KR200344193Y1 - 체내 촬상 장치 및 시스템과 체내 촬상을 위한 삼킬 수있는 캡슐. - Google Patents

체내 촬상 장치 및 시스템과 체내 촬상을 위한 삼킬 수있는 캡슐. Download PDF

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KR200344193Y1
KR200344193Y1 KR20-2003-0034811U KR20030034811U KR200344193Y1 KR 200344193 Y1 KR200344193 Y1 KR 200344193Y1 KR 20030034811 U KR20030034811 U KR 20030034811U KR 200344193 Y1 KR200344193 Y1 KR 200344193Y1
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cmos
cmos imaging
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이단가브리엘
애브니도프
글루코프스키아르카디
머론가브리엘
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Abstract

본 고안은 체내 이미지를 획득하는 시스템 및 방법을 제공한다. 시스템은 촬상 시스템(10) 및 CMOS 촬상 카메라(24)로부터 환자의 외부에 위치한 수신 시스템으로 신호를 송신하는 초저전력 무선 주파수 송신기(26)를 포함한다. 촬상 시스템(10)은 적어도 하나의 CMOS 촬상 카메라(24), 체내 지점을 조명하는 적어도 하나의 조명원(illumination source)(23) 및 체내 지점을 CMOS 촬상 카메라(24)로 촬상시키는 광학 시스템(optical system)을 포함한다.

Description

체내 촬상 장치 및 시스템과 체내 촬상을 위한 삼킬 수 있는 캡슐. {A DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR IN VIVO IMAGING}
본 고안은 소화관 촬상과 같은 체내 촬상 장치 및 시스템에 관한 것이다.
체내 촬상 시스템으로 알려진 것 중에 내시경(endoscope)이 있는데, 위나 장의 상하의 이미지를 제공하는데 종종 이용된다. 하지만, 내시경은 소장(small intestines)의 전체를 보여주지는 못한다. 또한, 이것들은 불편하며 환자에게 상처를 입히거나 다루기가 까다롭다.
소화 작용을 통하여 소화관을 따라 움직이며 데이터를 수집하고 데이터를 수신기 시스템으로 전송하는 삼킬 수 있는 전자 캡슐(swallowable electronic capsule)이 공지되며 있으며, 그러한 것으로는 "하이델베르그(Heidelberg)" 캡슐이 있다. 또 다른 예가 미국 특허 제5,604,531호에 기재되어 있다. 이 캡슐은 장 내의 pH, 온도 및 압력을 측정하는데 이용된다.
본 고안의 장치 및 시스템은 위장(gastrointestinal)(GI)관 전체의 이미지와 같은, 신체의 내강(lumen) 또는 공동(cavity) 내에서 얻은 체내 이미지를 얻을 수 있다. 장치 및 시스템은 상보형 금속 산화막 반도체(complementary metal oxide semiconductor)(CMOS) 촬상 카메라를 포함하는 촬상 시스템을 포함한다. 장치는 또한 CMOS 촬상 카메라에서 수신 시스템으로 신호를 전송하는 초저전력 무선 주파수(radio frequency)(RF) 송신기를 포함한다.
CMOS 촬상 카메라는 초저전력 촬상기이며, 적색 스펙트럼에는 덜 민감하며 칩 크기 패키징(chip scale packaging)(CSP)으로 제공된다. 송신기는 고 대역폭 입력을 갖는 초저전력 RF 송신기이며 칩 크기 패키징이 가능하다.
본 고안의 장치 및 시스템의 촬상 시스템으로 달성되는 고집적 저전력 소비는 CMOS 기술의 발전이 없었다면 달성할 수 없었다. 또한, 영상 신호용 초저전력, 고대역폭 입력 송신기는 관련 분야에는 공지되어 있지 않다. 또한, CSP의 RF 제품 역시 관련 분야에는 공지되어 있지 않다.
