JPS631280B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPS631280B2
JPS631280B2 JP58057043A JP5704383A JPS631280B2 JP S631280 B2 JPS631280 B2 JP S631280B2 JP 58057043 A JP58057043 A JP 58057043A JP 5704383 A JP5704383 A JP 5704383A JP S631280 B2 JPS631280 B2 JP S631280B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
diamond
diffusion layer
temperature
filament
surface diffusion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP58057043A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS59184791A (en
Inventor
Noribumi Kikuchi
Takayuki Shingyochi
Hiroaki Yamashita
Akio Nishama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Metal Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Metal Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Metal Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Metal Corp
Priority to JP58057043A priority Critical patent/JPS59184791A/en
Publication of JPS59184791A publication Critical patent/JPS59184791A/en
Publication of JPS631280B2 publication Critical patent/JPS631280B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B25/00Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B29/00Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
    • C30B29/02Elements
    • C30B29/04Diamond

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

この発明は、気相合成法にてダイヤモンドを粒
状あるいは膜状に析出せしめる方法に関するもの
である。 ダイヤモンドは、現存する物質の中で最も硬
く、かつ熱伝導性および電気絶縁性にもすぐれた
材料であることから、工業的に有用な材料とし
て、その使用分野は広範囲にわたつている。 また、ダイヤモンドには、天然に産出するもの
のほかに、超高圧合成装置を用い、超高圧発生容
器内に黒鉛粉末を触媒と共に入れ、温度:1600℃
以上、圧力:60kb以上の高温高圧下で反応させ、
黒鉛をダイヤモンドに相変態させることによつて
製造された人工ダイヤモンドがある。この人工ダ
イヤモンドは、原料粉末の粒度や反応時間を制御
することにより種々の粒度のものが得られるが、
装置自体が大型となるばかりでなく、1回の生産
量にも限界があるため、生産性の点で問題があ
り、どうしてもコスト高となるのをまぬがれるこ
とができない。このほか、ダイヤモンドの合成法
には、火薬の爆発による衝撃力を利用して、黒鉛
をダイヤモンドに変換する方法があるが、この方
法によつて製造された人工ダイヤモンドは、前記
の超高圧合成法により製造されたものに比して多
少安価ではあるが、結晶性が完全なものを得るこ
とが困難であり、したがつて特性上問題があるも
のである。 そこで、本発明者等は、上述のようは観点か
ら、大型のプレス装置などを用いることなく、か
つ結晶性の完全な人工ダイヤモンドを高い生産性
で、コスト安く製造すべく研究を行なつた結果、
ダイヤモンドが析出される基体として、元素周期
律表の4a、5a、および6a族金属のうちのいずれ
か、またはこれらの金属を主成分とする合金で構
成された基体部材の表面に、通常の表面炭化法、
表面窒化法、あるいは表面硼化法にて、炭素
(C)、窒素(N)、および硼素(B)のうちの1
種または2種以上を拡散させて形成した表面拡散
層を有する表面処理基体部材を用い、気相合成法
にて、前記基体部材の表面拡散層から0.5〜3cm
離れた位置に、W、Ta、Mo、あるいは黒鉛から
なるフイラメントを位置させた状態で、CH4
H2との容量割合、すなわちCH4/H2を0.001〜
0.05に調整した混合反応ガスを前記フイラメント
を通過して前記表面拡散層に当るように流しなが
ら、前記の表面拡散層の温度:500〜1200℃、お
よびフイラメントの温度:1800〜2500℃の条件で
反応を行なわしめると、前記表面拡散層上に結晶
性が完全なダイヤモンドが粒状あるいは膜状に形
成されるようになるという知見を得たのである。 なお、この発明の方法において、上記表面拡散
層とフイラメントとの距離が0.5〜3cmの範囲内
において比較的小さい場合に、ダイヤモンドの析
出核の密度が高くなり、この析出核が横に密に並
ぶため膜状となり、一方前記の離間距離が大きく
なると粒状となるのである。また、上記表面拡散
層はダイヤモンド核を速い反応で均一に析出させ
るのに不可欠のものであり、したがつて、この表
面拡散が存在しない場合には、ダイヤモンドの析
出はきわめて遅くなり、所望の速度で均一にダイ
ヤモンド核を析出させることができないものであ
る。 つぎに、この発明の方法において、製造条件を
上記の通りに限定した理由を説明する。 (a) フイラメントの温度 フイラメントはメタン(CH4)を分解すると
同時に、この結果形成されたCとH2とを活性
化し、ダイヤモンド形成に寄与するものと考え
られるが、その温度が1800℃未満では反応ガス
の活性化が十分に行なわれず、一方その温度が
2500℃を越えると熱輻射が大きくなりすぎ、い
ずれの場合もダイヤモンドの形成が不十分とな
ることから、フイラメント温度を1800〜2500℃
と定めた。 (b) 表面拡散層の温度 表面拡散層の温度は、フイラメントからの輻
射熱と部材自体の加熱温度により決まるが、こ
の温度が500℃未満ではダイヤモンドの析出速
度が遅く、一方1200℃を越えた温度ではダイヤ
モンドの析出が行われないことから、その温度
を500〜1200℃と定めた。 (c) 混合反応ガスにおけるCH4/H2の割合 この割合が0.001未満では、ダイヤモンドの
