JPS6233593B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a method for allocating keyboard switch information that is simple and quick in processing time for keyboard instruments that generate musical tones through digital processing, polyphonic synthesizers that generate musical tones through analog processing, and the like. Conventionally, in these electronic keyboard instruments, providing musical tone generation means corresponding to each switch on the keyboard, as is usually done with analog processing musical tone generation systems, would unnecessarily complicate the system and make it impractical. The composition is far from that. To solve this problem, it is common practice to limit the number of simultaneous sounds to an extent that does not impose restrictions on the performer. In other words, a desired musical tone is obtained by storing keyboard switch information by an allocation device in an allocation memory provided corresponding to the number of musical tone generating means prepared for simultaneous generation. In order to put such an allocation device into practical use, integrated circuits (ICs) are used instead of assemblies of many individual parts, and in order to reduce the cost by mass producing these devices, they are used in a wide variety of electronic keyboard instruments. It is desirable that it can be used in common. However, in general, in electronic keyboard instruments, the number of keyboard switches and the number of keyboard stages both increase as the model becomes larger, and decrease as the model becomes smaller. That is, the number of keyboard switches ranges from 61, 49, 44, 37, 25, and 13, and the number of keyboard stages ranges from 1 to 3 or more. If the same allocation device is applied to these devices, it will result in extremely high redundancy, although it may improve economic efficiency. Furthermore, there is a large difference in performance ability between players on large models and players on small models, and it is desirable to set limits on the number of simultaneous notes according to each ability. It was impossible to apply the allocation device. On the other hand, since the algorithm for the allocation device has not been established at present, the designed and manufactured allocation device may later impose unexpected constraints on the performer, and the allocation method may often have to be changed. There is a risk of complete destruction. Therefore, it is desired to realize an allocation device that can easily set the number of simultaneous sounds. Furthermore, in digitally processed keyboard instruments, the musical sound envelope generator is also digitally processed, so when the sound stops, that is, after the key is pressed and the percussion sound begins, the musical sound gradually decays and the sound stops. It is easy to generate a release end signal that indicates the point at which the release end signal is to be released, and this signal can be used to erase the keyboard switch information in the corresponding assignment device. In many cases, in order to generate a release end signal, it is necessary to prepare as many analog comparators as the number of simultaneous polyphonic sounds to determine whether the musical tone envelope has reached a level indicating that sound generation has stopped, which poses a large economic burden. For this reason, there has been a need for an assignment method that does not require feedback from the tone envelope generator to the assignment device, in other words, does not require a release end signal. An object of the present invention is to provide a keyboard switch information assignment method that allows the number of simultaneous sounds to be easily changed and set using a simple configuration and procedure, and does not require any feedback signals from a tone envelope generator. In order to achieve the above object, the keyboard switch information allocation method of the present invention detects whether each key switch on the keyboard is turned on or off, and has a key data register that has a channel area equal to the maximum number of simultaneous notes and stores the above key information. , a channel register that specifies the channel area of the key data register when a key is pressed or released, and indicates with a code whether or not the channel is in a sounding state; an on-channel specifying means that resets when the number of channels is reached; and an off-channel specifying means that has the same initial value as the on-channel specifying means, specifies the channel register when the key is released, and resets the channel register when the number of channels is reached; Key data whose address is a key channel code of a channel register specified by the key time on-channel specifying means is stored in the specified channel area of the key data register, and the value of the on-channel specifying means is increased by one. , searches the key data stored in the key data register at the time of key release for the same note name as the key data that was released, and stores the searched key data register in the channel register specified by the off-channel specifying means. The key channel code and key-off information corresponding to the key data are stored, and the value of the off-channel specifying means is increased by one, and the key-released key channel is incremented by one. The key channel code stored in the channel register is designated in the order of the oldest by storing the codes in the channel register in the order of the oldest, and increasing the value of the on-channel specifying means by one when a key is pressed. It is something. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention. In the same figure, a keyboard circuit 10 has six octaves of upper keys and six octaves of lower keys from an assigner 20 which is an assigning device.
