JPS6330476B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to multilayer windows, and more particularly to multilayer windows that have improved functionality by providing a transparent film between opposing panels. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in improving the thermal insulation properties of building windows as an energy-saving measure.
Single-glazed windows are now replaced with double-glazed windows, and in cold regions, double-glazed windows are even made into triple-glazed windows by replacing one side with double-paned glass. However, such a method is not widely used at present because of the high construction costs, the heavy weight of the window itself, and the need to reinforce the window frame. On the other hand, transparent heat insulating films have recently been developed that are transparent to visible light but have a heat-reflecting ability that reflects low-temperature radiation emitted from stoves, indoor walls, and the like. Attempts have been made to utilize this transparent heat insulating film by attaching it directly to window glass to improve its heat insulating properties. In this case, if it is attached to a single-glazed window, it will provide the insulation performance equivalent to a double-glazed window, and if it is attached to a single double-glazed window, it will provide the insulation performance equivalent to a triple-paned window. However, the heat insulation performance is further improved when the transparent heat insulating film is placed facing the window glass with a space in between, rather than directly attached to the window glass. Accordingly, various such methods have been studied, including (1) hanging a film in the space of a multilayer window. (2) Methods such as stretching and fixing a film to the frame of a multilayer window have been considered. However, in method (1), since the film is unstable to be fixed, there are unavoidable inconveniences such as the film curling or turning over during transportation. On the other hand, method (2) fixes the film too strongly, so that if there is a change in the volume of air on both sides of the film due to a change in temperature, for example, the film may stretch, which remains as wrinkles or distortions, which is undesirable. Although we are able to secure the film well,
The present invention was achieved as a result of intensive research into means that can appropriately vary the volume of air on both sides of the film due to changes in temperature or the like. That is, the present invention includes at least two panels each consisting of at least a transparent plate and a window frame supporting the same, and has at least one transparent film stretched over substantially the entire surface of the panel between the plurality of panels. The multilayer window is characterized in that an elastic tensioning material is provided at the periphery of the panel and presses the transparent film inside its fixing part, thereby applying tension to the transparent film, and the transparent film is stretched. This is a multi-layer window. A feature of the present invention is that the film is stretched using an elastic tensioning material, which not only facilitates the construction of multilayer windows with film, but also prevents the film from expanding and contracting due to temperature changes throughout the multilayer window. Due to the change in volume between the two spaces due to the temperature difference between the spaces partitioned by the film, force is applied to the film or the film is displaced, causing distortion and wrinkles in the film. It is absorbed by expansion and contraction. As can be understood from the above explanation, the transparent film in the multilayer window of the present invention is provided over almost the entire surface of the panel so that there are no wrinkles as much as possible (usually, there is some loosening at this stage), and the transparent film is provided with an elastic tension material. It is pressed down and spread out evenly and neatly. Each component will be explained in detail below. A transparent plate is an inorganic or organic transparent plate-like material,
Those known as inorganic glasses and organic glasses are preferred. Inorganic glass is preferred from the viewpoint of chemical durability. The window frame supports the transparent plate, and its material is not particularly limited. Further, there is no need to limit its shape. The transparent plate and the window frame constitute a panel. When supporting a transparent plate on a window frame, various attachments can be used to ensure its support or to ensure airtightness, but of course,
The features of the present invention are exhibited regardless of the presence or absence of such appendages. A multilayer window is composed of a plurality of the above-mentioned panels, but the method of its construction is not particularly limited, and it is required that at least a plurality of panels are located substantially parallel to each other with a space between them. The plurality of panels may be connected to each other by hinges or the like, or may be fixed by screws or other means. Alternatively, the panels may be each fixed by separate frames. A transparent film is provided between the panels over substantially the entire surface of the panels. As a means for this, for example, there is a method of fixing the film to the window frame at least in several places. This fixing is to prevent the position of the film from changing when tension is applied to the film by the elastic tensioning material, and it is not necessarily necessary to fix the entire circumference, but it is necessary to fix the film over the entire circumference. Fixed is usually preferred. Alternatively, instead of being fixed to the window frame itself, a frame for supporting the film may be prepared separately, the film may be fixed to this frame, and the film may be positioned at an appropriate position (for example, see FIG. 2). The film may be an unprocessed film or a processed film. The processed film may be colored or patterned, but as described above, it may also be a film that is laminated with metals, metal oxides, and/or high refractive index dielectrics by vapor deposition or other means. It is preferable that the material has a high degree of performance, such as heat ray reflective ability. The transparent heat-insulating film having heat-ray reflecting ability preferably used in the present invention has a transmittance of 50% or more for light having a wavelength of 500 nm, and