또한, 촬상 시스템은 광원으로서 현재 관련 분야에 사용 중인 적색 백열 전구나 RGB 발광 다이오드(light emitting diode)(LED)보다는 백색 LED를 사용할 수 있다. 백색 LED는 더 좋은 화질과 보기에 편안하다.
본 고안의 실시예에 따라서, 체내 촬상 장치를 제공한다. 장치는 영상 출력, 바람직하게는 디지털 출력을 생성하는 적어도 하나의 촬상 시스템과 영상 출력을 수신 시스템으로 전송하는 송신기로 구성된다.
촬상 시스템은 CMOS 촬상 카메라, 체내 지점(in vivo site)을 비추는 적어도 하나의 조명원(illumination source)과 체내 지점을 CMOS 촬상 카메라로 촬상시키는 광학 시스템(optical system)을 포함한다.
조명원은 백색 LED일 수 있다. 여기서 사용하는 "백색 LED"란 용어는 청색 LED 칩(청색 스펙트럼 범위의 발광)과 굴절 결정(refracting crystal)의 결합에 관련된 것이다. 청색 LED 칩은 굴절 결정 내에 싸여서 결정에 입사되는 청색광이 상이한 스펙트럼으로 발광되어 백색광을 내게 된다. 굴절 결정에서 나오는 백색광은 적색광에 비하여 적은 부분이며 적외광(infra red)(IR)보다는 아주 작거나 거의 존재하지 않는다.
조명원은 굴절 결정 매트릭스와 거기에 복수 개가 집적된 청색 LED를 구비한 소정의 집적광원일 수 있다.
장치의 구성요소는 광학 창(optical window)을 구비한 하우징(housing) 내에 장착될 수 있다. 하우징은 신체 내강 또는 공동에 삽입되어 통과하도록 구성된다.
본 고안의 실시예에 따르면, 영상 출력, 바람직하게는 디지털 출력을 생성하는 촬상 시스템, 촬상 시스템의 영상 출력을 전송하는 송신기 및 전송된 영상 출력을 수신하는 수신 시스템을 포함하는 체내 촬상 시스템을 제공한다. 촬상 시스템은 CMOS 촬상 카메라, 체내 지점을 비추는 조명원 및 체내 지점을 CMOS 촬상 카메라로 촬상시키는 광학 시스템으로 이루어진다.
시스템은 신체의 일부를 에워싸며 전송된 영상 출력을 수신하고 복수의 수신 신호를 생성하는 하나 이상의 안테나를 포함하는 안테나 어레이(antenna array)를 더 포함한다. 또한, 시스템은 복수의 수신 영상 신호를 단일 영상 데이터스트림(datastream)으로 변환시키는 복조기를 포함할 수 있다. 시스템은 또한 단일 데이터스트림으로부터 트래킹(tracking)과 영상 데이터를 생성하는 데이터 처리 시스템을 포함할 수 있다.
수신 시스템과 데이터 처리기는 통상 환자의 외부에 위치한다.
선택적으로, 시스템은 단속적으로 송신기를 동작시킬 수 있는 장치를 포함할 수 있다.
본 고안의 일 실시예에서, 광학 창을 구비하고 GI관 전체 길이를 체내 촬상할 수 있는 촬상 시스템 및 획득한 이미지를 수신 시스템으로 전송하는 송신기를 포함하는 삼킬 수 있는 캡슐이다.
촬상 시스템은 CMOS 촬상 카메라, 백색 LED 및 CMOS 촬상 카메라 상의 GI관의 지점을 촬상하는 렌즈로 이루어진다. 삼킬 수 있는 캡슐은 캡슐의 전기 소자 전체에 에너지를 공급할 수 있는 에너지원을 포함한다.
본 고안의 일 실시예에 따르면, RF 신호를 수신 시스템으로 전송하는 송신기를 포함한다. 상시 개방(normally opened)(NO) 스위치로 제어되는 송신기는 조명과 본 고안의 장치의 촬상기를 제어하는 제어 블록을 포함한다.
