8 molecules of sulfur are added thereto. It is a reaction. The general formula is Ry
-(S)x-Rz. The sulfur content in this compound is preferably 25 to 50% by weight, and the ratio of propylene to sulfur is shown in Table 3 below.

Table 3 - A second invention adds a high temperature decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive to the lubricating oil component of the first invention.

In other words, 10-60% by weight of base oil, 10-60% by weight of low humidity decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive, 20-60% by weight of high-temperature type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive, and 35% or less of thickener are mixed. It is a lubricating oil whose viscosity is adjusted to 100 to 5.0 OOcp at 40°C.

The high temperature decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive is based on sulfurized oils and fats,
Examples of oils and fats include vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil and cottonseed oil, and animal oils such as lard oil, beef tallow, pine kola oil, and orange roughy oil, and the sulfur content is 10 to 20% by weight.

A third invention is characterized in that talc powder (350 me
shpass) is added.

10-60% by weight of base oil, 10-60% by weight of low-temperature decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive, 20-60% by weight of high-temperature decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive, and 10-40% by weight of talc. It is a lubricating oil whose viscosity is adjusted to 100 to 5.0 OOcp at 40°C.

Talc is a compound of 5tO2 and M(10), and the particle size is preferably 350 mesh pass, and the average particle size is 10μ.
The following is good.

The pickling solution in the present invention is a 5-20% sulfuric acid aqueous solution, 5-20% sulfuric acid aqueous solution,
A 20% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, a 5-20% S/V acid aqueous solution, etc. are used. The pickling solution temperature is 35 to 60°C for a sulfuric acid aqueous solution, room temperature to 40°C for a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and 35°C for a phosphoric acid aqueous solution.
It is used at ~60℃, and the treatment time is necessary to remove metal and scale from the surface of the object to be treated, but it is usually 10 to 30℃.
Perform 0 minute immersion.

The neutralizing liquid in the present invention includes 0.2-5% caustic soda aqueous solution, 0.2-5% sodium carbonate aqueous solution, 0.2-5% 1a
M soda aqueous solution, 0.2-5% sodium phosphate aqueous solution, 0
．． A 2-10% lime aqueous solution or the like is used. Processing temperature is room temperature ~
Use at 90°C and soak for 5 seconds to 5 minutes.

The lubricating oil is applied by dipping, pouring, spraying, or the like.

[Function] The base oil in the lubricating oil of the present invention has an effect on slip properties, and if the blending ratio is less than 10% by weight, the slip properties decrease, which is not good.

Moreover, if it exceeds 60%, other components will be reduced, resulting in a decrease in seizure resistance, which is not good. Preferably 10-30%
and rapeseed oil is preferred.

The effect of the thickener is that the higher the viscosity, the more easily the lubricating oil is carried between the tool and the workpiece, and the slipperiness and seizure resistance are also improved.

If the viscosity is less than 100 Cp at 40°C, the amount of lubricating oil brought into the gap between the shellfish and the workpiece may be small.This is not good, so a thickener is mixed in.

If the viscosity is higher than 5,000 cp at 40°C, the amount of lubricating oil will increase and the lubricity will improve, but the applicability to the material and handling will become difficult and workability will decrease.
not good. The preferred amount of the thickener added is 10 to 25% by weight, and the weight and viscosity are preferably 500 to 1°500 cp at 40°C. In the boundary lubrication area between the tool and the workpiece, the oil film becomes thinner and the temperature is high, making it more likely to seize. For this reason, a sulfur-based extreme pressure additive is used to form a film of FeS, Fe25, etc. with low shear force on the surface of the workpiece to prevent seizure. If the conditions for cold processing are mild (e.g., slow processing speed, low processing degree, etc.), the temperature of the ItJ surface that is added to the liquid will not rise, so an extreme pressure additive that decomposes and reacts at low temperatures is required1. .

