JPS636215A - Bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Object of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to bearings used as structural parts of various mechanical devices such as automobiles, machine tools, and agricultural machinery. This invention relates to an aluminum-based bearing that is relatively lightweight and has excellent fatigue resistance and surface performance.

(Prior art) Conventionally, alloys used as materials for sliding bearings contain C.
U-Pb series, Babbitt series, etc. are used depending on the required environment, but as bearing alloys for internal combustion engines, from the viewpoint of heat resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, seizure resistance, etc. Aluminum bearing base metals are attracting attention. Among them, A sentence-Sn type.

Since the Al1-3n-Pb system is superior to other materials in terms of the above-mentioned performance, its usage has been rapidly increasing in recent years.

However, on the other hand, demands placed on bearings have become even stronger due to higher performance of internal combustion engines, such as reduction in bearing width due to miniaturization of internal combustion engines, and increase in bearing load due to higher output.
In particular, improvements in seizure resistance and fatigue resistance are desired.

Therefore, in view of such requests, the present inventors
We have developed a bearing using the powder extrusion method.

This bearing has alloy as its main component and Pb as a lubricating component.
, Sn, In, Sb, Bi selected from the group consisting of o
, oos~0.040, Si as the hard component and 0.003~o, oso as the reinforcing component with a cross-sectional area ratio of Si
, Cr, Mg.

Contains 0.2 to 5.0% by weight of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Mn, Ni, and Zn, and optionally contains Ti, B, Zr, V, and Ga as finer components.

Extrusion of a billet formed from an alloy powder containing 0.01 to 3.0% by weight of a metal selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements based on the total alloy, and in which the lubricating components uniformly and finely dispersed have a size of 8 μm or less. Made by extrusion molding with a ratio of 10 or more, A4
11. The size of Si particles dispersed in the matrix is 1
It is characterized by having a diameter of 2 μm or less, a tensile strength at room temperature of 15 kgf/mm2 or more, and an elongation at room temperature of 13.5% or more (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 61-12844).

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, with the above bearings, there is still room for improvement in fatigue resistance due to insufficient strength of the alloy and seizure resistance due to lack of surface lubricating components. There was a problem in that there was a desire to develop a bearing base metal that could be fully compatible with rotary engines.

(Object of the Invention) This invention was made by focusing on the conventional problems as described above.
, Sb, and Bi(7) are added in a lower amount than before to increase the alloy strength, and to improve the surface performance by forming a surface layer made of an alloy with excellent lubrication performance on the alloy surface. The objective is to provide a bearing that can achieve fatigue resistance and surface performance (lubrication performance), which are essential performances for bearings, at a higher level than ever before.

[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) The bearing according to the present invention has Af
The main component is L, and the lubricating components are Pb, Sn, In, and S.
b, one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Bi
0.001 to 0.00 in cross-sectional area ratio to matrix
6. Si as a hard component also has a cross-sectional area ratio of 0.01~
0.10, Cu, Cr, Ti as reinforcing components.

Aluminum-based aluminum containing 0.2 to 5.0% by weight of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn, and in which the size of the lubricating component uniformly and finely dispersed is 4 μm or less A bearing alloy layer, an intermediate layer made of nickel or a nickel alloy as necessary, and a main component mainly composed of Pb, Sn and In (however, this also includes cases where the amount of either one is less than the effective amount) 5 to 15% by weight, Sb, Cu.

It is characterized by being laminated with a surface layer made of a lead-based alloy containing 0.05 to 2.0% by weight of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Ni, and Ti.

An example of a method for manufacturing a bearing with such a structure is to use Al as the main component and Pb and Sn as lubricating components.
, In, Sb, and Bf with a cross-sectional area ratio of 0.001 to the Al matrix.
~0.006, Si as a hard component, same cross-sectional area ratio of 0.01~o, io, Cu, Cr, Ti as reinforcing components
.

Contains 0.2 to 5.0% by weight of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of M g + M n * N 1 and Z n, and the size of the lubricating component uniformly and finely dispersed is 4 pm or less A molded body of aluminum-based bearing alloy powder is made of Pb as the main component, Sn and In in an amount of 5 to 15% by weight, and S b
, Cu, Cr, M n , N i ,'
T! One or more metals selected from the group consisting of 0.
A plate made of a lead-based alloy containing 0.05 to 2.0% by weight.