NO 스위치는 스위치 근처에 있으면서 스위치를 닫은 채로 유지하는 외부 자석으로 제어된다. 하지만, 내부 블록은 외부 자석이 존재하는 동안에는 송신기 회로 및 모든 캡슐을 주요 서브 시스템을 인액티브(inactive)로 유지하도록 개방 스위치의 논리(logistics)를 유지한다. 외부 자석을 제거하면 스위치가 개방되고 내부 블록은 닫히게 되어 송신기 회로와 캡슐의 주요 서브시스템은 동작하게 된다.
또한, 체내 이미지를 얻는 방법을 제공한다. 그 방법은, 체내 지점을 조명하는 단계, CMOS 촬상 카메라의 화소로 보내진 빛을 수집하여 아날로그 신호를 생성하는 단계, 아날로그 신호를 처리하여 디지털 신호로 변환시키는 단계, 디지털 신호를 무작위로 추출하는 단계, 디지털 신호를 수신 시스템으로 전송하는 단계, 그리고 전송된 신호를 처리하여 체내 지점의 이미지를 얻는 단계를 포함한다.
도 1은 본 고안의 일 실시예에 따른 체내 촬상 장치의 개략적인 세로 단면도,
도 2는 본 고안의 일 실시예에 따른 CMOS 촬상 카메라의 개략적인 도면,
도 3은 소정의 집적된 조명원을 포함하는, 본 고안에 따른 장치의 개략적인 단면도,
도 4는 본 고안의 일 실시예에 따른 송신기의 블록도,
도 5는 본 고안의 일 실시예에 따른 방법의 블록도.
본 고안의 장치 및 시스템은 내부 신체 내강 및 공동을 관찰하고 최소한의 영상 데이터를 전송하는데 이용된다.
본 고안의 일 실시예에 따른 장치 및 그 구성요소의 도시하는 도 1을 참조한다. 장치(10)는 광학 창(21) 및 GI관과 같은 내부 신체의 내강으로부터 이미지를 획득하는 촬상 시스쳄으로 통상 이루어진다. 촬상 시스템은 백색 LED와 같은 조명원(23), 이미지를 검출하는 CMOS 촬상 카메라(24) 및 CMOS 촬상 카메라(24)에 이미지의 초점을 맞추는 광학 시스템(22)을 포함한다. 조명원(23)은 광학 창(21)을 통하여 신체 내강의 내부를 조명한다. 장치(10)는 CMOS 촬상 카메라(24)의 영상 신호를 전송하는 송신기(26)와 안테나, 장치(10)의 전기 소자에 전력을 공급하는 은 산화막 배터리(silver oxide battery)와 같은 전원(25)을 더 포함한다.
본 고안의 장치 및 시스템에는 여러 개의 CMOS 촬상 카메라를 사용할 수 있음을 인식할 것이다. 각각의 CMOS 촬상 카메라는 장치 또는 시스템의 필요에 따라 각각의 광학 시스템과 하나 이상의 조명원을 포함할 수 있다.
CMOS 카메라(24)로 획득한 이미지는, 또한 데이터 처리부를 포함하는 수신 시스템(도시하지 않음)으로 전송된다. 수신 시스템 및 데이터 처리부는 통상 환자의 외부에 위치한다.
장치(10)는 캡슐 형태이며, 삼키기가 쉽고 GI관을 통해 수동적으로 움직이며 자연적인 연동을 따라 밀려간다.
그럼에도 불구하고, 장치는 삽입하기에 적절한 형태이며 신체 내강이나 공동을 통과한다. 또한, 본 고안의 장치는 신체 내강 또는 공동에 삽입되는 기구, 예를 들면 내시경, 복강경(laparoscope), 스텐트(stent), 침(needle), 도뇨관(catheter)에 부착되거나 고정될 수 있다.
