JPS6238519B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6238519B2 JPS6238519B2 JP6857981A JP6857981A JPS6238519B2 JP S6238519 B2 JPS6238519 B2 JP S6238519B2 JP 6857981 A JP6857981 A JP 6857981A JP 6857981 A JP6857981 A JP 6857981A JP S6238519 B2 JPS6238519 B2 JP S6238519B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- sample
- oil
- control
- set value
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011005 laboratory method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明はオイルシエール（油頁岩）からの油の
回収率を求めるフイツシヤーアツセイ装置の温度
制御方法及び装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a temperature control method and apparatus for a fisherman assay device for determining the recovery rate of oil from oil shale.
オイルシエールとは、油脂分に富む藻類等の遺
物と鉱物質とが同時に堆積し、藻類などが長い年
月の間に分解され、有機物として固体の形で含ま
れた堆積鉱床であるとされ、オイルシエールは乾
留によつて油分を生ずる。 Oil sierre is said to be a sedimentary deposit in which oil-rich algae and other relics and mineral substances are deposited at the same time, and the algae and other substances have been decomposed over many years and are contained in the form of solid organic matter. Oil sheer produces oil through carbonization.
近年石油代替エネルギー開発の意欲が高まり、
吾が国もオイルシエールからの油（シエールオイ
ル）に注目し始めたところであるが、諸外国特に
アメリカでは1950年代、中国では1939年に既にプ
ラントを建設しシエールオイルの回収が行われ
た。その後も実績が績み重ねられ、アメリカでは
コマーシヤルプラントにおける油の回収率を推定
するための実験室的手法としてフイツシヤーアツ
セイ（Fischer Assay）という乾留方法が確立さ
れている。 In recent years, the desire to develop alternative energy to oil has increased,
Our country has just begun to pay attention to oil produced from oil sierre (sierre oil), but other countries, especially the United States, have already built plants to recover sierre oil in the 1950s, and in China in 1939. Since then, results have continued to grow, and in the United States, a carbonization method called Fischer Assay has been established as a laboratory method for estimating oil recovery rates in commercial plants.
この方法は約100gのオイルシエール粉末を第
１図に示す昇温カーブ（U.S.Bureau of Mines
Report of Investigations 5932（1962）に示され
た昇温カーブ）に沿つて加熱し、発生した油と水
及び場合によつてはガスを回収して油の回収率を
求めるものである。第２図はフイツシヤーアツセ
イ装置を示す。第２図において試料４は試料容器
３に入れ、更にレトルト２に入れる。上ぶた１を
して電気炉内に置いて電気炉側面ヒータ１０で加
熱すると、油と水とガスとが発生し、これらはオ
イル留出口８から外部へ取り出される。なお、電
気炉底部ヒータ１２は底部からの外部への放熱を
防止し、試料を均一温度にする役目がある。 This method uses the heating curve shown in Figure 1 for approximately 100g of oil siere powder.
The oil recovery rate is determined by heating along the temperature rise curve shown in Report of Investigations 5932 (1962) and recovering the generated oil, water, and in some cases gas. FIG. 2 shows a fissure assay device. In FIG. 2, a sample 4 is placed in a sample container 3 and then placed in a retort 2. When the top lid 1 is placed in an electric furnace and heated by the electric furnace side heater 10, oil, water, and gas are generated, and these are taken out from the oil distillation port 8. Note that the electric furnace bottom heater 12 has the role of preventing heat radiation from the bottom to the outside and keeping the sample at a uniform temperature.