It is charged into an extrusion device together with plates made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and three-layer extrusion is performed so that each plate becomes an outer skin, and the outer skin on the lead-based alloy side becomes the surface layer of the bearing base metal, and the aluminum side A method can be adopted in which the outer skin of the bearing base metal is used as an intermediate layer of the bearing base metal, and it is joined to the backing metal through the intermediate layer, and a method can be adopted in which the bearing is finished into a predetermined bearing shape by machining. .

In addition, when providing the intermediate layer (1) made of nickel or a nickel alloy, a plate made of nickel or a nickel alloy is interposed between the compact made of the aluminum-based bearing alloy powder and the plate made of a lead-based alloy. The lead-based alloy plate and the aluminum-based plate are then placed in an extrusion device and extruded in four layers so that the lead-based alloy plate and the aluminum plate form an outer skin, and the lead-based alloy outer skin is the surface layer of the bearing base metal. At the same time, it is possible to adopt a method in which the outer skin on the aluminum side is used as an intermediate layer of the bearing, and is joined to the backing metal through the intermediate layer, and the bearing is finished into a predetermined bearing shape by machining. be able to.

FIG. 1 schematically shows one embodiment of this invention,
In the figure, 1 is a backing metal, 2 is an intermediate layer made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, 3 is an aluminum-based bearing alloy layer, and 4 is a surface layer made of a lead-based alloy, and the bearing 10 is constructed from a laminate of these. .

Further, FIG. 2 schematically shows another embodiment of the present invention. In the bearing 10 of FIG. 1, nickel is added between the aluminum-based bearing alloy layer 3 and the surface layer 4 made of a lead-based alloy. Alternatively, a third intermediate layer 5 made of a nickel alloy is provided.

Next, the aluminum-based bearing alloy layer 3 and the surface layer 4 made of a lead-based alloy that constitute the bearing according to the present invention will be further explained.

Engineering: Aluminum-based bearing alloy layer 3 ■-(1) Pb, Sn contained in the Al matrix,
In, Sb, and Bi are effective as lubricating components and have excellent seizure resistance. In order to obtain this effect, the total amount of these lubricating components must be reduced to a cross-sectional area ratio of 0.001 to the AM matrix. I am trying to achieve the above. However, keeping the total amount of these lubricating components below o, oos in cross-sectional area ratio to the Al matrix is the upper limit that will not cause coarse segregation; if this is exceeded, the fatigue strength of the AfL matrix will be insufficient, and the load bearing capacity will deteriorate. Since the bearing performance cannot be satisfied in terms of
And so.

In this case, it is desirable that the lubricating component be uniformly and finely dispersed in the Al matrix, and if the particle size is too large, it will have a negative effect on the performance of the bearing base metal, so
The following should be used.

(2) St is added to the Al matrix as a hard component, and is added as a eutectic St or primary St.
It is dispersed in M matrix 2 and contributes to improving bearing strength and wear resistance as a hard substance. The greater the amount of Si added, the more the wear resistance improves, but the toughness of the Ain matrix decreases. Also, considering extrudability and processability, the cross-sectional area ratio to the Al matrix is 0.01.
It is preferable to set it in the range of ~0.10.

I-(3) Cu, Cr, Ti, Mg,
Mn.

Ni and Zn are effective components for increasing the strength of the All matrix. Among these, Cu is a main element that increases creep strength, that is, high temperature softening resistance. However, if it is less than 0.2% by weight, the above-mentioned effect is small, and 5.0% by weight is less than 0.2% by weight.
If it exceeds % by weight, Cu becomes acicular, 11. A large amount of the compound precipitates and becomes brittle.

Cr causes a decrease in fatigue resistance and is an element other than Cu that increases the strength of the Al matrix.

There are Tt, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn, which are often used as additive elements for AfL alloy wrought materials, and C
0.2 to 5.0% by weight of one or more of these elements including u
Add within the range.

(4) Although not stated in the claims, Zr, B, V, and G, which are grain refining elements of the A-type alloy,
It goes without saying that a and the like may be added as necessary to achieve uniform refinement of the structure.

■Second surface layer 46 II-(1) In the lead-based alloy used as the surface layer 4, Sn and In are effective in improving conformability and corrosion resistance.
However, including cases where either one is less than the effective amount,
) was set at 5 to 15% by weight. In this case, if the total amount of Sn and In is less than 5% by weight, there is no effect;
If it exceeds the weight percentage, high temperature hardness decreases and wear resistance decreases.

II-(2) Sb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni.

Since Ti is an element that is effective in strengthening the Pb matrix and improving the wear resistance of the surface layer, 0.05 to 2.0% by weight of one or more of these elements is added.

