JPS62993B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS62993B2 JPS62993B2 JP13131579A JP13131579A JPS62993B2 JP S62993 B2 JPS62993 B2 JP S62993B2 JP 13131579 A JP13131579 A JP 13131579A JP 13131579 A JP13131579 A JP 13131579A JP S62993 B2 JPS62993 B2 JP S62993B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toughness
- tensile strength
- rotor
- chromium
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Description
本発明は例えば、高い引張強さと靭性を必要と
するタービンロータに使用される12%クロム・ニ
ツケル合金鋼に関する。
例えば、大容量蒸気タービンのロータは、数十
キログラムの長翼が多数植込まれ高速回転するの
で、ロータには高い引張強さが要求される。ま
た、最長翼の植込まれる部分の運転時温度は室温
付近と低いため、脆性破壊防止の観点から、材料
欠陥がなく、優れた靭性(破面遷移温度の低いこ
と)が必要である。
従来、大容量蒸気タービン低圧ロータには、こ
れら要求を満足する材料として、3.5%Ni−1.75
%Cr−0.5%Mo−0.1%V鍛鋼が広く使用されて
来た。この鋼の引張強さは約90Kg/mm2、破面遷移
温度は0℃以下である。
ところで、蒸気タービン単機出力の増大を図る
ためには最終段長翼の寸法増大が不可欠であり、
これに伴なう負荷応力の増大に対し、より高い引
張強さを有するロータが必要である。この要求に
対処するためには、引張強さ向上に最も効果のあ
るニツケルの増量が考えられるが、ニツケルを増
量するとロータの長時間使用で靭性の劣化(破面
遷移温度の上昇)が著しいため、ロータへの使用
は不適である。
本発明の目的は高い引張強さを有するととも
に、優れた靭性を有する12%クロム・ニツケル合
金鋼を提供することを目的とする。
従来、12%クロム基鋼はクリープ強さが優れて
いることから、500℃以上の温度で使用するター
ビン・ロータ材として使用されている。しかし従
来の12%クロム基タービンロータはクリープ強さ
に優れ引張強さも約90Kg/mm2であるが、いつぽ
う、破面遷移温度が+50℃〜+100℃と高いた
め、比較的蒸気温度の低いときに使用されるター
ビンロータには使用が不可能であつた。
本発明はこの12%クロム基鋼を系統的に研究し
た結果、タービンロータとして使用可能な高い引
張強さと優れた靭性を有する材料を見いだしたも
のである。
ここで、本発明に係るタービンロータを構成す
る化学組成について説明する。この組成範囲は、
炭素(C) ……0.05〜0.3%
マンガン(Mn) ……0.2〜1.5%
シリコン(Si) ……0.2%以下
クロム(Cr) ……8〜13%
モリブデン(Mo)……0.2〜1.5%
バナジウム(V) ……0.05〜0.3%
ニオブ(Nb)または/およびタンタル(Ta)
……0.01〜0.05%
ニツケル(Ni) ……3.0〜4.0%
鉄(Fe) ……残部
および不純物から成ることを特徴とした合金であ
る。
つぎに各元素の重量%の範囲について説明す
る。
C0.05〜0.3%:Cは引張強さを増すために必要
欠くべからざる元素である。0.05%より少ないと
低い強度しか得られず、また0.3%を越えると靭
性が劣化するので、この範囲が適切である。
Mn0.2〜1.5%:おもに脱硫剤として添加され
る元素であり、0.2%より少ないことその効果が
発揮できず、また、1.5%を越える靭性が劣化す
るのでこの範囲が適切である。
Si0.2%以下:通常脱酸剤として添加される元
素であるが、0.2%を越えて添加すると靭性が低
下する。本発明合金ではSiを添加しないことが原
則であり、鋼の脱酸は真空カーボン脱酸法を適用
する。
Cr8〜13%:引張強さを確保する上で8%以上
必要であるが、13%を越えるとマルテンサイト組
織が得られず、高い引張強さおよび優れた靭性が
得られないので、この範囲が適切である。
Mo0.2〜1.5%:焼もどし軟化抵抗を増し、焼
入性、靭性を改善するために0.2%以上必要であ
る。しかし1.5%を越えると靭性が劣化するの
で、この範囲が適切である。
V0.05〜0.30%:強度を向上させるために0.05
%以上必要である。しかし0.30%を越えると靭性
が劣化するので、この範囲が適切である。
全体での0.01〜0.05%のNbまたは/および
Ta:本発明の特徴とするところで、結晶粒を微
細化し靭性を改善するためには0.01%以上必要で
ある。しかし、0.05%を越えるとタービン低圧ロ
ータのごとき大きな鋼塊を必要とするものにあつ
ては偏折を生じ靭性が劣化する。したがつて、こ
の範囲が適切である。なお、Nb、Taはいずれか
一方のみを添加しても、或いは両者を同時に添加
してもよく、いずれの場合も全体で上記の範囲内
となるようにする。
Ni3.0〜4.0%:本発明の特徴とするところで、
引張強さおよび靭性を向上させるために3.0%以
上必要である。しかし、4.0%を越えると焼もど
し脆化感受性が高まり、タービン低圧ロータ使用
中に焼もどし脆化を生じ破面遷移温度が上昇す
る。したがつて上述の範囲が適切である。
つぎに本発明の実施例について説明する。
第1表に示す組成の合金を溶解しロータモデル
素体を製造し、これに第2表に示す熱処理を適用
した。なお実体のロータにおいてはロータ中心部
の引張強さおよび靭性が重要であり、また靭性は
ロータ中心部で最も悪くなるので、試料の熱処理
後の冷却速度は実体ロータ中心部を想定して焼入
時の冷却速度2℃/min、焼もどし後の冷却速度
20℃/hrとした。つぎに、引張試験および衝撃試
験を実施した。第3表は試験結果を示したものあ
る。試料No.1は現在、大容量蒸気タービン低圧ロ
ータに広く使用されている3.5%NiCrMoV鋼、試
料2は大容量蒸気タービンロータに使用されてい
る12%Cr基鋼であり、試料3、4は本発明合金
である。現在使用されている12%Cr基タービン
ロータの破面遷移温度が50〜100℃であるのに対
し、本発明に係る実施例は試料No.3、No.4で100
Kg/mm2以上の引張強さと、0℃以下の破面遷移温
度を有する。ここで、本発明に係るロータが従来
ロータに較べて優れた引張強さと靭性を有する理
由としてはNi、さらにNbまたは/およびTaが適
正量添加されたためである。
以上説明したように、本発明に係る12%クロ
ム・ニツケル合金鋼は、第3表からも明らかなよ
うに、その引張強さ、靭性が従来の12%クロム・
ニツケル合金鋼に比較して非常にすぐれているこ
とが容易に理解されるであろう。
The present invention relates to a 12% chromium-nickel alloy steel used, for example, in turbine rotors that require high tensile strength and toughness. For example, the rotor of a large-capacity steam turbine has many long blades weighing tens of kilograms and rotates at high speed, so the rotor is required to have high tensile strength. In addition, since the operating temperature of the part where the longest blade is implanted is low, around room temperature, it is necessary to have no material defects and excellent toughness (low fracture surface transition temperature) from the perspective of preventing brittle fracture. Conventionally, 3.5%Ni-1.75 was used as a material for large-capacity steam turbine low-pressure rotors that met these requirements.