The decomposition temperature of the dialkyl polysulfide as the low temperature decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive in the first invention is 160
~280°C, with maximum decomposition occurring at 230°C. Therefore, a compound of iron and sulfur is formed in the low temperature range of 160 to 230°C.

The higher the sulfur content, the better the reactivity between dialkyl sulfide and iron, and the better is the sulfur content of 25% by weight or more in the molecule. If the sulfur content in the molecule is less than 25% by weight, the reactivity with iron decreases at low temperatures, making it easy to seize. Moreover, if it exceeds 50% by weight, the compound becomes unstable, which is not good.

If the blending ratio of dialkyl polysulfide in the lubricating oil is less than 10% by weight, the amount of Fe8%Fe25 produced is small and seizure is likely to occur. Moreover, if it exceeds 60% by weight, the bad odor becomes strong, the working environment deteriorates, and the workability decreases. Preferably it is 30 to 50% by weight.

In the second invention, by using a low-temperature decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive and a high-temperature decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive, it is possible to cover the lubrication from the low temperature to the high temperature surface area. The prevention of sticking has become much better.

In other words, when the cold working condition is strength (fast machining speed, high degree of machining, etc.), the surface temperature of the workpiece increases, so low-temperature decomposition type sulfur is introduced between the tool and the workpiece. Extreme pressure additives are decomposed before they reach the interface of iron or its alloys, making them less effective. 'Thus, by using a high-temperature decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive, it has become possible to effectively smooth lubrication even at high temperatures.

The decomposition temperature of sulfurized fats and oils as high-temperature decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additives is in the range of 220 to 360°C, and 280°C.
The largest amount decomposes at high temperatures to form iron and sulfur compounds.

A good sulfur content ratio in the molecule is 10 to 20% by weight, and the higher the sulfur content, the better the reactivity with iron.

If the blending ratio of the high temperature decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive in the lubricating oil is less than 20% by weight, FeS, Fe
Because the amount of 25 produced is small, it causes seizure and cracks. 60% by weight
Exceeding this will result in a strong odor and reduced workability. Preferably it is 25-45% by weight.

The addition of other extreme pressure additives (P, CJ) is not prohibited.

A third invention is to add talc to the composition except for the thickeners of the first and second inventions.

Talc acts as a solid lubricant, and is brought between the shell and the workpiece to prevent direct contact and improve seizure resistance.

Since this is an inorganic compound, it does not decompose even at high temperatures, so it is particularly effective in high temperature regions. Also, this formulation increases the viscosity, so there is no need to use a thickener.

If the blending ratio of talc is less than 10%, the viscosity will also decrease,
In addition, ■ the effect of preventing contact between the shellfish and the processed material is low.

If it exceeds 40%, the viscosity becomes too high and workability decreases, which is not good.

Preferably it is 20-30%. Also, the addition of solid lubricants other than talc is not discouraged.

Examples 1 to 3 A seamless pipe of 5IIJ-2 was cold drawn using the lubricating oil shown in Table 5 and under the drawing conditions shown in Table 4.

As a result, as shown in Table 8, there was no seizure of the pipe, the lubricity was good, and the surface roughness of the pipe after handling was low, making it suitable for high-grade finishing.

Table-4 Handling conditions Table-5 Lubricating oil composition (unit duplex weight percent) 1 16 1 Example 4 to 6 The drawing of S-70C high carbon steel wire rod using each of the lubricants shown in Table 5 is shown below. -6 wire drawing conditions were used. As shown in Table 9, this result shows that the wire drawing condition for the third pass was 1.88.
No seizure occurred even when the diameter was changed from φ to 1.72φ (16%), and the lubricity was good in all cases.

Table-6 Wire drawing condition comparison examples 1 to 2 Using the lubricant shown in Table-7, 5UJ-2 similar to Example 1
A seamless pipe was subjected to cold drawing under the drawing conditions shown in Table 4. As shown in Table 9, seizure of the die occurred.

Comparative Examples 3 to 6 Using the lubricants having the compositions shown in Table 7, the same S
-70G high carbon steel wire rod was drawn according to the wire properties shown in Table-6.