Next, an example of how to manufacture a bearing having such a configuration will be described.

First, as shown in FIG. 3, a molded body 13 of aluminum-based bearing alloy powder forming the above-mentioned aluminum-based bearing alloy layer 3, and a lead-based alloy plate 14 forming the surface layer 4 made of lead-based alloy. , an aluminum or aluminum alloy plate 12 forming an intermediate layer 2 made of aluminum or aluminum alloy are placed in an overlapping state, and housed in an extrusion device equipped with a die 17 and a container 18, and three-layer extrusion is performed using a plunger (not shown). By doing this, an extruded material 6 having the general cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 4 is obtained.

In the thus obtained extruded material 6 shown in FIG. 4, of the outer skins formed on both sides of the aluminum-based bearing alloy layer 3, the outer skin on the lead-based alloy (14) side is used as the surface layer 4 of the bearing base metal. In addition, the outer skin on the aluminum (12) side is used as the intermediate layer 2. If used in this manner, it is possible to omit the process of plating the surface layer on the aluminum bearing alloy and the process of press-welding the aluminum bearing alloy and the aluminum intermediate layer, which were performed in conventional bearings. can.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, when the intermediate layer 5 made of nickel or nickel alloy is interposed between the aluminum-based bearing alloy layer 3 and the surface layer 4, as shown in FIG. A molded body 13 of aluminum-based bearing alloy powder forming the aluminum-based bearing alloy layer 3, a lead-based alloy plate 14 forming the surface layer 4 made of a lead-based alloy, and an intermediate material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. A plate 12 of aluminum or aluminum alloy forming layer 2 and a plate 15 of nickel or nickel alloy forming intermediate layer 5 made of nickel or nickel alloy are stacked, and die 17 and container 18 are provided. The extruded material 6 having the general cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 6 is obtained by extruding the material into four layers using a plunger (not shown).

In the extruded material 6 shown in FIG. 6 obtained in this way, in the same manner as described above, of the outer skins formed on both surfaces of the aluminum-based bearing alloy layer 3, the outer skin on the lead-based alloy (14) side is attached to the surface of the bearing. In addition to using the outer skin on the aluminum (12) side as the intermediate layer 2, the intermediate layer 5 made of nickel or nickel alloy is interposed between the aluminum bearing alloy layer 3 and the surface layer 4. The configuration is as follows.

(Example) Next, an example of the present invention will be described together with a comparative example. 1st
Table 2 shows the composition, mechanical properties during extrusion, and extrusion conditions (components and presence/absence of the outer skin) of the aluminum bearing extrusion molded bodies adopted in this Example and Comparative Example. It shows the ingredients.

Table 2: Composition of lead-based alloy plate <Example; No. 1.3, 4, 6.7> In this example, No. 1 in Table 1,
Each aluminum alloy was melted to have the composition shown in 1, 3, '4, 6, and 7, and aluminum atomized alloy powder having a particle size of 118 mesh was obtained by air atomization. 2 tonf/
Cold isostatic pressing was carried out at a hydrostatic pressure of Cm2 to obtain molded bodies 13) shown in FIGS. 13 and 5.

Next, in the same way as the aluminum alloy powder, each lead alloy was melted in an electric melting furnace to have the composition shown in Table 2,
Lead-based atomized alloy powder is produced by the air atomization method, and these alloy powders are cold isostatically pressed into a diameter of 100 mm.
mm, thickness 5 mm (however, No. 6, No. 7 has a thickness of 4 mm), and these plates are formed into semi-cylindrical plates with a thickness of 5 mm (4 mm in thickness for No. Plate 14).

In addition, semi-cylindrical plates with a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of 5 mm were processed using the JIS 100O system aluminum alloy rough forming body processing shown in Table 1, and these plates were used as raw materials before extrusion (see Figures 3 and 3). The aluminum alloy plate 12) shown in FIG. 5 was used.

Furthermore, a rough molded body made of nickel was prepared, and semi-cylindrical plates having a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of 1 mm were formed by machining.

Next, in Example No. 1, 3.4, the molded body 13 made of the aluminum-based bearing alloy billet and the second
A plate 14 made of a lead-based alloy selected from the table as shown in Table 1, and a plate 1 made of an aluminum alloy.
2 are set in an overlapping state in a container 18 of an extrusion device as shown in FIG.
Plate 15 made of knee 2 Kel, plate 14 made of lead-based alloy, and plate 1 made of aluminum alloy.
2 and 2 are placed in a stacked state in the container 18 of the extrusion device as shown in FIG.
4 or 6 by extruding forward in 3 or 4 layers, respectively, using a plunger (not shown).
Various extruded bodies having the cross-sectional shapes shown in the figure were obtained.