따라서, 장치는 삼키거나 광학 장치(endoscopic device)를 이용하거나 수술 등으로 신체 내강 또는 공동에 삽입될 수 있다.
적절한 CMOS 촬상 카메라(24)는, 예를 들면 집적 능동 화소 및 후처리 회로(도 2를 참조하여 상세히 설명함)를 구비하며, 기븐 이미징 리미티드가 특정하고 포토비트 코포레이션(Photobit Corporation)이 고안한 "카메라 온 칩(camera on chip)" 형태의 CMOS 촬상기이다. 단일 칩 카메라는 흑색, 백색 또는 컬러 신호를제공할 수 있다.
CMOS 촬상 카메라(24)는 공지의 CMOS 카메라보다 적색 스펙트럼에 덜 민감하도록 설계되었다.
광학 시스템(22)은 CMOS 촬상 카메라의 화소 쪽으로 반사광을 수집시키고 평행하게 하는 적어도 하나의 렌즈와 선택적으로 거울 및/또는 프리즘을 포함한다. 통상적으로, 광학 시스템은 비구형 초점 렌즈(aspherical focussing lens)를 포함한다. 예를 들면, 적절한 렌즈로는 소정 피사체의 정도, 왜곡 및 해상도의 파라미터에 따라 기븐 이미징 리미티드가 고안한 렌즈가 있다.
조명원(23)은 광학 창(21)을 통하여 신체 내강 벽을 비춘다. 이어, 광학 시스템(22)의 렌즈는 CMOS 촬상 카메라(24)의 화소로 반사광을 집중시킨다.
소정의 촬상 요구에 따라 단일 또는 복수의 광원 또는 집적 광원을 사용하여 빛샘 등을 방지할 수 있다. 또한, 광학 창(21)을 장치의 형태와 촬상 목적에 따라 위치시키고 형태를 만들 수 있다. 예를 들면, 타원면 형태의 돔(dome)을 형성하도록 광학 창을 형성하고 CMOS 촬상 칩 카메라 시스템(24)와 조명원(23)을 광학 돔으로 형성되는 초점 평면 가까이에 위치시키는 경우, 최적의 촬상 조건을 얻을 수 있다. 상기 촬상 조건의 획득은 본 고안의 양수인에게 양도되고 여기에 인용되어 본 고안의 내용을 이루는 WO 00/76391에 기재되어 있다.
본 고안에서 촬상되는 체내 지점은 촬상기에 통상 촬상기에 매우 근접해 있다. 예를 들면, 소장(small intestine)을 통과하여 촬상하는 11×30mm 캡슐은 매우 근접한 거리에서 장벽을 촬상한다. 따라서, LED와 같은 고체 조명원을 이용하는 촬상 처리 중에서 조명 요구를 충족시킬 수 있다.
본 고안의 일 실시예에서, 조명원은 백색 LED이다. 백색 LED에서 나오는 백색광은 적색광에 비하여 일부이며 IR광에 비하여는 극히 적다. 따라서, 백색 LED는 실리콘계 촬상 센서(CMOS 촬상 카메라와 같은)와 함께 사용하면 유리한데, 이는 실리콘이 적색 및 IR광에 민감하기 때문이다.
적색 스펙트럼의 광에 덜 민감하며 백색 LED 조명원을 구비한 본 고안의 CMOS 촬상 카메라를 포함하는 시스템에서, IR 제거 필터(광 필터)가 필요하지 않다.
적절한 송신기는 CMOS 촬상 카메라로부터 영상 신호(디지털 또는 아날로그)를 수신하는 변조기, RF 증폭기, 임피던스 정합기 및 안테나를 포함할 수 있다. 송신기는 도 4에서 더 설명한다.
시스템의 다른 선택적인 부분은 물론 시스템을 포함하는 캡슐을 소화관 내에 위치시키는 방법은 미국특허 제5,604,531호(본 고안의 양수인에게 양도되었으며 여기서 인용되어 본 고안의 내용을 이룬다)에 기재된 것과 유사하다.
