KR20150108043A - 스프링 강 및 스프링 - Google Patents
스프링 강 및 스프링 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20150108043A KR20150108043A KR1020157024307A KR20157024307A KR20150108043A KR 20150108043 A KR20150108043 A KR 20150108043A KR 1020157024307 A KR1020157024307 A KR 1020157024307A KR 20157024307 A KR20157024307 A KR 20157024307A KR 20150108043 A KR20150108043 A KR 20150108043A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/021—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant characterised by their composition, e.g. comprising materials providing for particular spring properties
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 2는 템퍼링 경도(HV)와 피로 강도(㎫)의 관계를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 3은 지표 C(=[Si]/[Mn])와 피로 강도(㎫)의 관계를 나타내는 도면이다.
Claims (10)
- 제1항에 또는 제2항에 있어서, 질량%로,
Nb:0.001∼0.200%
를 더 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 스프링 강. - 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 질량%로,
Ca:0.0002∼0.0100%,
Mg:0.0002∼0.0100%,
Zr:0.0005∼0.1000%
중 1종 또는 2종 이상을 더 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 스프링 강. - 제3항에 있어서, 질량%로,
Ca:0.0002∼0.0100%,
Mg:0.0002∼0.0100%,
Zr:0.0005∼0.1000%
중 1종 또는 2종 이상을 더 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 스프링 강. - 강재를, 신선 후, 열처리를 실시하여 제조된 스프링이며, 강재가, 질량%로,
C:0.50∼0.70%,
Si:3.01∼5.00%,
Mn:0.30∼2.00%,
P:0.0002∼0.0500%,
S:0.0002∼0.0500%,
Cr:0.10∼3.50%,
Al:0.0005∼0.0500%,
N:0.0020∼0.0100%,
를 함유하고, 잔량부가 Fe 및 불가피적 불순물로 이루어지고, 당해 스프링은 하기 (a)식으로 정의하는 H값이 160 이상, 하기 (b)식으로 정의하는 C값이 3.25 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는, 스프링.
여기서, 식 중, [C], [Si], [Mn] 및 [Cr]은, 강 중의 각 원소의 함유량(질량%)임. - 제6항 또는 제7항에 있어서, 상기 강재가, 질량%로,
Nb:0.001∼0.200%,
를 더 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 스프링. - 제6항 또는 제7항에 있어서, 상기 강재가, 질량%로,
Ca:0.0002∼0.0100%,
Mg:0.0002∼0.0100%,
Zr:0.0005∼0.1000%,
중 1종 또는 2종 이상을 더 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 스프링. - 제8항에 있어서, 상기 강재가, 질량%로,
Ca:0.0002∼0.0100%,
Mg:0.0002∼0.0100%,
Zr:0.0005∼0.1000%,
중 1종 또는 2종 이상을 더 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 스프링.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011178997 | 2011-08-18 | ||
| JPJP-P-2011-178997 | 2011-08-18 | ||
| PCT/JP2012/070767 WO2013024876A1 (ja) | 2011-08-18 | 2012-08-15 | ばね鋼およびばね |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020147003528A Division KR20140033235A (ko) | 2011-08-18 | 2012-08-15 | 스프링 강 및 스프링 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20150108043A true KR20150108043A (ko) | 2015-09-24 |
| KR101603485B1 KR101603485B1 (ko) | 2016-03-14 |
Family
ID=47715192
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020157024307A Expired - Fee Related KR101603485B1 (ko) | 2011-08-18 | 2012-08-15 | 스프링 강 및 스프링 |
| KR1020147003528A Ceased KR20140033235A (ko) | 2011-08-18 | 2012-08-15 | 스프링 강 및 스프링 |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020147003528A Ceased KR20140033235A (ko) | 2011-08-18 | 2012-08-15 | 스프링 강 및 스프링 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9523404B2 (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP2746420B1 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP5541418B2 (ko) |
| KR (2) | KR101603485B1 (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN103717776B (ko) |
| BR (1) | BR112014003415B1 (ko) |
| MX (1) | MX339397B (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2013024876A1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014174587A1 (ja) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-30 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 耐疲労特性に優れたばね鋼及びその製造方法 |
| CN110760748B (zh) * | 2018-07-27 | 2021-05-14 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种疲劳寿命优良的弹簧钢及其制造方法 |
| WO2021002074A1 (ja) * | 2019-07-01 | 2021-01-07 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 鋼線およびばね |
| JP7012195B2 (ja) * | 2019-10-16 | 2022-02-10 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 弁ばね |