生成速度が著しく遅く、一方この割合が0.05を
越えると、ダイヤモンド中に黒鉛が混在するよ
うになることから、CH4/H2の割合を0.001〜
0.05と定めた。 (d) 基体部材の表面拡散層とフイラメント間
の距離 この距離が0.5cm未満になると、フイラメン
トの輻射熱により表面拡散層温度が1200℃を越
えて高くなりすぎ、ダイヤモンドの析出が行な
われないようになり、一方この距離が3cmを越
えて大きくなると、ダイヤモンド核の形成密度
が急激に低下するようになることから、その距
離を0.5〜3cmと定めた。 また、この発明の方法を実施するに際して、反
応雰囲気は、ピラニー式真空計で5〜100torrの
範囲内の圧力(この圧力はダイヤフラム式真空計
で測定した場合の0.1〜10torrに相当、以下圧力
はピラニー式真空計で測定した圧力で示す)の真
空雰囲気とするのが好ましく、これは5torr未満
の圧力ではダイヤモンドの析出速度がきわめて遅
く、一方100torrを越えた圧力にすると黒鉛が混
在するようになるという理由によるものである。 なお、この発明の方法によつて合成されたダイ
ヤモンドは、不可避不純物としてフイラメント構
成成分であるW、Mo、あるいはTaなどを1〜10
原子%の範囲で含有する場合があるが、この程度
の不純物含有量はダイヤモンド特性に何らの悪影
響も及ぼすものではない。 つぎに、この発明の方法を実施例により具体的
に説明する。 実施例 それぞれ第1表に示される成分組成を有し、か
つ10mm□×厚さ:2mmの寸法をもつた基体部材を
用意し、この基体部材の表面に、同じく第1表に
示される表面処理法、すなわちガス表面炭化法、
ガス表面窒化法、固体表面炭化法、および固体表
面硼化法のいずれかを用い、通常の条件で第1表
に示される平均層厚の表面拡散層を形成し、つい
で、この結果の表面処理基体部材の表面拡散層上
に同じく第1表に示される条件で、ダイヤモンド
形成のための気相合成反応を施すことによつて、
本発明法1〜10および比較法1〜7をそれぞれ実
施し、実施後、その表面に形成された合成ダイヤ
モンドの平均層厚を測定すると共に、その状態を
観察した。これらの結果を第1表に合せて示し
た。 なお、比較法1〜7は、いずれもダイヤモンド
形成のための気相合成条件がこの発明の範囲から
外れた条件(第1表に※印を付した条件がこの発
明の範囲から外れた条件である)で実施したもの
である。 第1表に示される結果から、本発明法1〜10に
おいては、いずれも良好な状態でダイヤモンドを
合成されるのに対して、比較法1〜7において
は、いずれの場合も満足するダイヤモンド合成は
行なわれないことが明らかである。 なお、本発明法1〜10によつて合成されたダ
The present invention relates to a method of depositing diamond in the form of particles or films using a vapor phase synthesis method. Diamond is the hardest material in existence and has excellent thermal conductivity and electrical insulation, so it is used in a wide range of fields as an industrially useful material. In addition to naturally occurring diamonds, we also use an ultra-high-pressure synthesis device to produce diamonds by placing graphite powder together with a catalyst in an ultra-high-pressure generating container at a temperature of 1600°C.
Above, the reaction is carried out under high temperature and high pressure of pressure: 60 kb or above,
There are artificial diamonds produced by phase transformation of graphite into diamond. This artificial diamond can be obtained with various particle sizes by controlling the particle size of the raw material powder and the reaction time.
Not only is the device itself large-sized, but there is also a limit to the amount of production per batch, which poses a problem in terms of productivity, and it is impossible to avoid high costs. Another method for synthesizing diamonds is to convert graphite into diamond by using the impact force from the explosion of gunpowder, but the artificial diamonds produced by this method are different from the ultra-high pressure synthesis method described above. Although it is somewhat cheaper than those produced by the method, it is difficult to obtain one with perfect crystallinity, and therefore there are problems in terms of properties. Therefore, from the above-mentioned viewpoint, the present inventors have conducted research to produce perfectly crystalline artificial diamonds with high productivity and at low cost without using large press equipment etc. ,