장치(10)는 pH, 온도, 압력 등을 측정하는 센서 소자를 더 포함할 수 있다. 종래 기술에 기재된 이러한 센서 소자의 일부는 장치에 부착되거나 포함될 수 있으며, 신체 내강(예를 들면, 소화계)의 특정 조건을 측정하는데 적절한 소자일 수 있다.
CMOS 촬상 카메라의 배치를 개략적으로 나타낸 도 2를 참조한다. CMOS 촬상 카메라(200)는 단일 칩 상에 능동 화소(active pixel) 및 후 처리 회로(postprocessing circuitry)를 포함한다. CMOS 촬상 카메라(200)는 포토셀(photo cell)(202)(CMOS 촬상 카메라의 화소), CDS(correlated double sampler)(204), 아날로그 디지털(A/D) 변환기(26), 인코딩 및 랜덤화부(encoding and randomizing unit)(208) 및 회로 소자의 제어 및 동기화용 타이밍 발생기(210)를 포함한다.
광학 시스템에 의해 수집된 광은 CMOS 촬상 카메라(200)를 향하며 포토셀(202)이 빛을 흡수할 때 포톤(photon)은 전자로 변환된다. 전자는 전류로 변환되고 능동 화소에 의하여 아날로그 신호가 생성된다. 아날로그 신호는 온 칩 후처리 회로에 의한 추가 처리를 위해 전달된다. 신호는 CDS204에 의하여 추가 처리된다. CDS204는 신호를 A/D 변환기(206)로 전달하기 전에 잡음을 제거하고 신호 형태를 형성하기 위한 상관형 이중 샘플링(correlated double sampling)을 수행한다. A/D 변환기(206)는 신호를 직렬 저전력 전송을 가능하게 하는 직렬 출력 A/D 변환기이다. 이 신호는 디지털 신호로 변환되며, 프레임 및 행 파라미터를 정의하고(인코딩) 전송용 신호를 준비하는(무작위 추출) 인코딩 및 랜덤화부(208)로 보내진다. 인코딩 및 랜덤화부(208)는 한 가지 형태의 신호가 재발생으로 전송이 방해받지 않도록 디지털 "0"과 "1"의 발생을 무작위로 추출한다.
CMOS 촬상 카메라(200)는 체내 촬상용으로 조정된 사양에 따라, 기븐 이미징 리미티드가 특정하고 미국 캘리포니아 소재 포토비트 코포레이션이 설계한 것이다. CMOS 촬상 칩은 초저전력 요건(3 밀리와트 이하)을 갖는다. 온도의 함수인, 촬상 카메라에 의하여 발생되는 암전류(dark current)의 증가 범위는 종래 기술의 고체 상태 장치보다 적으며, 37℃에서 출력 영상 신호의 극히 일부만이 암전류이다. 또한, 상기한 바와 같이, 촬상 카메라는 적색 스펙트럼 광에 대한 감도를 감소시켜 광 필터를 사용할 필요가 없다.
소정의 집적 광원을 포함하는 체내 촬상 장치를 도시한 도 3을 참조한다. 장치(300)는 CMOS 촬상 카메라(302), CMOS 촬상 카메라(302)로 체내 이미지를 촬상시키는 광학 시스템(도시하지 않음) 및 체내 지점을 조명하는 집적 광원(304)을 포함한다. 장치(300)는 촬상 카메라로부터 수신기(도시하지 않음)로 영상 데이터를 전송하는 송신기(305)를 포함한다. 송신기(305)는 광원(304)에 대하여 고전압 및 고전류원을 발생시킨다. 집적 광원(304)은 연결 배선(301)을 통하여 송신기(305)에 연결된다. 장치의 전기 소자는 장치 내에 포함된 배터리에 의하여 전력을 공급받는다.