As shown in Table 9, burn-in occurred in the third pass after the second pass. In particular, in Comparative Example 6, image sticking occurred at the 12th pass.

Table-7 Comparative lubricating oil composition (!11th place: Heavy Lifting Military Cent) 1 19 - Table-8 Cold drawing processing table-9 Wire drawing test NG: Occurrence of seizure [Effects of the invention] As explained above, the present invention According to the lubrication method, the oil film strength is sufficient and seizure does not occur even during cold drawing when the cross-sectional reduction rate of wire or pipe is 30% or more, and the processing process and processing time are significantly shortened, improving work efficiency. It has various excellent effects, such as greatly increasing the amount of water and allowing the treatment liquid, ie, the lubricating oil composition, to be used at room temperature, which greatly contributes to energy saving.

Furthermore, even if the area reduction rate exceeds 30% and is cold worked,
Since the surface roughness does not decrease and the material does not corrode, it also has the excellent effect of improving the surface quality of treated products.

Patent applicant Nippon Pariki Rising Co., Ltd. Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.

Claims (7)

[Claims] (1) When a wire or tube made of iron or its alloy is cold drawn to a cross-sectional reduction rate of 30% or more, the wire or tube is pickled and then treated with 10 to 60% by weight of base oil at a low temperature. Mixing 10 to 60% by weight of dialkyl polysulfide, which is a decomposable sulfur-based extreme pressure additive, and 35% by weight or less of a thickener,
Viscosity is 100-5000 centipoise (cp) at 40℃
1. A cold drawing lubrication method for iron or its alloy, characterized by using a lubricating oil adjusted to (2) When cold drawing a wire or tube made of iron or its alloy to a cross-section reduction rate of 30% or more, after pickling the wire or tube, add 10 to 60% by weight of base oil and a low-temperature decomposition type. Dialkyl polysulfide 10, a sulfur-based extreme pressure additive
~60% by weight, high temperature decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive 20~
Mix 60% by weight and 35% by weight or less of a thickener, and heat at 40°C.
1. A method for cold drawing lubrication of iron or its alloy, characterized by using a lubricating oil adjusted to have a viscosity of 100 to 5000 centipoise. (3) When cold drawing a wire or tube made of iron or its alloy to a cross-section reduction rate of 30% or more, after pickling the wire or tube, add 10 to 60% by weight of base oil and a low-temperature decomposition type. Dialkyl polysulfide 10, a sulfur-based extreme pressure additive
~60% by weight, high temperature decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive 20~
60% by weight and talc powder (350 mesh pass) 10
~40% by weight is mixed to give a viscosity of 100~50 at 40°C.
A method for cold drawing lubrication of iron or its alloy, characterized by using a lubricating oil adjusted to have a lubricating oil of 0.00 centipoise. (4) The base oil of the lubricating oil component is selected from mineral oils, animal and vegetable oils, synthetic oils, higher fatty acids, etc. Claims 1, 2, and 3 Cold drawing lubrication method for iron or its alloy as described. (5) The general formula of dialkyl polysulfide, which is a low temperature decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additive for lubricating oil components, is as follows: R_y-(S)_x-R_z In the formula, R represents a propylene group, and y and z is 3 to 5, and sulfur (S) is reacted with this, and the amount of x is 3
8. The cold drawing lubrication method for iron or its alloy according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the sulfur content is 25% to 50% by weight. (6) High-temperature decomposition type sulfur-based extreme pressure additives for lubricating oil components are sulfurized oils and fats. Vegetable oils include rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, etc., and animal oils include lard oil, beef tallow, and orange roughy oil (fish oil). 3. A method for cold drawing lubrication of iron or its alloy according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the sulfur content is 10 to 20% by weight. (7) The thickening agent of the lubricating oil component is polyisobutylene, olefin copolymer, polymethacrylate, etc. Cold processing of iron or its alloy according to claims 1 and 2 Pull-out lubrication method.