| KR102326263B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-11-15 | 주식회사 포스코 | 초고강도 스프링용 선재, 강선 및 그 제조방법 |
| JP7549459B2 (ja) * | 2020-04-10 | 2024-09-11 | 日本発條株式会社 | 圧縮コイルばね |
| DE112020006562B4 (de) | 2020-06-15 | 2024-10-10 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Federstahldraht |
| JP7322893B2 (ja) | 2020-06-17 | 2023-08-08 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | ばね用鋼線 |
| CN117355625A (zh) | 2021-08-05 | 2024-01-05 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 弹簧用钢线 |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5732353A (en) | 1980-08-05 | 1982-02-22 | Aichi Steel Works Ltd | Spring steel with superior wear resistance |
| JPS61136612A (ja) | 1984-12-04 | 1986-06-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 高Siばね用清浄鋼の製造法 |
| JPS6483644A (en) | 1987-09-25 | 1989-03-29 | Nissan Motor | High-strength spring |
| JPH0257637A (ja) | 1988-08-23 | 1990-02-27 | Nippon Steel Corp | 高疲労強度ばねの製造方法及びそれに用いるばね用鋼線 |
| JP2003268483A (ja) | 2002-03-08 | 2003-09-25 | Kobe Steel Ltd | ばね用鋼線材およびその製造方法 |
| JP2004315968A (ja) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-11-11 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 加工性に優れた高強度ばね用鋼線および高強度ばね |
| KR20070065820A (ko) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-06-25 | 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 | 냉간절단성과 피로 특성이 우수한 냉간 성형 스프링용강선과 그의 제조방법 |
| JP2007231347A (ja) | 2006-02-28 | 2007-09-13 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 伸線加工性に優れた線材およびその製造方法 |
| KR20080080210A (ko) * | 2006-01-23 | 2008-09-02 | 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 | 내취성파괴 특성이 우수한 고강도 스프링 강 및 그제조방법 |
| KR20090010926A (ko) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-30 | 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 | 피로 특성이 우수한 용수철용 선재 |
| KR20090130416A (ko) * | 2007-05-25 | 2009-12-23 | 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 | 피로 특성이 우수한 고청정도 스프링용 강 및 고청정도 스프링 |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4448617A (en) | 1980-08-05 | 1984-05-15 | Aichi Steel Works, Ltd. | Steel for a vehicle suspension spring having good sag-resistance |
| SU985128A1 (ru) * | 1980-10-31 | 1982-12-30 | Львовский Ордена Ленина Политехнический Институт Им.Ленинского Комсомола | Сталь |
| JP2650225B2 (ja) * | 1986-01-30 | 1997-09-03 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | ばね用鋼 |
| JP2952862B2 (ja) * | 1991-01-28 | 1999-09-27 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | 焼入れ性,耐温間へたり性に優れたバネ用鋼の製造方法 |
| JPH06240408A (ja) * | 1993-02-17 | 1994-08-30 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | ばね用鋼線及びその製造方法 |
| US5776267A (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 1998-07-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Spring steel with excellent resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and fatigue |
| JP3577411B2 (ja) * | 1997-05-12 | 2004-10-13 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 高靭性ばね鋼 |
| EP1619264B1 (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2012-09-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Steel wire for high strength spring excellent in workability and high strength spring |
| EP1820869B1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2015-10-07 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Spring-use heat treated steel wire |
| JP4423253B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-02 | 2010-03-03 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 耐水素脆化特性に優れたばね用鋼、並びに該鋼から得られる鋼線及びばね |
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| WO2008044859A1 (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2008-04-17 | Posco | Steel wire rod for high strength and high toughness spring having excellent cold workability, method for producing the same and method for producing spring by using the same |