집적 광원(304)은 CMOS 촬상 카메라(302)를 에워싼 굴절 결정 매트릭스의 스트립(strip)(306)을 포함한다. 굴절 결정 매트릭스의 스트립(306)으로 둘러싸인 청색 LED 칩(308)은 스트립(306)을 따라 위치하여 CMOS 촬상 카메라(302) 주변의 링에 조명을 공급한다.
청색 LED 칩(308)은 전체 스트립(306)이 발광하도록 스트립(306) 전체에 걸쳐 산재할 수 있다.
송신기의 블록도를 나타내는 도 4를 참조한다. 국제 통신 규약(FCC와 같은)을 충족시키도록 설계된 ASIC(application specific integrated circuit)인 송신기(400)는 무선 주파수 디지털 신호를 안테나(426, 427)를 통하여 수신 시스템으로 전송시키는 MSK(minimum shift keying) 변조 방식으로 동작한다.송신기(400)는 또한 본 고안의 장치의 조명과 촬상기 그리고 스위치의 논리 변환을 제어한다. 송신기(400)는 외부의 프로그래밍 입력(408)과 연결되는 일회용 프로그래밍부(one time programming unit)(408), 촬상기와 연결되는 제어 논리 블록(control logic block)(401), 변조기(425)와 연결되는 위상 동기 루프(phase lock loop; PLL)(402), 선택적으로 LED 전원과 조명 제어용 제어 블록(403), 내부 전자 스위치(406)를 제어하는 주 오실레이터(404)와 스위치(406)를 포함한다.
제어 논리 블록(401)은 촬상기와 통신하여 프로그래밍된 파라미터를 판독하고 프로그래밍 모드에서 "외부" 세계와의 연결 통로 역할을 수행한다. 제어 논리 블록(401)은 마스터 클록(master clock)을 유지하여 비트 속도 데이터(412)와 프레임 속도(413)에 의하여 동기되며 촬상기에 의해 발생된 제어 신호(411)를 통하여 LED 전원과 제어 블록(403)을 트리거(trigger)시킨다. 제어 논리 블록(401)은 마스터 클록(414)과 촬상기의 셧다운(shutdown)을 제어한다.
셧다운 동안, 송신기는 비콘(beacon) 신호만을 내보낸다. 셧다운으로 인해 장치의 전원을 효율적으로 사용할 수 있다. 예를 들면, 소장을 촬상하는 장치에 있어서, 송신기(400)는 촬상기와 다른 전자 장치가 셧다운의 영향을 받는 동안, 2시간 지연을 포함하도록 프로그래밍될 수 있다. 2시간은 특히 환자에게 있어서, 삼킬 수 있는 장치가 위를 통과하여 소장으로 진입하는데 대략적으로 걸리는 시간이다. 따라서, 그러한 환자들에게, 장치는 장치가 소장에 도달했을 때에만 이미지를 포착하도록 배터리에서 전력을 사용한다.
PLL(402)은 송신 주파수에서 드리프트(drift)를 자동적으로 보정하는 피드백시스템(feedback system)이다. PLL(402)은 채널 주파수와 무관하게 빠른 주파수 분할을 하도록 프리스케일러(pre-scaler)를 포함한다. 프리스케일러(424)는 PLL에 대하여 기준 주파수를 발생시키는 오실레이터(404)의 주파수를 분할하는 분할기(divider)(421)와 통신한다. 분할 계수는 채널에 의존한다. PLL(402)은 자신의 주파수 및 위상 비교를 수행하는 위상 주파수 검출기(phase frequency detector; PFD)(422)와 전체 루프의 루프 전송 형태를 수행하는 차지 펌프(charge pump)(423)를 포함한다.
LED 전원 및 제어 블록(403)은 외부 커패시터(431)로 제어되는 고전압원(432)을 포함한다. LED 전원 및 제어 블록(403)은 고전류원(433)을 포함하며 LED의 최고 전류값은 LedRes(435)에 연결된 저항으로 제어된다.