第３図は従来例(1)の温度制御方法及び装置を示
し、第４図は第３図の方法及び装置での制御結果
を示す。従来例(1)に示す試料温度で制御する温度
制御方法及び装置では、試料温度を指定の昇温カ
ーブに沿つて昇温した時に試料の中央部で測定し
た試料温度は若干の遅れはあるがほぼ目的の昇温
パターンで昇温されるが試料容器３及びレトルト
２は共に金属製であり熱伝導度が高くまた電気炉
側面ヒータ１０に近いため、試料容器３やレトル
ト２の温度が試料温度より高くなるという欠点が
ある。即ち試料温度が目的温度Ｔfになる前に試
料容器３やレトルト２の温度はＴfを越えてしま
う訳で、この時試料容器３の壁面に近い部分の試
料もＴfを越えることになる。オイルシエールか
らの油の留出量は温度の高低によつて左右される
ものであるから、試料の１部がＴfを越えること
は好ましくないのである。 FIG. 3 shows the temperature control method and device of conventional example (1), and FIG. 4 shows the control results using the method and device shown in FIG. In the temperature control method and device shown in conventional example (1) that control the sample temperature, when the sample temperature is raised along a specified temperature increase curve, the sample temperature measured at the center of the sample is slightly delayed. The temperature is raised almost according to the desired temperature increase pattern, but since both the sample container 3 and retort 2 are made of metal and have high thermal conductivity, and are close to the electric furnace side heater 10, the temperature of the sample container 3 and retort 2 is the same as the sample temperature. The disadvantage is that it is more expensive. In other words, the temperature of the sample container 3 and retort 2 will exceed T f before the sample temperature reaches the target temperature T f , and at this time, the sample near the wall of the sample container 3 will also exceed T f . . Since the amount of oil distilled from oil shale depends on the temperature, it is undesirable for a portion of the sample to exceed T f .
また、第５図は従来例(2)の温度制御方法及び装
置を示し、第６図は第５図の方法及び装置での制
御結果を示す。従来例(2)に示すレトルト側面温度
で制御する温度制御方法及び装置では試料容器３
やレトルト２の温度がほぼ指定の昇温パターンで
昇温可能であるが、本来の目的である試料温度は
目的の昇温パターンより大きく遅れるという欠点
があつた。 Further, FIG. 5 shows a temperature control method and apparatus of conventional example (2), and FIG. 6 shows control results using the method and apparatus of FIG. 5. In the conventional example (2), which is a temperature control method and apparatus for controlling the retort side temperature, the sample container 3
Although the temperature of the retort 2 can be raised almost according to a specified temperature increase pattern, there is a drawback that the sample temperature, which is the original objective, lags far behind the target temperature increase pattern.
本発明はこのような背景の下になされたもので
試料温度が全体に目的温度Ｔfを越えず、しかも
試料温度が指定パターンで昇温できる温度制御方
法及び装置を提供するものである。第７図は本発
明による温度制御方法及び装置を示し、第８図は
第７図の方法及び装置での制御結果を示す。本発
明の温度制御方法及び装置は第１に温度調節計１
７の制御量を試料内温度とし、操作量を温度調節
計１８の設定値とするカスケード結合とする。第
２に温度調節計１８の制御量をレトルト側面温度
とし、操作量を側面ヒーター電流または電圧とす
る。第３にレトルト側面温度が目的温度Ｔfに到
達すると比例、比例積分、または比例積分微分制
御からON―OFF制御に切り換える。第４に温度
調節計１９の制御量はレトルト底部温度、操作量
は底部ヒーター電流または電圧とし、制御はON
―OFF方式とする。第５に温度調節計１７の設
定値は、指定の昇温カーブを発生させる関数発生
器２０によつて入力するというものである。 The present invention was made against this background, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a temperature control method and apparatus that can raise the sample temperature in a specified pattern without causing the sample temperature to exceed the target temperature T f as a whole. FIG. 7 shows a temperature control method and apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 8 shows control results using the method and apparatus shown in FIG. The temperature control method and device of the present invention firstly includes a temperature controller 1.
A cascade connection is used in which the controlled variable 7 is the temperature inside the sample, and the manipulated variable is the set value of the temperature controller 18. Second, the controlled variable of the temperature controller 18 is the retort side temperature, and the manipulated variable is the side heater current or voltage. Thirdly, when the retort side temperature reaches the target temperature Tf , the control is switched from proportional, proportional integral, or proportional integral differential control to ON-OFF control. Fourth, the controlled variable of the temperature controller 19 is the retort bottom temperature, the manipulated variable is the bottom heater current or voltage, and the control is ON.
- Use the OFF method. Fifth, the set value of the temperature controller 17 is inputted by a function generator 20 that generates a designated temperature increase curve.