| WO2008056428A1 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-15 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steel for high-strength spring and heat-treated steel wire for high-strength spring |
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| KR20110075318A (ko) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-07-06 | 주식회사 포스코 | 피로파괴 저항성이 우수한 고강도 고인성 스프링용 강선, 이를 이용한 스프링 및 이들의 제조방법 |
| US20120291927A1 (en) | 2010-07-06 | 2012-11-22 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Drawn heat treated steel wire for high strength spring use and pre-drawn steel wire for high strength spring use |
-
2012
- 2012-08-15 JP JP2013529028A patent/JP5541418B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-08-15 KR KR1020157024307A patent/KR101603485B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-08-15 EP EP12824592.5A patent/EP2746420B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-08-15 WO PCT/JP2012/070767 patent/WO2013024876A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2012-08-15 KR KR1020147003528A patent/KR20140033235A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2012-08-15 US US14/237,949 patent/US9523404B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-08-15 MX MX2014001872A patent/MX339397B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2012-08-15 BR BR112014003415-0A patent/BR112014003415B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-08-15 CN CN201280039322.6A patent/CN103717776B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5732353A (en) | 1980-08-05 | 1982-02-22 | Aichi Steel Works Ltd | Spring steel with superior wear resistance |
| JPS61136612A (ja) | 1984-12-04 | 1986-06-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 高Siばね用清浄鋼の製造法 |
| JPS6483644A (en) | 1987-09-25 | 1989-03-29 | Nissan Motor | High-strength spring |
| JPH0257637A (ja) | 1988-08-23 | 1990-02-27 | Nippon Steel Corp | 高疲労強度ばねの製造方法及びそれに用いるばね用鋼線 |
| JP2003268483A (ja) | 2002-03-08 | 2003-09-25 | Kobe Steel Ltd | ばね用鋼線材およびその製造方法 |
| JP2004315968A (ja) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-11-11 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 加工性に優れた高強度ばね用鋼線および高強度ばね |
| KR20070065820A (ko) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-06-25 | 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 | 냉간절단성과 피로 특성이 우수한 냉간 성형 스프링용강선과 그의 제조방법 |
| JP2007169688A (ja) | 2005-12-20 | 2007-07-05 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 冷間切断性と疲労特性に優れた冷間成形ばね用鋼線とその製造方法 |
| KR20080080210A (ko) * | 2006-01-23 | 2008-09-02 | 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 | 내취성파괴 특성이 우수한 고강도 스프링 강 및 그제조방법 |
| JP2007231347A (ja) | 2006-02-28 | 2007-09-13 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 伸線加工性に優れた線材およびその製造方法 |
| KR20090130416A (ko) * | 2007-05-25 | 2009-12-23 | 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 | 피로 특성이 우수한 고청정도 스프링용 강 및 고청정도 스프링 |
| KR20090010926A (ko) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-30 | 가부시키가이샤 고베 세이코쇼 | 피로 특성이 우수한 용수철용 선재 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2746420A4 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
| CN103717776A (zh) | 2014-04-09 |
| KR20140033235A (ko) | 2014-03-17 |
| CN103717776B (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
| KR101603485B1 (ko) | 2016-03-14 |
| US9523404B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 |
| MX2014001872A (es) | 2014-05-30 |
| EP2746420B1 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
| BR112014003415A2 (pt) | 2017-03-01 |
| WO2013024876A1 (ja) | 2013-02-21 |
| MX339397B (es) | 2016-05-25 |
| US20140193288A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
| BR112014003415B1 (pt) | 2019-05-28 |
| JP5541418B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
| JPWO2013024876A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
| EP2746420A1 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
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