송신기(400)는 외부 자기 스위치(405)로 제어된다. 스위치(405)는 상기한 바와 같이, 외부 자석에 의하여 항상 차단되어 있는 상시 개방(normally opened; NO) 스위치이다. 스위치(405)는 모든 전자 장치를 제어하는 내부 전자 스위치(406)를 제어한다. 전자 스위치(406)는 NO 스위치(405)의 논리를 "상기 차폐(normally closed; NC)" 논리로 변환시키는 저누설 논리를 포함하여, 스위치(405)가 NO 스위치일라도, 차단되어 있는 동안에는 송신기가 동작하지 못하게 한다.
저누설 회로는 연간 배터리 전원의 1 내지 3%만을 사용하므로, 내부 전자 스위치(406)는 장치의 전원 관리에 있어서 주요한 요소는 아니다.
본 고안의 일 실시예에 있어서, 장치는 광학 창과 CMOS 촬상 카메라, 백색LED, 광학 시스템, 송신기 및 배터리를 구비한 삼킬 수 있는 캡슐이다. 삼킬 수 있는 캡슐은 PCT 출원 IL00/00752(본 고안의 양수인에게 양도되고 여기에 인용되어 본 고안의 내용을 이룬다)에 기재된 자기 패키징(magnetic packaging)과 같이, 자석을 갖는 패키지에 포함되어 있는 동안에는 동작하지 않는다. 사용하기 전에 자석을 구비한 패키지를 제거하면 스위치(405)를 개방시켜 송신기를 동작시킬 수 있고, 이로써 촬상기와 조명이 작동한다.
송신기(400)에서 정보의 입력 대역폭은 초당 1.35메가비트 이상이다. 영상 데이터를 전송하는 그러한 저전력 고입력 대역폭 송신기는 아직까지 종래 기술에는 없었다.
본 고안의 방법을 블록도로 나타내는 도 5를 참조한다. 체내 촬상 방법은, 체내 지점을 조명하는 단계(502), 반사광을 CMOS 촬상 카메라에 수집하여 아날로그 신호를 발생시키는 단계(504), 아날로그 신호를 디지털 신호로 변환시키는 단계(506), 디지털 신호를 무작위 추출하는 단계(508), 디지털 신호를 수신 시스템으로 전송하는 단계(510), 그리고 전송 신호를 처리하여 체내 지점의 이미지를 얻는 단계(512)를 포함한다.
조명 단계(502)는 체내 지점을 비추는 백색 LED를 이용하여 수행하는 것이 바람직하다. 조명은 시스템의 소정 요건에 따라 지속적 혹은 교호(alternating)될 수 있다.
체내 지점에서 반사된 광을 수집하고(504) CMOS 촬상 칩의 화소로 향하게 하는 것은 렌즈와 다른 적절한 시준기(collimator)를 포함하는 광학 시스템을 이용하여 달성된다.
아날로그 신호를 디지털 신호로 변환시키는 것(506)은 직렬식이 바람직하다.
디지털 신호의 무작위 추출(508), 즉 디지털 신호("0"과 "1")의 발생을 무작위 추출하는 것은 한 가지 형태의 신호 재발생으로 전송이 방해받지 않도록 수행된다.
신호의 전송(510)은 환자의 신체에 부착된 안테나 어레이로 초당 2 내지 8 프레임 속도로 무선 주파수(약 432 내지 434Mhz)를 이용하여 이루어진다. 안테나는 이미지를 포착하고 환자의 신체 내에서 촬상기의 위치를 계산하고 가리키는데 사용된다. 촬상기 위치의 계산 및 지시의 일례는 상기한 미국특허 제5,604,531호에 기재되어 있다.
신호의 처리(512)는 적절한 프로세서와 소프트웨어를 이용하여 수행된다. 예를 들면, RAPID 소프트웨어(기븐 이미징 리미티드가 개발하고 소유)는 GI관 내에서 얻은 이미지의 영상 클립(video clip)을 얻는데 사용된다. 영상 클립은 GI관 내에서 장치의 위치 측정을 할 수 있도록 GI관을 통과하면서 촬상 장치의 궤적(trajectory)과 일치될 수 있다.