Receives a 12-bit sequential pulse signal of an octave and sends pitch name information (12 bits corresponding to C, C#, D, ..., B) corresponding to an arbitrary octave of an arbitrary keyboard to the assigner 20. do. The keyboard circuit 10 includes an upper key 1 as shown in FIG.
1 and a lower key 12, and output port 1 sequentially searches the busbar of the octave using 12 bits corresponding to the octave of each key. And input port 1
The note name information is input sequentially, and the information for which octave of which keyboard is determined based on the number of input note name information. The assigner 20 includes an information processing unit (CPU) 21, a CPU clock generator 22 for driving the CPU, a program memory 23, and an assignment memory 24.
It consists of an event memory 25. The CPU 21 uses one of its internal registers to create a keyboard code and an octave code, increments the value of this register, and outputs the incremented value to the keyboard circuit 10 through the output port 1. The keyboard circuit 10 immediately sends the key information of the specified octave to the assigner 20.
Send to. FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the assigner 20 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and shows its main routine. First, Table 1 shows the data structure of the main part of the event memory 25.

[Table] As shown in the table above, in the event memory 25, each key on the keyboard switch 10 corresponds to a certain bit in this memory area. The initial values of the event memory are all set to "0". When a key is pressed, the corresponding bit in the event memory 25 is set to "1", and when the key is released, it is returned to "0". The note name information from the keyboard circuit 10 is input from the input port 1,
The pitch name information left from the previous scan is compared with the pitch name information of the corresponding keyboard and octave in the stored event memory 25 to check whether there is any change. The change in this case is hereinafter referred to as an event. If the open/closed state of the keyboard switch is different from the previous scan, it means that an event has occurred, and conversely, if there is no change in the open/closed state, it means that no event has occurred. If there is no event, the scanning of the keyboard circuit 10 moves on to the next one. If an event occurs, check whether it is an ON to OFF event or an OFF to ON event, and if
If it goes from OFF to ON, assignment memory 24
Based on the channel code stored in the channel register ₂₄₂ specified by the on-channel pointer ₂₄₄ , the pitch name code and octave code where the event occurred are stored in the key data register ₂₄₁ . In addition, if it is from ON to OFF, it is checked whether the note name code and octave code stored in the key data register ₂₄₁ are the same channel as the note name code and octave code of the key where the event occurred, and the corresponding channel is checked. The address number and key-off information are stored in the channel register ₂₄₂ designated by the off-channel pointer ₂₄₃ . After scanning the upper and lower keys in this way, the key data and key-on/off information of the contents of the assignment memory 24 are transferred to other blocks.
For example, it is transferred to a musical tone envelope generator 31, a musical tone frequency generator 32, a musical sound waveform generator 33, etc. shown by dotted lines in FIG. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the main part of the present invention. First, initial values are set, and key information is input from the designated octave of the keyboard circuit 10. Next, check if there is an event within the specified octave, and if there is not, move on to specify the next octave. If an event occurs at , it is determined whether the event is a key-off event. If it is a key-off event, an initial value is set and a key-off process described later is performed. It is determined whether the key-off processing within the specified octave has been completed or not, and if there are any remaining key-off processings, the process returns to the key-off processing and loops until completion. When the key-off process is completed, it is determined whether there is a key-on event, and if there is no key-on event, the process moves on. Set the initial values when an event occurs,
Determine whether there is an overflow. This overflow is caused by the number of keys being pressed more than the number of simultaneously sounding channels, and the overflow processing is performed. There are various methods for overflow processing, but since they are not directly related to the present invention, their explanations will be omitted. If it is not an overflow, perform the key-on processing described later, and determine whether the processing is completed. If the processing is not completed yet,
Return to and repeat the loop process. Once this process is complete, move on to scan the next octave and repeat the above steps. 4a to 4d show the configuration of the assignment memory 24, which is the main part of the present invention, and FIGS. 5a and 5b are flowcharts showing its operation. 4A to 4D show the key data register 24 ₁ , channel register 24 ₂ , off-channel pointer 24 ₃ and on-channel pointer 24 ₄ of the assignment memory 24, respectively. These perform the on processing and off processing in the flowchart described above. The key data of the key data register ₂₄₁ shown in _{FIG .}
It has a memory area of 8 channels. The channel register ₂₄₂ shown in Figure b consists of 4 bits: ₃ bits of key channel code indicating the address of the key data register 241 and 1 bit of ON/OFF, and has a memory area of 8 channels with address numbers _C0 to _C7 . ing. Figure c shows that when the key is turned off, one of the channels in the key data register is released, and the key data register has a value for storing the released channel number and ON/OFF bit OFF in the channel register. This is the channel pointer ₂₄₃ . d in the same figure stores key data in an open channel of the key data register when the key is turned on, and an on-channel pointer 24 having a value of the channel register indicating which channel is open at this time.
