KR20110008043A - 전착 방법 및 전착 장치 - Google Patents
전착 방법 및 전착 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20110008043A KR20110008043A KR1020107023293A KR20107023293A KR20110008043A KR 20110008043 A KR20110008043 A KR 20110008043A KR 1020107023293 A KR1020107023293 A KR 1020107023293A KR 20107023293 A KR20107023293 A KR 20107023293A KR 20110008043 A KR20110008043 A KR 20110008043A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/007—Current directing devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
- C25D21/14—Controlled addition of electrolyte components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/003—Electroplating using gases, e.g. pressure influence
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
- C25D5/617—Crystalline layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/001—Apparatus specially adapted for electrolytic coating of wafers, e.g. semiconductors or solar cells
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Abstract
Description
도 1a는 도 1의 2개의 인접 셀의 확대도면이다.
도 2는 18개의 셀 멀티-셀 컴파트먼트, 즉, 도 1의 컴파트먼트 B1의 18개의 파트를 동시에 도금하는 전기 배선 개략도를 도시하고 있는데, 각 스트링은 직렬 구성으로 3개의 파트를 포함한다.
도 3은 도금 셀의 다수의 워크피스(workpieces)에 대한 전압-전류 프로파일을 도시하고 있다.
도 4는 DC 도금을 위한 도금 셀의 다양한 코딩 레벨에서의 워크피스에 대한 전압-전류 프로파일을 도시하고 있다.
도 5는 펄스 전착을 위한 다양한 코팅 레벨에서의 워크피스에 대한 전압-전류 프로파일을 도시하고 있다.
도 6은 3-파트 및 4-파트 직렬 도금 스트링에 대한 전압-시간 프로파일을 도시하고 있다.
도 7은 3-단계 도금 프로파일을 사용하는 흑연/에폭시 튜브의 6개의 3-파트 스트링에 대한 전압-시간 프로파일을 도시하고 있다.
도 8은 단일 셀에서 도금되는 파트 및 멀티-도금 시스템에서 도금되는 파트에 대한 코팅 두께 프로파일을 도시하고 있는데, 단일 셀 탱크 및 멀티-셀 탱크 두께 프로파일 비교를 제공한다.
Claims (12)
- 적어도 2개의 영구 또는 임시 기판 각각에 금속 물질층을 동시에 전착하는(electrodepositing) 방법으로서,
(a) 복수의 이온적으로(ionically) 서로 통하는 전착 영역(electrodepositing zones))을 직렬로 전기 접속시키는 단계와.
(b) 단일 소스로부터 상기 이온적으로 서로 통하는 전착 영역 중 적어도 2개로 전기 전력을 직렬로 공급하는 단계와,
(c) 상기 이온적으로 서로 통하는 전착 영역 사이에서 공유되는 수용액 전해액에 상기 적어도 2개의 기판의 각 기판을 침수시키는 단계와,
(d) 각 기판에 음전하를 공급하고 각 기판에 동일한 전류를 제공하는 단계를 포함하는
전착 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
복수의 도금된 파트를 동시에 준비하되, 각 파트는 적어도 일부에 전착된 금속 물질층을 포함하고,
각 전착 영역은 적어도 하나의 캐소드 영역을 구비하고, 내부의 기판은 음극성(cathodic)이되고,
각 전착 영역의 전착 파라미터는, 5 내지 10,000mA/cm2 범위의 평균 전류 밀도와, 0.1 내지 10,000ms 범위의 순방향 펄스 온 타임과, 0 내지 10,000ms 범위의 펄스 오프와, 0 내지 500ms 범위의 역방향 펄스 온 타임과, 5 내지 10,000 mA/cm2 범위의 피크 순방향 전류 밀도와, 5 내지 20,000mA/cm2 범위의 피크 역방향 전류 밀도와, 0 내지 1,000Hz 범위의 주파수와, 5 내지 100% 범위의 듀티 사이클과, 0 내지 100℃ 범위의 전해액 온도이며, 동작 전극은 상기 기판이거나 애노드 영역을 구성하고, 0 내지 1,000 RPM 범위의 회전 속도와, 0 내지 12 범위의 전해액 pH와, 1 내지 6,000ml/(min·cm2) 범위의 전해액 교반 속도(electrolyte agitation rate)을 가지며, 상기 애노드 영역에서 기하구조적 애노드 표면적의 0-95% 사이를 덮으며, 전해액 전기화학적으로 불활성 미립자 함유물은 체적 0 내지 70% 범위이며, 얻어진 상기 동시에 도금되는 파트의 파트 대 파트 변동은 ±20% 미만의 평균 층 무게 대 최대 층 무게 비율 및 ±20% 미만의 평균 층 무게 대 층 무게 표준 편차 비율 및 4개 이상의 기판의 경우에는 10 미만의 첨예도(kurtosis)에 의해 나타나는
전착 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,
적어도 4개의 물품은 2개의 직렬 스트링에서 동시에 전착되고 각 스트링은 상이한 전력원에 의해 전력이 공급되며,
상기 전력원은 동기화되어 전기도금 영역으로부터 전착 영역으로의 전압 변동을 최소화시키는
전착 방법.