The substrate on which the diamond is deposited is a substrate member made of one of the metals from groups 4a, 5a, and 6a of the periodic table of the elements, or an alloy mainly composed of these metals. carbonization method,
One of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and boron (B) by surface nitriding method or surface boriding method.
Using a surface-treated base member having a surface diffusion layer formed by diffusing a species or two or more species, a layer of 0.5 to 3 cm from the surface diffusion layer of the base member is formed by vapor phase synthesis.
CH 4 and a filament made of W, Ta, Mo, or graphite are placed at a distance.
The capacity ratio with H 2 , i.e. CH 4 /H 2, is from 0.001 to
While flowing the mixed reaction gas adjusted to 0.05 through the filament so as to hit the surface diffusion layer, the temperature of the surface diffusion layer: 500 to 1200°C, and the temperature of the filament: 1800 to 2500°C. They have found that when the reaction is carried out, diamond with perfect crystallinity is formed in the form of grains or films on the surface diffusion layer. In addition, in the method of this invention, when the distance between the surface diffusion layer and the filament is relatively small within the range of 0.5 to 3 cm, the density of diamond precipitation nuclei becomes high, and these precipitation nuclei are arranged closely sideways. Therefore, it becomes film-like, and on the other hand, when the above-mentioned separation distance becomes large, it becomes granular. In addition, the above-mentioned surface diffusion layer is essential for uniformly depositing diamond nuclei in a fast reaction. Therefore, if this surface diffusion does not exist, diamond precipitation will be extremely slow and the desired rate will not be reached. Therefore, it is not possible to uniformly precipitate diamond nuclei. Next, the reason why the manufacturing conditions are limited as described above in the method of this invention will be explained. (a) Filament temperature It is thought that the filament decomposes methane (CH 4 ) and at the same time activates the C and H 2 formed as a result, contributing to diamond formation. However, if the temperature is below 1800°C, The reaction gas is not activated sufficiently, and its temperature is
If the temperature exceeds 2500℃, thermal radiation becomes too large, and in either case, diamond formation will be insufficient, so the filament temperature should be set at 1800 to 2500℃.
It was determined that (b) Temperature of the surface diffusion layer The temperature of the surface diffusion layer is determined by the radiant heat from the filament and the heating temperature of the member itself. If this temperature is less than 500℃, the precipitation rate of diamond is slow, while if the temperature exceeds 1200℃ Since diamond precipitation does not occur in this method, the temperature was set at 500 to 1200°C. (c) Ratio of CH 4 /H 2 in the mixed reaction gas If this ratio is less than 0.001, the diamond formation rate is extremely slow, while if this ratio exceeds 0.05, graphite will be mixed in the diamond. , CH 4 /H 2 ratio from 0.001 to
