JPS6283392A - Method and apparatus for producing plastic bound propellants and explosives - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Industrial Application The invention relates to a hacksong with at least one inlet opening and optionally an addition opening for solvent, two co-rotating or counter-rotating screw shafts and a molding head. Prior art relating to a method and apparatus for producing plastic-bonded propellants and explosives using an extruder consisting of
No. 557 or No. 3,242,301. The device has a single propellant (nitrocellulose), 2 m
For static neutralization, solvent-wet nitrocellulose is used to produce trocellulose-nitroglycerin or other liquid explosives) as well as trocellulose-nitroglycerine-nitroguanidine for six-base propellants. Let's do it. Furthermore, propellants and explosives bound in plastic matrices are also known. In this case, mention may be made of crystalline explosives, which include, first of all, hexodene, octovin or a mixture of both (HMX/RDX) and/or nitroguanidine. In either case a small amount of an ignition improving additive, such as nitrocellulose, is added.
(≦7ch) or other high energy polymers may be added. Such plastic-bonded propellants and explosives can conventionally be manufactured only in batch mode, with the amount of binder being relatively low, about 15 inches or more.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to propose a process as mentioned at the outset, which makes it possible to continuously produce plastic-bonded propellants or explosives with reduced amounts of plastic binder. Furthermore, an apparatus for carrying out the method is proposed.

Starting from the method described at the outset, first add the plastic binder in the form of a solid, solution or suspension through the inlet opening until the feed screw floats 1'' into the plastic binder without mutual and wall friction; The problem of the present invention is solved by subsequently adding the propellant components or explosives in crystalline form in an increasing volume at the same time as the amount of plastic binder decreases, and finally by keeping the mixing ratio constant. .

The production of propellants or explosives bonded with plastic with a large amount of crystalline components in an extruder, which was thought to be impossible in the past, and the continuous production method using this method exist when each extruder is idle. It has been shown that it is possible to first "underfeed" the extruder with a plastic binder until friction between the screws and against the housing wall is avoided. That is, in a filled extruder, the screws The screws are centered such that there is very little or no friction between them and the walls.The screw floats in the surrounding material.As soon as this condition is achieved, The explosives are added in crystalline form. This eliminates the risk that the crystals themselves are exposed to metal friction, leading to significant hazards.Subsequently, the amount of plastic binder is reduced and the crystalline material is added in a constantly rising dragon. In practice, it has been shown that the amount of plastic binder can be reduced by as much as 4-6%, thus reducing the amount of inert material that reduces the performance of the final product.
less in propellants or explosives in the binding matrix. One or more propellant strands or explosives strands can be produced continuously in a corresponding screw construction consisting of a feed segment and a crosstalk segment. The strands obtained in this way are cut as raw material rods, which can be pressed into the desired shape, e.g. for raw material charges, or mechanically processed, e.g. for warheads or fragmentation bombs. It can be manufactured into any desired shape. In the case of propellant processing, the strands are grooved or slit during extrusion. The extruder is adjusted during the heat introduction and residence time so that the plastic binder polymerizes or partially hardens, and the product is further processed. The geometric shape of the crosstalk segment is a three-point segment (equosceles triangle with convex sides).
Or there is a two-point segment (elliptical cross section with a flat tip).

According to an embodiment of the process, the plastic binder is added in the form of granules, flakes, etc. and melted in an extruder at temperatures up to 160° C., after which the components of the propellant or crystalline explosives are slowly raised. Add in quantity.

The temperature of the polymer, and therefore the softening or melting point of the polymer, should not exceed 130°C for safety reasons.

Usually, the temperature is preferably in the range of 100°C. Optionally, a solvent can be added to the softened plastic to aid plasticity, this addition preferably taking place downstream of the inlet opening and excess solvent being sucked off further downstream.

If plastic binders are used in suspension, corresponding dewatering of the extruder must be taken into account if appropriate.

Regarding the device, the invention starts from an extruder consisting of a housing, two co- or counter-rotating screw shafts, at least one inlet opening, optionally a solvent addition opening, and a forming head. Such a device according to the invention is characterized in that the inlet opening is provided with a storage container with a dosing device for the plastic binder and further with a dosing device for the components of the propellant or crystalline explosives. It is characterized by the fact that it is equipped with a container. Containers for propellant and explosives are provided in the inlet opening or in the addition opening downstream of the inlet opening. As dosing devices, mention may firstly be made of screw dosing devices or spiral dosing devices, preferably differential dosing scales. These are first added with the plastic binder alone until the entire extruder is filled. After that, the crystalline explosive is added, and at this time the ratio of the glassy binder to the crystalline explosive is
Vary as desired until the desired mixing ratio is finally reached, having from 4 to 6 units of binder.

The addition orifice for the solvent is preferably downstream of the inlet orifice, unless the polymer is introduced directly into the inlet orifice as a suspension which may already contain a solvent.

Furthermore, the extruder housing has a plasticizer addition opening downstream of the inlet opening, which may also be located close to the solvent addition opening.

In the case of solvent addition, the housing is provided with a suction opening downstream of the addition opening to suck up excess solvent;
Devices for recooling and recycling the solvent may be provided here.

