JPS6235260Y2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6235260Y2 JPS6235260Y2 JP1982073656U JP7365682U JPS6235260Y2 JP S6235260 Y2 JPS6235260 Y2 JP S6235260Y2 JP 1982073656 U JP1982073656 U JP 1982073656U JP 7365682 U JP7365682 U JP 7365682U JP S6235260 Y2 JPS6235260 Y2 JP S6235260Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- methanol
- air
- exchange membrane
- electrode
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 141
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Description
【考案の詳細な説明】 本考案はメタノール燃料電池に関する。[Detailed explanation of the idea] The present invention relates to methanol fuel cells.
従来のメタノール電池として、例えば第１図に
示すようなものがある（特開昭54−154048号）。
これはアクリル等の電槽３１内をイオン交換膜３
２にて支切り、その支切られたメタノール極液室
３３および空気極気体室３４内に、それぞれ燃料
極としてのメタノール極３５および空気極３６を
配置したものからなる。また、前記メタノール極
液室３３には、電解液としての硫酸水溶液とメタ
ノールとを混合した混合液を供給する供給口３７
および生成した炭酸ガスの排出口３８が設けら
れ、前記空気極気体室３４には空気の供給口３９
と空気と水の排出口４０が設けられている。４
１，４２は各極３５，３６に接続したリード端子
である。 An example of a conventional methanol battery is the one shown in FIG. 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 154048/1983).
This is an ion exchange membrane 3 inside a battery container 31 made of acrylic, etc.
2, and a methanol electrode 35 and an air electrode 36 as fuel electrodes are arranged in the separated methanol electrode liquid chamber 33 and air electrode gas chamber 34, respectively. Further, a supply port 37 for supplying a mixed solution of a sulfuric acid aqueous solution and methanol as an electrolytic solution to the methanol polar solution chamber 33.
and a discharge port 38 for the generated carbon dioxide gas, and the air electrode gas chamber 34 is provided with an air supply port 39.
and an air and water outlet 40 are provided. 4
1 and 42 are lead terminals connected to the respective poles 35 and 36.
かかるメタノール燃料電池にあつては、メタノ
ール極３５上で、メタノール極液室３３から拡散
してきたメタノールが反応して、
CH3OH＋H2O→CO2＋6H+＋6e
となり、炭酸ガスと水素イオンが生成する。この
とき発生する炭酸ガスはメタノール極液室３３内
の電解液中を拡散して排出口３８から系外に排出
される。 In such a methanol fuel cell, methanol diffused from the methanol electrode chamber 33 reacts on the methanol electrode 35 to form CH 3 OH + H 2 O→CO 2 +6H + +6e, producing carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen ions. do. The carbon dioxide gas generated at this time is diffused in the electrolytic solution in the methanol electrolyte chamber 33 and is discharged from the exhaust port 38 to the outside of the system.
一方、空気極３６にはメタノール極３５上で生
成した水素イオンがイオン交換膜３２を拡散し、
外部回路を経由した電子6eと反応して、空気中の
酸素とともに
３／２O2＋6H+＋6e→3H2O
となり、排出口４０から水となつて排出される。 On the other hand, hydrogen ions generated on the methanol electrode 35 diffuse through the ion exchange membrane 32 to the air electrode 36.
It reacts with the electron 6e that has passed through the external circuit to form 3/2O 2 +6H + +6e→3H 2 O together with oxygen in the air, and is discharged from the outlet 40 as water.
しかしながら、かかるメタノール燃料電池にあ
つては、前記イオン交換膜３２のみを用いてメタ
ノール極液室３３にあるメタノールを空気極３６
に拡散させることを防止することは困難であり、
空気極３６に拡散到達したメタノールは空気極３
６上の触媒部分に吸着して、空気極３６内への空
気の拡散面積が減少する。また、メタノールの陽
極酸化反応を併発させて、空気極性能が劣化する
という問題があつた。 However, in such a methanol fuel cell, only the ion exchange membrane 32 is used to transfer methanol in the methanol electrode chamber 33 to the air electrode 36.
It is difficult to prevent the spread of
The methanol that has diffused to the air electrode 36 reaches the air electrode 3.
6, the diffusion area of air into the air electrode 36 is reduced. In addition, there was a problem that the anodic oxidation reaction of methanol occurred simultaneously, resulting in deterioration of air electrode performance.
本考案はかかる従来の問題を解決するため、イ
オン交換膜部分のみを冷却する構成とすることに
よつて、メタノールのイオン交換膜への透過拡散
速度を減速させ、これによつて空気極性能の劣化
を防止したメタノール燃料電池を提供する。 In order to solve this conventional problem, the present invention has a configuration in which only the ion exchange membrane portion is cooled, thereby slowing down the permeation diffusion rate of methanol into the ion exchange membrane, thereby improving the performance of the air electrode. Provided is a methanol fuel cell that prevents deterioration.