It was set at 0.05. (d) Distance between the surface diffusion layer of the base member and the filament If this distance is less than 0.5 cm, the temperature of the surface diffusion layer will exceed 1200℃ due to the radiant heat of the filament, preventing diamond precipitation. On the other hand, if this distance becomes larger than 3 cm, the density of diamond nucleus formation decreases rapidly, so this distance was set at 0.5 to 3 cm. Furthermore, when carrying out the method of the present invention, the reaction atmosphere should be at a pressure within the range of 5 to 100 torr using a Pirani vacuum gauge (this pressure corresponds to 0.1 to 10 torr when measured using a diaphragm vacuum gauge; It is preferable to use a vacuum atmosphere (as indicated by the pressure measured with a Pirani vacuum gauge), because at pressures below 5 torr, the rate of diamond precipitation is extremely slow, while at pressures above 100 torr, graphite will be present. This is for the reason. The diamond synthesized by the method of this invention contains 1 to 10% of filament constituents such as W, Mo, or Ta as unavoidable impurities.
Although the impurity content may be in the range of atomic %, this level of impurity content does not have any adverse effect on the properties of diamond. Next, the method of the present invention will be specifically explained using examples. Example A base member having the component composition shown in Table 1 and having dimensions of 10 mm x thickness: 2 mm was prepared, and the surface of this base member was treated with the surface treatment also shown in Table 1. method, i.e. gas surface carbonization method,
A surface diffusion layer having an average layer thickness shown in Table 1 is formed under normal conditions using one of the gas surface nitriding method, solid surface carbonization method, and solid surface boriding method, and then the resulting surface treatment is performed. By performing a vapor phase synthesis reaction for diamond formation on the surface diffusion layer of the base member under the conditions also shown in Table 1,
Methods 1 to 10 of the present invention and Comparative Methods 1 to 7 were carried out, and after the execution, the average layer thickness of the synthetic diamond formed on the surface was measured and the state thereof was observed. These results are also shown in Table 1. In addition, Comparative Methods 1 to 7 are all conducted under conditions where the vapor phase synthesis conditions for diamond formation are outside the scope of this invention (the conditions marked with * in Table 1 are outside the scope of this invention). This was carried out at From the results shown in Table 1, it can be seen that methods 1 to 10 of the present invention synthesize diamonds in good condition, while comparative methods 1 to 7 produce diamonds that are satisfactory in all cases. It is clear that this will not be done. Note that the damas synthesized by methods 1 to 10 of the present invention