- 제 3 항에 있어서,
상기 전착 파라미터는 각 전착된 금속 물질층이 20 마이크론 내지 5cm 범위의 두께를 갖도록 선택되고,
얻어진 파트 대 파트 변동성은 ±20% 미만의 평균 층 두께 대 최대 층 두께의 비율 및 ±20% 미만의 평균 층 두께 대 층 두게 표준 편차의 비율 및 4개 이상의 기판의 경우에 10 미만의 첨예도에 의해 나타나는
전착 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 전착 파라미터는 상기 전착된 금속 물질층이 2nm 내지 5,000nm 범위의 평균 입자 크기, 5,000nm 초과 평균 입자 크기를 갖는 조립 마이크로구조 및 무정형 마이크로구조로 구성되는 그룹으로부터 선택되는 동일한 마이크로 구조를 갖도록 선택되는
전착 방법. - 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 전착 파라미터는 모든 상기 증착된 금속 물질층이 동일한 등급의 입자 크기를 갖도록 선택되는
전착 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 금속 물질은 Ag, Au, Cu, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Sn, Fe, Pd, Pb, Pt, Rh, Ru 및 Zn으로 구성되는 그룹으로부터 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소의 금속 또는 합금이며, 선택적으로 하나 이상의 원소는 B, P, C, S 및 W로 구성되는 그룹으로부터 선택되는
전착 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 금속 물질은
a. Ag, Au, Cu, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Sn, Fe, Pd, Pb, Pt, Rh, Ru 및 Zn로 구성되는 그룹으로부터 선택되는 하나 이상의 금속
b. C, O 및 S로 구성되는 그룹으로부터 선택되는 적어도 하나의 원소 및
c. 선택적으로 B, P 및 W로 구성되는 그룹으로부터 선택되는 적어도 하나의 원소
를 포함하는
전착 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,
전착은 교정용 보철(an orthopedic prosthesis), 총신(gun barrel), 몰드(mold), 스포츠 제품, 셀룰러 전화 또는 자동차 부품의 기판으로 수행되는
전착 방법.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,
전착은 총신 내부로 수행되는
전착 방법.
- 직렬 전기 접속의 적어도 2개의 기판의 표면상으로 금속 물질을 동시에 전착하는 장치로서,
(a) 증착될 상기 금속 물질의 이온을 함유하는 전해액 용액으로 채워진 전해액 우물과,
(b) 직렬로 전기 접속되는 적어도 2개의 도금 셀과,
(c) 상기 우물로부터 각 도금 셀에 상기 전해액 용액을 공급하고 상기 전해액 용액을 상기 중앙 전해액 우물로 귀환시키는 전해액 순환 루프와,
(d) 각 도금 셀은
(i) 적어도 하나의 애노드와,
(ii) 시빙 전극(a thieving electrode)에 대해 선택적으로 위치되는 도금될 임시 또는 영구 기판 중 하나를 수용하고 유지할 수 있는 캐소드와,
(iii) 분배기 플레이트, 동기화 전력 공급기 및 셀들 사이의 구불구불한 전해액 경로로 구성되는 그룹으로부터 선택되는 도금 셀들 사이의 전압 차 및 분로 전류를 최소화시키는 수단을 포함하고,
(e) 적어도 2개의 도금 셀에 전기적으로 접속되는 적어도 하나의 전력원을 포함하는
전착 장치.