以下に、本考案の実施例を図面について説明す
る。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
第２図はその一実施例のメタノール燃料電池を
具体的に示す。同図において、１は電解液が通過
できる程度の多孔質構造を有するメタノール極、
２はメタノール極１で生成する水素イオンを主に
透過するイオン交換膜としてのカチオン交換膜、
３はガス拡散型の空気極であり、これの気体室に
面した部分には完全防水型の撥水性のふつ素化合
物製フイルタが貼られていて、気体室への生成水
の逆拡散を防止している。４は約10重量％の硫酸
水溶液を満たした空気極液室、５は10重量％程度
の硫酸水溶液と２〜10重量％のメタノールとの混
合液を収容したメタノール極液室、６は空気極の
気体室であり、これらがアクリル樹脂などの電槽
７に図示のように収容されている。８は空冷式の
電解液の冷却器で、メタノール極液室５に連通す
る通路内に設けられ、冷却した電解液をポンプ９
によりメタノール極液室５に循環させ、高負荷時
のジユール熱の発生による電池のオーバヒートを
防止する。１０はメタノールタンク１２からポン
プ１１で圧送したメタノールと電解液の混合器、
１３は空気極３からの生成水と窒素との混合蒸気
を冷却し、これを窒素ガスと水に分離する冷却
器、１４はメタノール極１上で発生した炭酸ガス
と、これに付ずいして生成される水とメタノール
の両蒸気を分離する冷却器、１５は電池動作開始
時には開いて空気を混合器１０へ導き暖機を促進
させる空気バイパス弁、１６は生成水排出バル
ブ、１７はメタノール極液室５で不足する水を補
充する場合に開かれるバルブ、１８は燃料電池内
への空気取入口に設けられ電池動作開始時には閉
じ、電池定常運転時には開く開閉弁、１９は電池
のリード端子２３，２４からの電圧出力やメタノ
ール極液室５の液温センサ２０の出力に基ずい
て、前記開閉弁１８、空気バイパス弁１５、ポン
プ９，１１を作動制御するコントローラ、２２は
燃料電池内へ空気を導入するブロワーで、電池動
作開始時開閉弁１８が閉じている時作動し、電池
定常運転時開閉弁１８が開いている時停止する。
また、２５はカチオン交換膜２の冷却器で、カチ
オン交換膜２の空気極液室４側に接触させてあ
り、この冷却器２５は前記開閉弁１８を介在した
空気の通路２６内に設けられ、この通路２６を通
過する空気を冷却器２５に送つてカチオン交換膜
２を冷却するようになつている。また、この冷却
器２５表面には撥水性のふつ素化合物などの耐蝕
コーテイングが施されて、電解液による腐蝕が防
止されている。 FIG. 2 specifically shows a methanol fuel cell according to one embodiment. In the figure, 1 is a methanol electrode having a porous structure that allows the electrolyte to pass through;
2 is a cation exchange membrane as an ion exchange membrane that mainly transmits hydrogen ions generated at the methanol electrode 1;
3 is a gas diffusion type air electrode, and a completely waterproof water-repellent fluorine compound filter is pasted on the part facing the gas chamber to prevent back diffusion of produced water into the gas chamber. are doing. 4 is an air cathode chamber filled with about 10% by weight sulfuric acid aqueous solution, 5 is a methanol catholyte chamber containing a mixture of about 10% by weight sulfuric acid aqueous solution and 2 to 10% methanol, and 6 is an air cathode. These gas chambers are housed in a container 7 made of acrylic resin or the like as shown in the figure. Reference numeral 8 denotes an air-cooled electrolyte cooler, which is installed in a passage communicating with the methanol polar liquid chamber 5, and pumps the cooled electrolyte into a pump 9.
This allows the methanol to be circulated to the electrolyte chamber 5 to prevent overheating of the battery due to the generation of Joule heat during high loads. 10 is a mixer for methanol and electrolyte pumped from a methanol tank 12 by a pump 11;
13 is a cooler that cools the mixed vapor of produced water and nitrogen from the air electrode 3 and separates it into nitrogen gas and water; 14 is a cooler that cools the mixed vapor of produced water and nitrogen from the air electrode 3; A cooler separates the water and methanol vapors produced, 15 is an air bypass valve that opens when the battery starts operating and guides air to the mixer 10 to promote warming, 16 is a produced water discharge valve, and 17 is a methanol pole. 18 is a valve that is opened to replenish water that is insufficient in the liquid chamber 5; 18 is an on-off valve that is provided at the air intake port into the fuel cell and is closed when the battery starts operating; and 19 is an on-off valve that opens when the battery is in steady operation; 19 is a lead terminal 23 of the battery. , 24 and the output of the liquid temperature sensor 20 in the methanol polar liquid chamber 5, a controller 22 controls the operation of the on-off valve 18, the air bypass valve 15, and the pumps 9, 11. This blower introduces air, and operates when the on-off valve 18 is closed at the start of battery operation, and stops when the on-off valve 18 is open during steady battery operation.