Next, for each extrusion molded body 6, (extrusion molded body) →
(Rolling preliminary heat treatment) → (rolling) → (annealing treatment) → (
By adding the steps of backing metal (mild steel plate) cladding → (annealing treatment) → (machining), Example No. 1.
3.4, as shown in FIG. 7, an intermediate layer 2 made of an aluminum alloy, an aluminum-based bearing alloy layer 3, and a surface layer 4 made of a lead-based alloy were sequentially laminated on the surface of the back metal 1. Bearings 10 were manufactured and Example Nos. 6 and 7 were prepared.
As shown in FIG. 8, on the surface of the back metal 1, an intermediate layer 2 made of an aluminum alloy, an aluminum bearing alloy layer 3, an intermediate layer 5 made of nickel, and a surface made of a lead alloy. A bearing 10 was manufactured in which layers 4 and 4 were sequentially laminated.

<Example: No. 2> In this example, first, an aluminum alloy was melted in an electric melting furnace at about 1000°C to have the composition shown in No. 2 in Table 1, and then melted using an air atomization method. An aluminum-based atomized alloy powder with a particle size of 18 mesh was produced.Then, this alloy powder was subjected to cold isostatic pressure with a diameter of 10 mesh.
The billet is formed into a cylindrical billet molded body with a diameter of 0 mm and a length of 100 mm, and this billet is used as a raw material before extrusion (formed body 13 in Fig. 3).
).

In addition, lead alloy powder of No. 2 composition shown in Table 2 was produced by air atomization method, and this powder was heated to a diameter of 1 mm by cold isostatic pressure.
This plate was formed into a semi-cylindrical plate having a diameter of 0.00 mm and a thickness of 5 mm, and this plate was used as a raw material before extrusion (lead-based alloy plate 14 in FIG. 3).

Furthermore, we prepared a roughly formed aluminum body in accordance with JIS1050, and machined it to a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of 5 mm.
A semi-cylindrical plate was manufactured, and this plate was used as a material before extrusion (aluminum plate 12 in FIG. 3).

Next, these pre-extrusion materials (12, 13° 14) are set in an overlapping state in the container 18 of the extrusion device as shown in FIG. 3, and forward extrusion of three layers is performed using a plunger (not shown) at room temperature. By doing so, a plate-shaped extrusion molded body 6 with a diameter of 60 mm and a thickness of 4 mm having the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 4 was obtained. Next, this plate-shaped extrusion molded body 6 was rolled to a thickness of 1.2 mm. Thereafter, the aluminum skin side of the extrusion molded body and a 2 mm thick mild steel plate were pressed together with a roll to obtain a bearing material having a shape shown in FIG. 7 and having a thickness of 1.8 mm. After this pressure VC, a 7-neal treatment at 200° C. for 12 hours was performed to remove processing distortion of the rear shaft bearing material.

<Example: No. 5> In this example, first, an aluminum-based alloy powder having the composition shown in No. 5 in Table 1 was produced by air atomization method, and then this alloy powder was heated to a length of 100 mm by cold isostatic pressure. , [
A cubic billet compact of 100 mm and a length of 100 mm was formed, and then this aluminum-based bearing alloy powder billet compact was subjected to a 7-neal treatment at 500° C. for 10 hours to form Si particles of 6 to 127 j, m and used as a pre-extrusion material (molded body 13 in Fig. 5),
Lead alloy powder of No. 3 composition shown in Table 2 was manufactured by air atomization method, and this powder was heated to a length of 100 mm by cold isostatic pressure.
This plate was formed into a rectangular parallelepiped plate with a width of 50 mm and a thickness of 4 mm, and this plate was used as the raw material before extrusion (lead-based alloy plate 14 in Fig. 5). Prepare molded bodies and machine them into dimensions of 100 mm long, 50 mm wide, and 5 mm thick, and 100 mm long, 50 mm wide, and 5 mm thick, respectively.
Rectangular parallelepiped plates with dimensions of , 15) are set in an overlapping state in the container 18 of the extrusion device as shown in Fig. 5, and the extrusion temperature is 200°C and forward extrusion is performed for four cycles using a plunger (not shown), as shown in Fig. 6. Radius 60mm with cross-sectional shape.