It is ₃ . First, the channel register ₂₄₂ , the off-channel pointer ₂₄₃ , and the on-channel pointer 24.
The initial value settings for on-channel No. ₄ are set as shown in Table 2 (), (), and ().

[Table] Key channel code

[Table] The key on/off processing in such a configuration is shown in the flowcharts of FIGS. 5a and 5b. In the case of the ON process shown in FIG. 4A, the key data of the key turned ON in the keyboard circuit 10 is created according to the format shown in FIG. 4A. Next, the key channel code stored at the address of the channel register 242 in FIG. _4b corresponding to the value of the on-channel pointer ₂₄₄ in FIG. 4d is read. For example, in the case of the first key press, the key channel register ₂₄₂ corresponds to the value "000" of the on-channel pointer 244 _.
Read the key channel code “000” of address number C ₀ , and then set channel register 2.
4 Set the ON/OFF bit of ₂ to “1”. Corresponding to the read key channel code, the key data of the turned-on key is written to the address _D0 of the key data register ₂₄₁ in FIG. 4a. Then, the value of the on-channel pointer ₂₄₄ is increased by 1. Next, in the case of the off process shown in FIG. 5b, the keyboard circuit 10
Create key data for the key that was turned off, and since the released key data is always written to some channel in the key data register ₂₄₁ , create a key that matches the key data of the key that was turned off. Find the address where data is written. The address number of the key data register ₂₄₁ in which the matched key data is written is written into the key channel code of the channel register ₂₄₂ specified by the off-channel pointer address ₂₄₃ , and the ON/OFF bit is set to "0". and,
Set the value of off-channel pointer address 24 ₃ to 1
only increases. The on-channel pointer 24 ₄ and the off-channel pointer 24 ₃ are configured to automatically return to their initial values at the end of the channel number or when the device is reset. Examples to which the above method of the present invention is applied will be explained with reference to Table 3. The numbers in the table are expressed in decimal notation. The vertical column shows changes in the on-channel pointer, off-channel pointer, channel register, and key data register data at times t ₁ to _{t 18} in the horizontal column. The information in parentheses in the channel register column indicates the ON/OFF bit status.
The key data in the key data register is directly expressed as a note name. First, when key C is pressed at time t ₁ , the key data register 24 ₁ is
A C chord is written to D ₀ . Below time t ₂ ~
If you press the C# to G notes sequentially at _t8 , the data will be written as shown in the column at _t8 . Even if you press any more keys

【table】

[Table] Processed as an overflow. When the F note is released at time _t9 , the address number of the key data register ₂₄₁ , where the F note is written in _C0 of the channel register ₂₄₂ specified by the off-channel pointer 243, is changed according to the above-mentioned _off -processing procedure. 5" is written. When the D# note is released at time _t10 , the address number "3" is written to _C1 of the channel register ₂₄₂ using the same procedure. When the A note is pressed at time _t11 , the A note is written to the address _D5 of the key data register ₂₄₁ specified by _C0 of the channel register ₂₄₂ according to the above-described ON processing means. After that, by t ₁₈ , G, F#, A,
As you release the keys in the order of E, C#, and C, they will be lined up in the channel register ₂₄₂ in the order in which you released them.