또한, 복수의 수신 안테나는 최상의 수신 조건을 갖는 위치로 이동하는데 사용될 수 있다.
이미지는 벨트에 착용할 수 있는 소형 휴대형 레코더에 저장될 수 있으며, 이어 분석 및 검색을 위해 다운로드될 수 있다. 또한, 수신기는 고정 데이터 레코더에 직접 연결될 수 있다.
본 고안의 장치 및 시스템은 위장(GI)관 전체의 이미지와 같은, 신체의 내강 또는 공동 내에서 얻은 체내 이미지를 얻을 수 있다.
실험은 CMOS 촬상 칩 및 소형 프로세서, 백색 LED 광원, 짧은 초점 거리 렌즈와 소형 송신기 및 안테나를 포함하는 11×30mm 캡슐로 수행되었다. 은산화막 배터리로 전원이 공급되는 캡슐을 삼키고 위장관으로부터 5시간 이상 지속적으로 이미지를 기록하였다.
양호한 품질의 영상 이미지를 생생한 전송은 보행 가능한 개(ambulatory dogs)에 있어서 6시간 이상 지속되었다.
윤리 위원회의 승인하에 인간 지원자에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 캡슐은 쉽게 삼켜졌다. 위와 소장에서 동영상을 획득하였고 고통은 전혀 없었다. 광학 창은 전송 전체를 통하여 선명하였다.
신호 크기의 삼각 분석법으로 캡슐의 위치를 지속적으로 모니터링할 수 있었다. 작은 보울(bowl)의 촬상은 2시간 내에 성공적으로 완료되었다.
본 고안이 상기에서 특히 도시하고 설명한 것에 한정되지 않음을 당업자는 알 것이다. 본 고안의 범위는 이하의 청구범위로만 정하여 진다.

Claims (4)

  1. 적어도 하나의 CMOS 촬상 카메라, 소정의 체내 지점(site in vivo)을 비추는 적어도 하나의 조명원(illumination source), 상기 체내 지점을 상기 CMOS 촬상 카메라로 촬상시키는 광학 시스템(optical system), 및 상기 CMOS 촬상 카메라의 영상 출력을 전송하는 송신기를 포함하는 체내 촬상 장치.
  2. 제1항에서,
    상기 조명원은 백색 LED인 체내 촬상 장치.
  3. 위장관(gastrointestinal tract)의 체내 촬상을 위한, 광학 창을 구비하는 삼킬 수 있는 캡슐(swallowable capsule)로서,
    적어도 하나의 CMOS 촬상 카메라,
    위장관의 소정 지점을 조명하는 적어도 하나의 조명원,
    상기 위장관의 소정 지점을 상기 CMOS 촬상 카메라로 촬상시키는 광학 시스템, 그리고
    상기 CMOS 촬상 카메라의 영상 출력을 전송하는 송신기
    를 포함하는 삼킬 수 있는 캡슐.
  4. 체내 이미지를 포착하고 영상 출력을 발생시키는 촬상 시스템,
    상기 영상 출력을 전송하는 송신기, 그리고
    상기 전송된 영상 출력을 수신하는 수신 시스템
    을 포함하고,
    상기 촬상 시스템은 적어도 하나의 CMOS 촬상 카메라, 소정의 체내 지점을 비추는 적어도 하나의 조명원, 및 상기 체내 지점을 상기 CMOS 촬상 카메라로 촬상시키는 광학 시스템(optical system)을 포함하는 체내 촬상 시스템.
KR20-2003-0034811U 2000-03-08 2003-11-06 체내 촬상 장치 및 시스템과 체내 촬상을 위한 삼킬 수있는 캡슐. Expired - Lifetime KR200344193Y1 (ko)

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