Further, 25 is a cooler for the cation exchange membrane 2, which is brought into contact with the air cathode liquid chamber 4 side of the cation exchange membrane 2, and this cooler 25 is provided in the air passage 26 with the on-off valve 18 interposed therebetween. The air passing through this passage 26 is sent to a cooler 25 to cool the cation exchange membrane 2. Further, the surface of the cooler 25 is coated with a corrosion-resistant coating such as a water-repellent fluorine compound to prevent corrosion caused by the electrolyte.
第３図はカチオン交換膜２の冷却器２５の正面
断面図で、前記通路２６の入口および出口に通じ
る複数の多岐通路２７を格子状に連通させたもの
からなり、カチオン交換膜２の全域を略均一に冷
却するようになつている。 FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view of the cooler 25 of the cation exchange membrane 2, which is composed of a plurality of multi-branched passages 27 communicating with the inlet and outlet of the passage 26 in a lattice pattern, and covers the entire area of the cation exchange membrane 2. It is designed to cool almost uniformly.
かかる構成になるメタノール燃料電池にあつて
は、カチオン交換膜２が、空冷される前記冷却器
２５によつて冷却される。このためメタノール極
液室５からカチオン交換膜２に透過拡散するメタ
ノール速度を減速でき、この結果、空気極液室４
に拡散するメタノール量も減少することになり、
空気極３の性能劣化が防止される。 In the methanol fuel cell having such a configuration, the cation exchange membrane 2 is cooled by the air-cooled cooler 25. Therefore, the rate of methanol permeating and diffusing from the methanol catholyte chamber 5 to the cation exchange membrane 2 can be reduced, and as a result, the air catholyte chamber 4
This also reduces the amount of methanol that diffuses into the
Deterioration of the performance of the air electrode 3 is prevented.
実験によれば、前記冷却器２５によるカチオン
交換膜２の冷却温度を25℃にした場合には、冷却
器２５を設けない場合に比較してメタノールの前
記透過拡散の速度を略1/8に抑えることができる
ことを確認した。 According to experiments, when the cooling temperature of the cation exchange membrane 2 by the cooler 25 is set to 25° C., the rate of permeation and diffusion of methanol is reduced to approximately 1/8 compared to the case where the cooler 25 is not provided. We confirmed that it can be suppressed.
以上説明してきたように、本考案によれば、カ
チオン交換膜などのイオン交換膜の空気極液室側
に冷却器を接触した構成とすることによつて、メ
タノールのイオン交換膜への透過拡散速度を減速
させ、以つてメタノールによる空気極の性能劣化
を有効に防止できるという利点が得られる。 As explained above, according to the present invention, by configuring a cooler in contact with the air cathode chamber side of an ion exchange membrane such as a cation exchange membrane, methanol can permeate and diffuse into the ion exchange membrane. This has the advantage of slowing down the speed and effectively preventing performance deterioration of the air electrode due to methanol.
第１図は従来のメタノール燃料電池の断面図、
第２図は本考案のメタノール燃料電池の断面図、
第３図は同じく冷却器の拡大正面断面図である。
１……メタノール極、２……イオン交換膜、３
……空気極、４……空気極液室、５……メタノー
ル極液室、６……空気極気体室、７……電槽、２
５……冷却器。
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional methanol fuel cell.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the methanol fuel cell of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is also an enlarged front sectional view of the cooler. 1... Methanol pole, 2... Ion exchange membrane, 3
... Air cathode, 4... Air cathode liquid chamber, 5... Methanol cathode liquid chamber, 6... Air cathode gas chamber, 7... Battery container, 2
5...Cooler.
Claims (1)
体室とを隔成するイオン交換膜と、前記メタノー
ル極液室に設けたメタノール極と、前記空気極液
室および空気極気体室を隔成する空気極とを電槽
内に有し、メタノールを燃料として動作する燃料
電池において、前記イオン交換膜の前記空気極方
向の面にイオン交換膜用冷却器を介装したことを
特徴とするメタノール燃料電池。 an ion exchange membrane that separates the methanol polar fluid chamber from the air cathode fluid chamber and the air cathode gas chamber; and a methanol electrode provided in the methanol polar fluid chamber, and the air cathode fluid chamber and the air cathode gas chamber. A methanol fuel cell having an air electrode in a battery case and operating using methanol as fuel, characterized in that an ion exchange membrane cooler is interposed on a surface of the ion exchange membrane facing the air electrode. battery.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1982073656U JPS58176367U (en) | 1982-05-20 | 1982-05-20 | methanol fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1982073656U JPS58176367U (en) | 1982-05-20 | 1982-05-20 | methanol fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58176367U JPS58176367U (en) | 1983-11-25 |
| JPS6235260Y2 true JPS6235260Y2 (en) | 1987-09-08 |
Family
ID=30083152
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1982073656U Granted JPS58176367U (en) | 1982-05-20 | 1982-05-20 | methanol fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS58176367U (en) |
-
1982
- 1982-05-20 JP JP1982073656U patent/JPS58176367U/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS58176367U (en) | 1983-11-25 |
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