The arrangement will be as shown in the column for t ₁₈ . When the keys are pressed again, the keys are designated and written in the order in which the keys were released first. Note that an overflow occurs when the ON/OFF information of the channel register ₂₄₂ indicated by the off-channel pointer ₂₄₄ is on. In this way, the key data of the key that is turned on when the key is pressed after the key is released is sequentially designated to the channel from which the key was released earlier. This means that when an envelope is applied to a sound, the sooner you release the key, the more the envelope has advanced, and new key press data will be written at the point where the envelope has advanced the most.
This method is suitable for digital organs that have a limited number of sounds. As described above, the main point of the present invention is that the key data of a pressed key is specified and written to the channel in which the key was released earliest. As explained above, according to the present invention, key pressing,
An on-channel pointer and an off-channel pointer are provided that increase by 1 each time a key is released, and when a key is pressed, the channel register specified by the on-channel pointer is read out, the key data is stored in the corresponding key data register, and the key data that matches when the key is released is also set. It is only necessary to store the key channel code corresponding to the address of the key data register where the off-channel pointer is stored in the channel register specified by the off-channel pointer. As a result, new key press data is entered at the location where the key was released earlier, and an economical keyboard switch information allocation method with a simple configuration and fewer operating procedures is obtained, which requires less processing time. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the number of simultaneous sounds is 8, but the range limited to the memory of the microcomputer system 20 in _FIG . By matching the number of registers ₂₄₂ and the number of bits of on-channel pointer ₂₄₄ and off-channel pointer ₂₄₃ to the number of simultaneous sounds, the number of simultaneous sounds can be easily set using the same algorithm. In short, when the key is turned on, the key data register is specified by the address number of the channel hit in the channel register pointed to by the on-channel pointer, and the key data is stored, and when the key is turned off, the channel pointed to by the off-channel pointer is stored. Store the address number of the channel you have been using in the pointer,
The purpose is to indicate that the channel is unused, and the off-channel value follows the on-channel value to detect the channel that is turned on earliest. As a result, the number of simultaneous sounds can be changed and set more easily in terms of structure and procedure than in similar conventional systems.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a specific circuit example of the main part of the embodiment, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the main part of the embodiment, and FIG. 5a and 5b are explanatory diagrams of the structure of the main parts of the invention, and FIGS. 5a and 5b are explanatory diagrams of the operation of FIG. Information processing unit (CPU), 22 is a CPU clock generator, 2
3 is the program, 24 is the assignment memory,
24 ₁ is a key data register, 24 ₂ is a channel register, 24 ₃ is an off-channel pointer,
24 ₄ is an on-channel pointer, 25 is an event memory, 31 is a musical tone envelope generator, 32
3 is a musical tone frequency generator, and 33 is a musical waveform generator.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A key data register 24 that detects the on/off state of each key switch on the keyboard, has a channel area equal to the maximum number of simultaneous polyphonic sounds, and stores the above key information.
₁ , a channel register ₂₄₂ that addresses the channel area of the key data register ₂₄₁ when a key is pressed or released, and indicates by a code whether or not the channel is in a sounding state; On-channel specifying means ₂₄₄ which specifies the register 242 and resets when the number of channels is reached; and an on-channel specifying means ₂₄₄ which has the same initial value as the on-channel specifying means ₂₄₄ and specifies the channel register ₂₄₂ when the key is released and resets when the number of channels is reached. Then, the key data register 241 is provided with an off-channel specifying means ₂₄₃ for resetting, and key data whose address is the key channel code of the channel register ₂₄₂ specified by the on-channel specifying means ₂₄₄ when a key is pressed _. The value of the on-channel specifying means ₂₄₄ is incremented by one, and the key data stored in the key data register ₂₄₁ when the key is released has the same pitch name as the key data when the key is released. The key channel code and key-off information corresponding to the searched key data of the key data register _{241 are stored in the channel register 242 specified} by the off-channel specifying means ₂₄₃ , and the off-channel specifying means By increasing the value of the off-channel specifying means ₂₄₃ by one, the released key channel codes are stored in the channel register ₂₄₂ in chronological _order , and the keys are pressed. Sometimes the on-channel designation means 24 ₄
A keyboard switch information assignment method characterized in that the key channel codes stored in the channel register ₂₄₂ are designated in order of oldest key channel codes by increasing the value of .