%Cr-0.5%Mo-0.1%V forged steel has been widely used. This steel has a tensile strength of about 90 Kg/mm 2 and a fracture surface transition temperature of 0° C. or less. By the way, in order to increase the output of a single steam turbine, it is essential to increase the size of the final stage long blade.
A rotor with higher tensile strength is required to cope with the increase in load stress associated with this. In order to meet this demand, increasing the amount of nickel, which is most effective in improving tensile strength, can be considered, but increasing the amount of nickel will cause a significant deterioration of toughness (increase in fracture surface transition temperature) when the rotor is used for a long time. , unsuitable for use in rotors. An object of the present invention is to provide a 12% chromium-nickel alloy steel having high tensile strength and excellent toughness. Conventionally, 12% chromium-based steel has excellent creep strength, so it has been used as a material for turbine rotors used at temperatures above 500°C. However, although conventional 12% chromium-based turbine rotors have excellent creep strength and tensile strength of approximately 90 Kg/ mm2 , they also have a high fracture surface transition temperature of +50°C to +100°C, which means that the steam temperature is relatively low. It was impossible to use it for the turbine rotor that is sometimes used. The present invention is the result of a systematic study of this 12% chromium-based steel, and the discovery of a material with high tensile strength and excellent toughness that can be used as a turbine rotor. Here, the chemical composition constituting the turbine rotor according to the present invention will be explained. This composition range is: Carbon (C)...0.05-0.3% Manganese (Mn)...0.2-1.5% Silicon (Si)...0.2% or less Chromium (Cr)...8-13% Molybdenum (Mo)... 0.2 to 1.5% Vanadium (V) ...0.05 to 0.3% Niobium (Nb) or/and tantalum (Ta) ...0.01 to 0.05% Nickel (Ni) ...3.0 to 4.0% Iron (Fe) ...Remainder and impurities It is an alloy characterized by consisting of. Next, the range of weight % of each element will be explained. C0.05-0.3%: C is an indispensable element for increasing tensile strength. If it is less than 0.05%, only low strength will be obtained, and if it exceeds 0.3%, the toughness will deteriorate, so this range is appropriate. Mn 0.2-1.5%: This is an element mainly added as a desulfurizing agent, and if it is less than 0.2%, its effect cannot be exhibited, and if it exceeds 1.5%, the toughness deteriorates, so this range is appropriate. Si 0.2% or less: This element is usually added as a deoxidizing agent, but if it is added in excess of 0.2%, the toughness decreases. In principle, Si is not added to the alloy of the present invention, and the vacuum carbon deoxidation method is applied to deoxidize the steel. Cr8-13%: 8% or more is necessary to ensure tensile strength, but if it exceeds 13%, a martensitic structure cannot be obtained and high tensile strength and excellent toughness cannot be obtained, so this range is is appropriate. Mo0.2-1.5%: 0.2% or more is required to increase temper softening resistance and improve hardenability and toughness. However, if it exceeds 1.5%, the toughness deteriorates, so this range is appropriate. V0.05~0.30%: 0.05 to improve strength
% or more is required. However, if it exceeds 0.30%, the toughness deteriorates, so this range is appropriate. Total 0.01-0.05% Nb or/and