本発明によつて、試料内温度はほぼ指定の昇温
カーブどうりに制御可能となり、またレトルト側
面温度は目的温度Ｔfに到達するとON―OFF制御
に切り換わるため従来のようにＴfを大きく越え
ることはない。更にカスケード結合としているた
め試料温度及びレトルト側面温度共に制御性は従
来法よりよくなるなどその効果は著しい。 According to the present invention, the temperature inside the sample can be controlled almost according to the specified temperature rise curve, and the retort side temperature switches to ON-OFF control when it reaches the target temperature T f , so T f can be controlled as usual. It won't go far beyond that. Furthermore, because of the cascade coupling, the controllability of both the sample temperature and the retort side temperature is better than in the conventional method, which is a remarkable effect.
次に本発明方法及び装置及び従来例により本発
明の作用効果を説明する。 Next, the effects of the present invention will be explained using the method and apparatus of the present invention and conventional examples.
従来例(1)…（第３図、第４図）
第３図に示す制御方法及び装置即ち温度調節計
１３の制御量を試料内温度とし、操作量をレトル
ト側面ヒーター電流として、更に設定値は指定の
昇温カーブを発生させる関数発生器２０によつて
入力する。また温度調節計１４の制御量はレトル
ト底部温度、操作量は底部ヒーター電流として、
制御をON―OFF方式とするものであるが、この
方式での昇温結果は第４図に示すようにレトルト
側面温度が目的温度Ｔfをはるかにオーバーし、
不良であつた。Conventional example (1)...(Figs. 3 and 4) The control method and device shown in Fig. 3, ie, the control amount of the temperature controller 13 is the temperature inside the sample, the manipulated variable is the retort side heater current, and the set value is input by a function generator 20 that generates a specified temperature rise curve. In addition, the control amount of the temperature controller 14 is the temperature at the bottom of the retort, and the operation amount is the bottom heater current.
The control is an ON-OFF method, but as shown in Figure 4, the temperature rise result with this method is that the retort side temperature far exceeds the target temperature T f .
It was defective.
従来例(2)…（第５図、第６図）
第５図に示す制御方法及び装置、即ち温度調節
計１５の制御量をレトルト側面温度とし、操作量
をレトルト側面ヒーター電流として、更に設定値
は関数発生器２０によつて入力するものである。
底部ヒーターは従来例(1)と同様である。この方式
での昇温結果は第６図に示すとうりで、試料温度
の昇温が目的の昇温パターンから大きく遅れる。Conventional example (2)...(Fig. 5, Fig. 6) The control method and device shown in Fig. 5, that is, the control amount of the temperature controller 15 is the retort side temperature, the manipulated variable is the retort side heater current, and further settings are made. The values are input by function generator 20.
The bottom heater is the same as the conventional example (1). The temperature increase results obtained by this method are shown in FIG. 6, and the sample temperature increase lags significantly behind the desired temperature increase pattern.
本発明方法及び装置…（第７図、第８図）
第７図に示す本発明の方法及び装置即ち温度調
節計１７の制御量を試料内温度とし、操作量を温
度調節計１８の設定値とするカスケード結合とす
る。温度調節計１７の設定値は関数発生器２０に
より入力する。温度調節計１８の制御量はレトル
ト側面温度とし、操作量は側面ヒーター電流とす
る。更にレトルト側面温度が目的温度Ｔfに到達
すると比例、比例積分、または比例積分微分制御
からON―OFF制御に切り換える。温度調節計１
９の制御量はレトルト底部温度とし操作量は底部
ヒーター電流として、制御はON―OFF方式とす
るものである。この方式での昇温結果は第８図に
示すとおりレトルト側面温度もほぼＴfに維持さ
れると共に試料温度も指定パターンで昇温され、
従来例(1)及び(2)の２つの方法比べると格段の制御
性が発揮された。Method and apparatus of the present invention... (Figures 7 and 8) The method and apparatus of the present invention shown in Figure 7, ie, the controlled variable of the temperature controller 17 is the temperature inside the sample, and the manipulated variable is the set value of the temperature controller 18. cascade connection. The set value of the temperature controller 17 is inputted by the function generator 20. The controlled variable of the temperature controller 18 is the retort side temperature, and the manipulated variable is the side heater current. Further, when the retort side temperature reaches the target temperature Tf , the control is switched from proportional, proportional integral, or proportional integral differential control to ON-OFF control. Temperature controller 1
The controlled variable 9 is the temperature at the bottom of the retort, the manipulated variable is the bottom heater current, and the control is an ON-OFF method. As shown in Figure 8, the temperature rise results using this method are such that the retort side temperature is maintained at approximately Tf , and the sample temperature is also raised in a specified pattern.