- 적어도 2개의 전력 공급기를 사용하며 직렬 전기 접속되는 적어도 4개의 기판의 표면으로 금속 물질을 동시에 전착하는 장치로서,
(a) 증착될 상기 금속 물질의 이온을 함유하는 전해액 용액으로 채워지는 전해액 우물과,
(b) 직렬로 전기 접속되는 적어도 2개의 도금 셀과,
(c) 각각 직렬로 전기접속되는 적어도 2개의 도금 셀의 적어도 2개의 스트링과,
(d) 상기 우물로부터 각 도금 셀로 상기 전해액 용액을 공급하고 상기 전해액 용액을 상기 전해액 우물로 귀환시키는 전해액 순환 루프와,
(e) 각각 상이한 도금 셀 스트링을 전기 접속시키는 적어도 2개의 전력 공급기 - 상기 전력 공급기는 도금 사이클 동안에 항상 전류 온 타임, 오프 타임, 역방향 타임 및 각 전류 밀도에 대해 동기화됨 - 와,
(f) 각 도금 셀은
(i) 적어도 하나의 애노드와,
(ii) 시빙 전극에 대해 선택적으로 위치되는 도금될 임시 또는 영구 기판 중 하나를 수용하고 유지할 수 있는 캐소드와,
(iii) 증착될 상기 금속 물질의 이온을 함유하는 전해액과,
(iv) 분배기 플레이트, 동기화 전력 공급기 및 셀들 사이의 구불구불한 전해액 경로로 구성되는 그룹으로부터 선택되는 도금 셀들 사이의 전압 차 및 분로 전류를 최소화시키는 수단을 포함하는
전착 장치.
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| US12/081,623 US8062496B2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2008-04-18 | Electroplating method and apparatus |
| US12/081,623 | 2008-04-18 |
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| EP (1) | EP2262928A1 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR20110008043A (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN102007232B (ko) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0910587A2 (ko) |
| CA (1) | CA2716394A1 (ko) |
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-
2008
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-
2009
- 2009-03-04 WO PCT/CA2009/000264 patent/WO2009127037A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-03-04 MX MX2010010658A patent/MX2010010658A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2009-03-04 KR KR1020107023293A patent/KR20110008043A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2009-03-04 CN CN2009801136044A patent/CN102007232B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-04 EP EP09733070A patent/EP2262928A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-03-04 BR BRPI0910587A patent/BRPI0910587A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-03-04 CA CA2716394A patent/CA2716394A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2011
- 2011-10-07 US US13/268,175 patent/US20120024696A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20150118080A (ko) * | 2012-07-27 | 2015-10-21 | 인스티튜토 슈페리어 테크니코 | 수지상 조직을 갖는 니켈-코발트 피막의 전착법 |
| KR20190036619A (ko) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-04-05 | (주)포인텍 | 전기도금라인의 무선행거에 장착된 기판에 인가되는 전류의 제어방법 |
| KR102012731B1 (ko) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-08-21 | 주식회사 에이엔씨코리아 | 6 가 크롬도금액 및 이를 이용한 크랙프리 펄스 전기도금방법 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20120024696A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
| US8062496B2 (en) | 2011-11-22 |
| MX2010010658A (es) | 2010-11-09 |
| CA2716394A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
| US20100006445A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
| BRPI0910587A2 (pt) | 2015-09-22 |
| EP2262928A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
| CN102007232B (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
| CN102007232A (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
| WO2009127037A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
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