【表】 イヤモンドは、いずれも天然ダイヤモンドと同等
の硬さと電気抵抗を示すものであつた。 上述のように、この発明の方法によれば、大型
の装置を用いることなく、かつ生産性の高い状態
で、結晶性の完全な人工ダイヤモンドを、基体部
材の表面拡散層上に粒状あるいは膜状の形で合成
することができ、したがつて、ダイヤモンドを粒
状に合成した場合には、これを部材表面から機械
的にかき落して粉末状とし、砥石や研摩材、ある
いは粉末冶金用原料粉末などとして用いることが
でき、また、膜状に形成する場合には、基体部材
を、耐摩耗性や耐侯性が要求される各種の工具部
材、あるいは熱伝導性や電気絶縁性が要求される
ICやLSIなどとしてもよく、さらに絶縁膜や、
B、P、およびAlなどの成分とのドープと合せ
て半導体膜などとしての用途にも適用することが
できるなど工業上有用な効果がもたらされるので
ある。
[Table] All diamonds exhibited hardness and electrical resistance equivalent to natural diamonds. As described above, according to the method of the present invention, perfectly crystalline artificial diamond is deposited in the form of granules or a film on the surface diffusion layer of the base member without using large-scale equipment and with high productivity. Therefore, when diamond is synthesized in the form of granules, it can be mechanically scraped off from the surface of the component to form a powder, which can then be used as grindstones, abrasives, or raw material powder for powder metallurgy. In addition, when formed into a film, the base member can be used for various tool parts that require wear resistance or weather resistance, or that require thermal conductivity or electrical insulation.
It can be used as an IC, LSI, etc., and can also be used as an insulating film,
In combination with doping with components such as B, P, and Al, it brings about industrially useful effects such as being able to be applied to applications such as semiconductor films.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 元素周期律表の4a、5a、および6a族金属の
うちのいずれか、またはこれら金属を主成分とす
る合金で構成され、かつ炭素、窒素、および硼素
のうちの1種または2種以上を拡散させた表面拡
散層を有する表面処理基体部材を反応炉内に装入
し、前記基体部材の表面拡散層と、W、Ta、
Mo、あるいは黒鉛からなるフイラメントとの間
隔を0.5〜3cmに保持した状態で、CH4/H2の割
合を0.001〜0.05の範囲内に調整した混合反応ガ
スを反応炉内に流しながら、前記表面拡散層の温
度:500〜1200℃、およびフイラメント温度:
1800〜2500℃の条件で気相合成反応を行なわしめ
ることにより前記表面拡散層上にダイヤモンドを
粒状あるいは膜状に析出せしめることを特徴とす
るダイヤモンドの気相合成法。
1 Consisting of any of the metals of Groups 4a, 5a, and 6a of the Periodic Table of the Elements, or an alloy containing these metals as a main component, and containing one or more of carbon, nitrogen, and boron. A surface-treated base member having a diffused surface diffusion layer is charged into a reaction furnace, and the surface diffusion layer of the base member and W, Ta,
While maintaining the distance between the filament made of Mo or graphite at 0.5 to 3 cm, the surface is Diffusion layer temperature: 500~1200℃, and filament temperature:
A method for vapor phase synthesis of diamond, characterized in that diamond is precipitated in the form of granules or a film on the surface diffusion layer by carrying out a vapor phase synthesis reaction at a temperature of 1800 to 2500°C.
JP58057043A 1983-04-01 1983-04-01 Vapor phase synthesis of diamond Granted JPS59184791A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58057043A JPS59184791A (en) 1983-04-01 1983-04-01 Vapor phase synthesis of diamond

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58057043A JPS59184791A (en) 1983-04-01 1983-04-01 Vapor phase synthesis of diamond

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS59184791A JPS59184791A (en) 1984-10-20
JPS631280B2 true JPS631280B2 (en) 1988-01-12

Family

ID=13044413

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP58057043A Granted JPS59184791A (en) 1983-04-01 1983-04-01 Vapor phase synthesis of diamond

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS59184791A (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61101493A (en) * 1984-10-23 1986-05-20 ジヨ−ジ ガ−ゲリ− マ−クル Cubic carbide
JPS61106494A (en) * 1984-10-29 1986-05-24 Kyocera Corp Member coated with diamond and its production
US4925701A (en) * 1988-05-27 1990-05-15 Xerox Corporation Processes for the preparation of polycrystalline diamond films
FR2790267B1 (en) * 1999-02-25 2001-05-11 Suisse Electronique Microtech METHOD FOR DEPOSITING A DIAMOND LAYER ON A TRANSITIONAL REFRACTORY METAL AND PART COATED WITH SUCH A LAYER
CN112195369B (en) * 2020-11-06 2021-07-23 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 Corrosion-resistant high-strength neutron shielding alloy material and preparation method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS59184791A (en) 1984-10-20

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