Compared with the two conventional methods (1) and (2), remarkable controllability was exhibited.
第１図は指定昇温パターンを示す図、第２図は
フイツシヤーアツセイ装置を示す図、第３図〜第
６図は従来例を表す説明図、第７図及び第８図は
本発明方法及び装置を示す説明図である。
１…レトルト上ぶた、２…レトルト、３…試料
容器、４…試料、５…試料測温熱電対、６…レト
ルト側面測温熱電対、７…レトルト底部測温熱電
対、８…オイル留出口、９…ガスパージライン、
１０…電気炉側面ヒータ、１１…電気炉、１２…
電気炉底部ヒータ、１３，１４，１５，１６，１
７，１８，１９…温度調節計、２０…関数発生
器。
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a specified temperature increase pattern, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a fixer assay device, Figs. 3 to 6 are explanatory diagrams showing conventional examples, and Figs. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a method and apparatus. 1... Retort top lid, 2... Retort, 3... Sample container, 4... Sample, 5... Sample thermocouple, 6... Retort side thermocouple, 7... Retort bottom thermocouple, 8... Oil distillate outlet , 9...gas purge line,
10...Electric furnace side heater, 11...Electric furnace, 12...
Electric furnace bottom heater, 13, 14, 15, 16, 1
7, 18, 19...Temperature controller, 20...Function generator.
Claims (1)
率を推定するためのフイツシヤーアツセイ装置に
おいて、１次温度調節計の制御量をオイルシエー
ルの試料温度、操作量を２次温度調節計の設定値
とし、２次温度調節計の制御量を加熱容器の温
度、操作量を加熱量とするカスケード結合からな
ることを特徴とするフイシヤーアツセイ装置の温
度制御方法。 ２ オイルシエールを乾留して得られる油の回収
率を推定するためのフイツシヤーアツセイ装置に
おいて、指定する昇温曲線を発生する関数発生
器、その関数発生器の出力を設定値としオイルシ
エールの試料温度と設定値との差から試料加熱容
器の温度の目標値を出力する１次温度調節計、１
次温度計の出力を設定値とし、試料加熱容器温度
と設定値との差から加熱装置へ供給する電圧或は
電流値を出力し、更に試料加熱容器の表面温度が
目的温度に達した後はオンオフ制御に切換える機
能を有する２次温度調節計とよりなることを特徴
とするフイツシヤーアツセイ装置の温度制御装
置。[Claims] 1. In a fisherman assay device for estimating the recovery rate of oil obtained by carbonizing oil shale, the control amount of the primary temperature controller is set to the sample temperature of the oil shale, and the manipulated variable is 2. 1. A temperature control method for a shaker assay device, comprising a cascade connection in which a set value of a secondary temperature controller is used, a control amount of the secondary temperature controller is used as a temperature of a heating container, and a manipulated variable is used as a heating amount. 2 In the oil shear assay device for estimating the recovery rate of oil obtained by carbonizing oil sheer, a function generator that generates a specified temperature rise curve is used, and the output of the function generator is set as a set value for oil sheer. a primary temperature controller that outputs a target value for the temperature of the sample heating container from the difference between the sample temperature and the set value;
Next, the output of the thermometer is set as the set value, and the voltage or current value to be supplied to the heating device is output based on the difference between the sample heating container temperature and the set value. Furthermore, after the surface temperature of the sample heating container reaches the target temperature, 1. A temperature control device for a fixer assay device, comprising a secondary temperature controller having an on-off control function.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6857981A JPS57184192A (en) | 1981-05-07 | 1981-05-07 | Temperature control of fischer assay apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6857981A JPS57184192A (en) | 1981-05-07 | 1981-05-07 | Temperature control of fischer assay apparatus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS57184192A JPS57184192A (en) | 1982-11-12 |
| JPS6238519B2 true JPS6238519B2 (en) | 1987-08-18 |
Family
ID=13377820
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6857981A Granted JPS57184192A (en) | 1981-05-07 | 1981-05-07 | Temperature control of fischer assay apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57184192A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0414916U (en) * | 1990-05-30 | 1992-02-06 |
-
1981
- 1981-05-07 JP JP6857981A patent/JPS57184192A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0414916U (en) * | 1990-05-30 | 1992-02-06 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS57184192A (en) | 1982-11-12 |
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