The integrated reflectance of light rays with a wavelength of 2 to 25 μ is 65%
It refers to a film-like material having the selective light transmitting laminated layers as described above. Such a transparent heat insulating film can be obtained by laminating a thin film mainly of metal and/or metal oxide on one or both sides of a plastic film. Metals include gold, silver, gold-silver alloys, silver-copper alloys,
Gold-copper alloys and gold-silver-copper alloys are preferably used. Metal oxides include In ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ and
Cd ₂ SnO ₄ and the like are preferably used, but are not necessarily limited to these. High refractive index derivatives that may be used in combination with these metals or metal oxides have a refractive index of
It is a transparent dielectric material with a dielectric strength of 1.6 or more, preferably 1.8 or more, such as titanium dioxide, titanium oxide, bismuth oxide, zinc sulfide, tin oxide, and indium oxide. The film on which the thin layers of these metals, metal oxides, and/or high refractive index dielectrics are laminated is a conventionally known transparent plastic film, and biaxially oriented polyethylene film is used because of its dimensional stability and mechanical strength. Terephthalate film is preferred. Of course, a top coat layer may be provided on the processed layer to improve wear resistance and optical properties. The elastic tensioning material is located inside the film fixing device at the periphery of the panel, contacts the film inside the fixing device, applies a predetermined tension to the film, and expands when a force exceeding a certain limit is applied by the film. The material itself is compressed and deformed, and in the opposite case, the spreading material is expanded and deformed to improve the film's spreading. The elastic tensile material itself may be a material having elasticity suitable for the present invention, for example, a rubber-like elastic body, or even if the material itself is hard, its structure makes it elastic suitable for the present invention. It can also be, for example, a spring, a foam, a hollow body, etc. If the material is very soft, it can be in the form of a sheet, cylinder, or prism; if it is relatively hard, it can be hollow or foam-like; A spring-shaped one can be used. When using a spring-like member, it is preferable to provide a crown-like member at the tip so as not to damage the film. Among these, hollow, foamed, and spring-shaped materials are preferred. The size of the elastic tensioning material may be such that it can apply pressure in contact with the transparent film when forming a multilayer window together with the panel and the transparent film. It is appropriately determined by the gap and the gap between the panel and the film. This developing material does not necessarily have to be a closed frame as a loop, but can be provided in several places, for example, in a state where the four corners are pressed. In this way, when there is a circumferential defect in the stretched material, the gas on both sides of the film surface can communicate with each other, which prevents the film from deforming due to changes in gas volume due to temperature differences on both sides of the film surface. Can be done. Of course, if the window frame itself has a gas passage, the above-mentioned disadvantages due to film expansion will be reduced or completely eliminated. It is preferable that the above-mentioned spreading material does not change in its relative positional relationship with the panel. If the spreading material can move too freely, it may rub against the film surface due to vibrations, etc., and may damage the film. The tensioning material is in tension with the film, so in some cases it can be stable without much fixation, but for the reasons mentioned above, it is fixed to the window frame or the relative position is maintained. Preferably, they are engaged using a suitable engagement tool. The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a case where the present invention is applied to a so-called linked window. A transparent plate 5 and window frames 3 and 4 are parallel to each other, and a transparent film 1 is fixed to the inner frame of the window frame 3 using fixtures 13 and 14. On the other hand, the elastic tensioning material 2 is fixed relatively to the inside of the fixtures 13 and 14 on the inner frame of the window frame 4, and its height is higher than the spacer 6. As shown in the figure, when the multilayer window is completed, the elastic tensioning material 2 presses the transparent film 1 toward the window frame 3 side, applies tension to the transparent film 1, and achieves uniform tensioning. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the method of installing the transparent film 1 has been changed; in this example, the transparent film is fixed to a frame 9 separate from the window frame, and its position is determined by a stopper 8. FIG. 7 shows an example in which two transparent films are stretched between two panels. A transparent film is fixed to each window frame by a stand 23, and an elastic tension material 24 is held between the stands 23. In FIGS. 3 and 5, the elastic tensile material is not a single material but a plurality of materials, i.e., a hard material 15.