Ta: A feature of the present invention is that 0.01% or more is required to refine crystal grains and improve toughness. However, if it exceeds 0.05%, it will cause deflection and deteriorate toughness in products that require large steel ingots, such as turbine low-pressure rotors. Therefore, this range is appropriate. Note that either one of Nb and Ta may be added, or both may be added at the same time, and in either case, the total amount should be within the above range. Ni3.0-4.0%: The feature of the present invention is
3.0% or more is required to improve tensile strength and toughness. However, if it exceeds 4.0%, the susceptibility to temper embrittlement increases, and temper embrittlement occurs during use of the turbine low-pressure rotor, increasing the fracture surface transition temperature. Therefore, the above range is appropriate. Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described. An alloy having the composition shown in Table 1 was melted to produce a rotor model body, and the heat treatment shown in Table 2 was applied to this. In addition, the tensile strength and toughness of the center of the rotor are important in the actual rotor, and the toughness is the worst at the center of the rotor, so the cooling rate after heat treatment of the sample is determined by quenching assuming the center of the actual rotor. cooling rate 2℃/min, cooling rate after tempering
The temperature was set at 20°C/hr. Next, a tensile test and an impact test were conducted. Table 3 shows the test results. Sample No. 1 is a 3.5% NiCrMoV steel that is currently widely used in large-capacity steam turbine low-pressure rotors, Sample 2 is a 12% Cr-based steel that is currently used in large-capacity steam turbine rotors, and Samples 3 and 4 are This is the alloy of the present invention. While the fracture surface transition temperature of the currently used 12% Cr-based turbine rotor is 50 to 100°C, in the example according to the present invention, sample No. 3 and No. 4 have a fracture surface transition temperature of 100°C.
It has a tensile strength of Kg/mm 2 or more and a fracture surface transition temperature of 0°C or less. Here, the reason why the rotor according to the present invention has superior tensile strength and toughness compared to conventional rotors is that appropriate amounts of Ni and further Nb and/or Ta are added. As explained above, as is clear from Table 3, the 12% chromium/nickel alloy steel according to the present invention has higher tensile strength and toughness than the conventional 12% chromium/nickel alloy steel.
It will be easily understood that it is very superior compared to nickel alloy steel.
【表】【table】
【表】【table】
Claims (1)
Si0.2%以下、Cr8〜13%、Mo0.2〜1.5%、V0.05
〜0.3%、全体で0.01〜0.05%のNbまたは/およ
びTa、Ni3.0〜4.0%、残部Feおよび付随的不純
物より成り、常温において高い引張強さおよび靭
性を有する高強度高靭性12%クロムニツケル合金
鋼。1 Weight ratio: C0.05~0.3%, Mn0.2~1.5%,
Si0.2% or less, Cr8~13%, Mo0.2~1.5%, V0.05
~0.3%, total 0.01~0.05% Nb or/and Ta, Ni3.0~4.0%, balance Fe and incidental impurities, high strength high toughness 12% chromium with high tensile strength and toughness at room temperature Nickel alloy steel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13131579A JPS5655552A (en) | 1979-10-13 | 1979-10-13 | 12% chromium-nickel alloy steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13131579A JPS5655552A (en) | 1979-10-13 | 1979-10-13 | 12% chromium-nickel alloy steel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5655552A JPS5655552A (en) | 1981-05-16 |
| JPS62993B2 true JPS62993B2 (en) | 1987-01-10 |
Family
ID=15055074
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13131579A Granted JPS5655552A (en) | 1979-10-13 | 1979-10-13 | 12% chromium-nickel alloy steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5655552A (en) |
-
1979
- 1979-10-13 JP JP13131579A patent/JPS5655552A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5655552A (en) | 1981-05-16 |
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