A plate-shaped extrusion molded body 6 having a thickness of 4 mm was obtained. Here, during extrusion, the die shape of the portion contacting the lead-based alloy outer skin (4) was made into a saw-like shape so that the thickness of the lead-based alloy outer skin (4) was made more uniform. Thereafter, rolling, pressure welding with a mild steel plate, and annealing treatment were performed in the same manner as in Examples No. 2 to obtain a bearing material having a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG.

Comparative example: Na, 8 to 11> In this comparative example, each aluminum alloy was melted to have the composition shown in N008 to 11 in Table 1, and the particle size of 118 mesh was made by air atomization. Next, these alloy powders were hydrostatically pressed into a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 100 mm and a length of 100 mm to form a billet, and this billet was extruded as a single body to form a plate-shaped extruded product. I got it. Subsequently, each extruded plate was pressed against an aluminum plate and a mild steel plate, and then annealed and machined to produce a bearing.

Next, the bearings manufactured in Examples Nos. 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples Nos. 008 to 1 were subjected to a severe bearing wear resistance test under the conditions shown in Table 3. Bearing Wear Resistance Test Conditions As shown in Figure 9, the bearing according to the present invention has excellent surface performance not found in comparative bearings, and at the same time has good fatigue resistance. is clear. This is because the bearing according to the present invention has a surface layer 4 made of a lead-based alloy on the surface, so that the shaft member and the bearing member can easily get used to each other at an early stage. This is because it becomes easier to maintain fluid lubrication, and there is almost no wear after that. Furthermore, the improvement in fatigue resistance is due to the fact that the alloy strength is improved by reducing the lubricating component compared to comparative aluminum-based bearings.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, in the bearing of the present invention, the surface of the back metal is coated with Au as the main component and Pb, Sn, and In as the lubricating components, through an intermediate layer made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. .

A of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Sb and Bi.
0.001 to 0.0 in cross-sectional area ratio to l matrix
0B, St as a hard component with a cross-sectional area ratio of 0.01
~0,10, Cu, Cr, Ti, Mg as reinforcing components
, Mn, and Ni+Zn in an amount of 0.2 to 5.0% by weight, and the size of uniformly and finely dispersed lubricating components is 4 JLm or less; Main component is Pb, Sn and In are 5
~15% by weight, 3b, Cu, Cr.

Since it has a laminated structure with a surface layer made of a lead-based alloy containing 0.05 to 2.0% by weight of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Mn, Ni, and Ti, it has excellent durability. This bearing has the remarkable effect of being an extremely superior bearing with unprecedentedly high levels of both the antinomic properties of fatigue resistance and surface performance (lubrication performance).

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic cross-sectional views of bearings according to embodiments of the present invention, FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate manufacturing procedures for bearings according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. Cross-sectional explanatory diagram of the extrusion device with each pre-extrusion material set, No. 4
The figure is an explanatory cross-sectional view of the extruded product after extrusion, Figures 5 and 6 show the manufacturing procedure of a bearing according to another embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 5 shows the extrusion device in which each pre-extrusion material is set 6 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of an extrusion molded product after extrusion, FIG. 7 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a bearing according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional explanatory diagram of a bearing according to another embodiment of the present invention. A cross-sectional explanatory diagram, FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of wear resistance tests of various bearings, and FIG. 10 is a graph showing the change pattern of rotation speed under wear resistance test conditions. 1... Back metal, 2... Intermediate layer made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, 3... Aluminum-based bearing alloy layer, 4... Surface layer made of lead-based alloy, 5... Made of nickel or nickel alloy. The Middle Class, 10
...Bearing, 12...Plate made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, 13...A, +1/Molded body of miniram bearing alloy powder, 14...Plate of lead-based alloy, 15...Nickel or Nickel alloy plate, 17...Dice, 18...Container.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) One or more metals selected from the group consisting of Pb, Sn, In, Sb, and Bi, with Al as the main component and lubricating components, interposed on the surface of the back metal through an intermediate layer made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. with a cross-sectional area ratio of 0.001 to 0.006 to the Al matrix, Si as a hard component with a cross-sectional area ratio of 0.01 to 0.10, and Cu, Cr, Ti, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn as reinforcing components. Contains 0.2 to 5.0% by weight of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of
m or less, an aluminum-based bearing alloy layer containing Pb as the main component, 5 to 15% by weight of Sn and In, Sb, Cu
, Cr, Mn, Ni, and a surface layer made of a lead-based alloy containing 0.05 to 2.0% by weight of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Ni, and Ti. .