and a soft material 16 or a hollow material 19. FIG. 4 shows an example of the dimensional relationship between the window frame gap and each member. FIG. 6 shows one embodiment of the film fixing devices 20, 21 and the elastic tensioning material 22. In this example, by making the inner convex part 21 an elastic body,
22 may be simply a rigid member, and in this case, the film fixing device and the elastic tensioning material are integrated. In each of the above figures, only a rotatable linked window is illustrated as a multilayer window, but it is clear that the present invention is not limited to such linked window type. The present invention will be further explained below with reference to Examples. Note that the visible light transmittance indicates the transmittance at a wavelength of 500 nm. In addition, the heat integrated reflectance is the infrared reflectance R (λ) at a wavelength of 3 to 25 μ and the radiant energy E at 300 μ.
(λ) according to the following formula. Infrared reflectance R(λ) is measured using Shimadzu grating spectrophotometer.
Measured with IR-27G. In addition, the heat transmission coefficient K is
It was determined by measuring with a Showa Denko KK thermal flowmeter model HFM-MU. Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 A 25 μm thick biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film with a visible light transmittance of 86%, a 250 Å titanium oxide thin film layer, and a 140 Å silver copper alloy (copper 10% by weight)
A transparent heat insulating film (hereinafter referred to as "transparent film") in which a thin film layer and a 300 Å titanium oxide thin film layer are sequentially laminated.
1) was prepared. This material had a visible light transmittance of 80% and a heat ray integrated reflectance of 93%. Furthermore, a film (hereinafter referred to as transparent film-2) was prepared by providing a 200 Å thick aluminum thin film layer on the same biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film as above.
A film (hereinafter referred to as transparent film-3) which was simply colored slightly blue using a 50 μm polyethylene terephthalate film was prepared.
Transparent film-2 did not have heat ray reflection ability and had a visible light transmittance of 20%. Transparent film-3 had a visible light transmittance of 80%. A linked window consisting of two panels as shown in Figure 1 of the attached drawings (the size of the glass panels is
500mm x 600mm), each of the above transparent films (size
520mm x 620mm) was installed. Each transparent film was temporarily fixed to the window frame with double-sided adhesive tape (thickness: 100 μm), then a 0.5 mm thick non-slip plastic tape was placed on top of it, and the film was fixed with nails from above. The window frame gap was 1.5 mm (see Figure 3). As the elastic tensioning material, a 1 mm thick neoprene rubber tape (Shore hardness A: 70) attached with adhesive tape to a 2 mm thick hard plastic tape was used. As shown in Figure 3, this elastic tension material was attached to a window frame facing the transparent film so that it was 1.5 mm higher than the surface of the transparent film. For comparison, the height is 0.5 mm from the transparent sheet surface.
Wooden struts with a height of 1.5 mm and 3 mm were also used. In either case, the width of the four corners of the stretched material is 4 mm.