In another embodiment of the invention, the housing is at least partially transparent with respect to X-rays, thus making it possible to process plastics whose polymerization is influenced by Renton radiation.

According to another embodiment, the housing is at least partially transparent for light of a certain wavelength or has an opening for a light source, allowing photochemical polymerization.

EXAMPLES Next, embodiments of the apparatus shown in the accompanying drawings will be described in detail.

FIGS. 1 to 4 each show a cross-sectional view of an extruder with different embodiments with regard to material addition.

The extruder consists of a housing 1, and the extruder consists of a number of axially continuous segments 2 and a cooler arranged between them. Inside segment 2 there is heating and/or
Alternatively, a cooling device 3 is installed, which device makes it possible to adjust the temperature to a constant temperature. The two screw shafts 5 are arranged in parallel in the screw shaft and are driven by a motor or hydraulic device (not shown). The screw shaft 5 consists of alternating feed segments 6 and cross-over segments T, the cross-over segments may be constructed as six-point segments or as two-point segments. The housing 1 has at its outlet end a forming spatula r8 for forming one or more strands.

The housing has an inlet opening 9 with which a passage 10 connects to the drive end.
has. A storage container 11 for a plastic binder, for example a polymer, and a storage container 12 for a crystalline explosive, hequindene, octodane or mixtures thereof, are connected to the channel 10 as shown in FIG. A dosing device 13 or 14 in the form of a screw or spiral dosing device is arranged between the respective storage container 11 and 12 and the channel 10. Downstream of the inlet opening 9, the housing further has an addition opening 15 for bath agents or similar substances. Further downstream a suction opening 16 is arranged for excess solvent. The opening 16 is connected to a vacuum pump 18 via a cooling and degassing device 17.

At the start of the operation, the distribution device is first energized and plastic is added from the storage container 11 via the inlet opening 9 . The loading of plastic continues until the screw shaft 5 moves in rotation without friction in the housing. The placement device 14 is then actuated and the crystalline explosive is guided from the storage container 12 via the channel 10 into the inlet opening 9, the speed of the dosing device 140 being constantly increased and at the same time the speed of the placement device 130 being increased. lower, thus creating the desired mixing ratio. Furthermore, the solvent is added via the addition opening 15. Excess bath agent is again removed from the extruder via the suction opening 16 and circulated.

The embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that a further storage container 19 for an additive, for example nitrocellulose or the like, is connected to the channel 10. This storage container also has a placement device 12
0 are interlocated. Furthermore, next to the addition opening 15 for the solvent there is a conduit 21 for the plasticizer present in the container 22.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, storage container 11
and addition of polymer from channel 10 to the inlet opening. In contrast, storage containers for crystalline explosives 1
2 is connected downstream to its own passage 23 with another inlet opening 24 . Here too there is an addition opening 15 for the solvent and/or plasticizer, which opening is arranged between the two artificial openings 9 and 240.

FIG. 4 shows a storage container 12 with explosives and a distribution device [1].
4 can be seen. In this embodiment, the polymer is added into passageway 10 at 25 as a water or solvent-containing suspension. Furthermore, the extruder is equipped with a drain pipe 26 at its drive end for draining water or for squeezing out the solvent.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The accompanying drawings, FIGS. 1 to 4, each show a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the device according to the invention.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Plastics using an extruder consisting of a housing with at least one inlet opening and optionally an addition opening for a solvent, two co- or counter-rotating screw shafts and a molding head. To produce bonded propellants and explosives, the plastic binder is first added in the form of a solid, solution or suspension through the inlet opening until the screw floats in the plastic binder without mutual and wall friction. , then the propellant components or explosives are added in the form of crystals, the amount of plastic binder added is reduced and at the same time increasing amounts, and finally the mixture is bonded with plastic, characterized in that the mixing ratio is kept constant. A method for producing propellants and explosives. 2. Addition of the plastic binder in the form of granules, flakes, etc., melting in an extruder at temperatures up to 130°C, and then slowly adding the propellant components or crystalline explosives in increasing amounts The method described in paragraph 1. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the solvent is added downstream of the inlet opening and the excess solvent is sucked off at a further downstream location. 4. For producing plastic-bonded propellants and explosives, consisting of an extruder with a housing, two co- or counter-rotating screw shafts, at least one inlet opening and optionally a solvent addition opening and a molding head. In the apparatus of , a storage container (11) whose inlet opening (9) is provided with a dosing device (13) for the plastic binder.
a dosing device (14) for a component of the propellant or a crystalline explosive, which is further arranged in relation to the inlet opening (9) or to the dosing opening (23) present downstream of this. ) Apparatus for producing plastic-bonded propellants and explosives, characterized in that it is provided with a storage container (12) comprising: 5. The addition opening (15) for the solvent is connected to the inlet opening (9).
5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the device is arranged downstream of the. 6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the extruder housing (1) comprises an addition opening (21) for plasticizer downstream of the inlet opening (9). 7. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, in which the housing (1) comprises a suction opening (16) for suctioning out excess solvent. 8. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the housing (1) is at least partially X-ray transparent. 9. Device according to one of the claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the housing (1) is at least partially light-transparent or has an opening for a light source.