A few notches were added to improve air circulation. In the experiment, we not only looked at the distortion of the film at the initial stage of expansion, but also examined the state of the film after it had been opened and closed 50 times.
The results are shown in Table-1.

[Table] Example 4 Visible light transmittance as transparent plastic film
A transparent heat insulating film (hereinafter referred to as transparent film-4) similar to that in Example 1 was prepared except that a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 86% and a thickness of 50 μm was used. This transparent film 4 was attached to a fixed frame 26 (height 3 mm, made of Japanese cypress) by the method shown in FIG. 4 so that there was no significant slack. A rubber material with a height of 3 mm and a Shore hardness of A: 80 was used as the spreading material. The gap between both window frames was 4 mm. The transparent film was spread neatly and no distortion occurred even when the panel was opened and closed. Example 5 A transparent heat insulating film similar to that in Example 1 (hereinafter referred to as transparent film-5) was prepared using a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of 9 μm as a transparent plastic film. As shown in FIG. 5, this transparent film 5 was fixed to a wooden fixing frame 9 independent of the window frame, and this was fitted onto the outside of a stopper 8 attached to the window frame. Fixed frame 9
Both the stopper 8 and the stopper 8 are made of 4 mm square wooden blocks, and the stopper 8 is fixed to the window frame with nails. There is almost no gap between the stopper 8 and the fixed frame 9. A spreading material was provided on the window frame opposite to where the stopper 8 was attached, slightly inside the stopper as shown in Fig. 5. The spreading material was made by attaching a rubber hollow pipe with a Shore hardness of A: 50 to a 4 mm square wooden board using adhesive tape. A cross-sectional view of the rubber hollow pipe is shown in FIG. 5B. In addition, the gap between both window frames was set to 6 mm. Thus, the transparent film-5 is formed by the elastic tensioning material.
When it was expanded, it was expanded well, and even when it was removed once and reset, the same good expansion was achieved. Example 6 Visible light transmittance as transparent plastic film
A transparent heat insulating film similar to that in Example 1 using a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 250 μm at 80% was prepared and attached to a panel by the method shown in FIG. Figure 6 B is the fixture 2 in Figure 6 A.
This shows the dimensions of 1. The spreading material 22 was made of rubber with a height of 3 mm and a Shore hardness of A: 80, and the gap between both window frames was 4 mm.
When the transparent film was expanded in this manner, good expansion was achieved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 shows an example of a multilayer window according to the present invention, and B shows a front view, and A shows a sectional view taken along line A-B in B. FIG. 2, FIG. 6A, and FIG. 7 also show similar cross-sectional views. FIG. 6B shows a specific example of the film fixing tool 21. As shown in FIG. Figures 3, 4 and 5A show one side of a similar cross-section. FIG. 5B is a sectional view of the hollow elastic tension member 19. In each figure, the numbers indicate the following members. 1: Transparent film, 2: Elastic tension material, 3: Window frame, 4: Window frame,
5: Transparent plate, 6: Spacer, 7: Outer frame, 8: Stopper, 9: Film fixing frame, 10: Window frame fixing tool, 11: Multilayer window fixing tool, 12: Putty, 13: Film anti-slip, 14: Film fixing tool, 1
5: Hard member, 16: Soft member, 17: Adhesive tape, 18: Rubber, 19: Hollow rubber elastic body, 20:
Adhesion point, 21: Fixed frame, 22: Elastic tension material, 2
3: Fixed frame, 24: Elastic tensioning material. Note that the dimensions in the figure are in mm.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A multilayer window comprising at least two panels each consisting of at least a transparent plate and a window frame supporting the same, and having at least one transparent film stretched over substantially the entire surface of the panel between the plurality of panels, A multilayer window, characterized in that an elastic tensioning material is provided at the periphery of the panel and presses the transparent film inside its fixing part, thereby applying tension to the transparent film, and the transparent film is stretched. .